spring cloud的Netflix中提供了两个组件实现软负载均衡调用,分别是Ribbon和Feign。上一篇和大家一起学习了Ribbon。
Ribbon :Spring Cloud Ribbon是基于HTTP和TCP的客户端负载工具,它是基于Netflix Ribbon实现的,它可以在客户端配置 ribbonServerList(服务端列表),然后轮询请求以实现均衡负载。
Feign :spring cloud feign 是一个使用起来更加方便的 HTTP 客戶端。在使用ribbon时,通常会使用RestTemplate实现对http请求的封装,形成了模板化的调用方法。spring cloud feign在此基础上做了进一步的封装,Feign是一种声明式、模板化的HTTP客户端。在Spring Cloud中使用Feign, 可以做到使用HTTP请求远程服务时能与调用本地方法一样的编码体验,完全感知不到这是远程方法,更感知不到这是个HTTP请求。
1、 新建项目sc-eureka-client-consumer-feign,对应的pom.xml文件如下
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>spring-cloud</groupId> <artifactId>sc-eureka-client-consumer-feign</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>sc-eureka-client-consumer-feign</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version> </parent> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>Finchley.RELEASE</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target> </properties> <dependencies> <!-- 说明是一个 eureka client --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId> <version>1.4.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
备注:spring cloud 2.x后spring-cloud-starter-feign已经被标识为过期,推荐使用spring-cloud-starter-openfeign
2、 新建spring boot启动类ConsumerFeignApplication.java
package sc.consumer; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient; import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients; @SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaClient @EnableFeignClients public class ConsumerFeignApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ConsumerFeignApplication.class, args); } }
3、 创建配置文件bootstrap.yml和application.yml,对应的内容如下
bootstrap.yml
server: port: 5800
application.yml
spring: application: name: sc-eureka-client-consumer-feign eureka: client: registerWithEureka: true #是否将自己注册到Eureka服务中,默认为true fetchRegistry: true #是否从Eureka中获取注册信息,默认为true serviceUrl: defaultZone: http://localhost:5001/eureka/
4、 编写feign客户端
package sc.consumer.service; import java.util.Map; import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.DeleteMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PutMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import sc.consumer.model.User; @FeignClient(value="sc-eureka-client-provider") public interface UserService { @GetMapping("/user/getUser/{id}") Map<String, Object> getUser(@PathVariable(value ="id") Long id); @RequestMapping("/user/listUser") Map<String, Object> listUser(); @PostMapping("/user/addUser") Map<String, Object> addUser(@RequestBody User user); @PutMapping("/user/updateUser") Map<String, Object> updateUser(@RequestBody User user); @DeleteMapping("/user/deleteUser/{id}") Map<String, Object> deleteUser(@PathVariable(value ="id") Long id); }
5、 分别启动注册中心项目sc-eureka-server和服务提供者sc-eureka-client-provider
6、 启动项目sc-eureka-client-consumer-feign,并验证是否启动成功
方法一
方法二
7、 使用postman验证
查询:
http://127.0.0.1:5800/feign/user/getUser/4
列表:
http://127.0.0.1:5800/feign/user/listUser
添加:
http://127.0.0.1:5800/feign/user/addUser
更新:
http://127.0.0.1:5800/feign/user/updateUser
删除:
http://127.0.0.1:5800/feign/user/deleteUser/6
备注:
sc-eureka-client-provider项目的UserController.java 需要修正
https://gitee.com/hjj520/spring-cloud-2.x/tree/master/sc-eureka-client-consumer-feign