简介
GUI的核心技术:Swing AWT
- 因为界面不美观
- 需要jre环境
学习的原因:
- 写出一些小工具
- 工作时维护到swing界面的概率极小
- 了解MVC架构,了解监听!
AWT
AWT介绍
- 包含了很多类和接口!GUI!
- 元素:窗口,按钮,文本框
- java.awt
组件和容器
创建窗口组件
import java.awt.*; //GUI的第一个界面 public class TestFrame { public static void main(String[] args) { //Frame对象 看源码 Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个Java图形界面窗口"); //需要设置可见性 frame.setVisible(true); //设置窗口大小 frame.setSize(400,400); //设置背景颜色 Color frame.setBackground(new Color(85,150,68)); //弹出的初始位置 frame.setLocation(200,200); //设置大小固定 frame.setResizable(false); } }
同时创建多个窗口
回顾封装
import java.awt.*; public class TestFrame2 { public static void main(String[] args) { //展示多个窗口 new MyFrame myFrame1 = new MyFrame(100, 100, 200, 200, Color.blue); MyFrame myFrame2 = new MyFrame(300, 100, 200, 200, Color.yellow); MyFrame myFrame3 = new MyFrame(100, 300, 200, 200, Color.red); MyFrame myFrame4 = new MyFrame(300, 300, 200, 200, Color.magenta); } } class MyFrame extends Frame{ static int id = 0;//可能存在多个窗口,我们需要一个计数器 public MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color){ super("Myframe"+(++id)); setBackground(color); setBounds(x,y,w,h); setVisible(true); } }
面板Panel
解决了关闭事件!
import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter; import java.awt.event.WindowEvent; //Panel 可以看成是一个空间,不能单独存在 public class TestPanel { public static void main(String[] args) { Frame frame = new Frame(); //布局的概念 Panel panel = new Panel(); //设置布局 frame.setLayout(null); //坐标 frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500); frame.setBackground(new Color(87, 157, 51, 255)); //设置Panel坐标,相对于frame panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400); panel.setBackground(new Color(234, 5, 5)); //frame.add(panel) frame.add(panel); frame.setVisible(true); //监听事件,监听窗口关闭事件 System.exit() frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { //窗口点击关闭的时候需要做的事情 @Override public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) { //结束程序 System.exit(0); } }); } }
布局管理器
- 流式布局
import java.awt.*; public class TestFlowLayout { public static void main(String[] args) { Frame frame = new Frame(); //组件-按钮 Button button1 = new Button("button1"); Button button2 = new Button("button2"); Button button3 = new Button("button3"); //设置为流式布局 //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT)); frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT)); frame.setSize(200,200); //把按钮添加上去 frame.add(button1); frame.add(button2); frame.add(button3); frame.setVisible(true); } }
- 东西南北中
import java.awt.*; public class TestBorderLayout { public static void main(String[] args) { Frame frame = new Frame("TestBorderLayout"); Button east = new Button("East"); Button west = new Button("West"); Button south = new Button("South"); Button north = new Button("North"); Button center = new Button("Center"); frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST); frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST); frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH); frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH); frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER); frame.setSize(200,200); frame.setVisible(true); } }
- 表格布局
import java.awt.*; public class TestGridLayout { public static void main(String[] args) { Frame frame = new Frame("TestGridLayout"); Button btn1 = new Button("btn1"); Button btn2 = new Button("btn2"); Button btn3 = new Button("btn3"); Button btn4 = new Button("btn4"); Button btn5 = new Button("btn5"); Button btn6 = new Button("btn6"); frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2)); frame.add(btn1); frame.add(btn2); frame.add(btn3); frame.add(btn4); frame.add(btn5); frame.add(btn6); frame.pack();//Java函数,自动布局 frame.setVisible(true); } }
- 布局嵌套练习(绘制下图所示结构的布局)
import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter; import java.awt.event.WindowEvent; public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { //创建frame Frame frame = new Frame("测试练习"); //设置frame参数及布局 frame.setBackground(new Color(252, 253, 252)); frame.setSize(400,300); frame.setLocation(300,400); frame.setVisible(true); frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1)); //设置4个面板及布局 Panel panel01 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2, 1)); Panel panel02 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2, 2)); Panel panel03 = new Panel(new BorderLayout()); Panel panel04 = new Panel(new BorderLayout()); //向面板中添加Button panel01.add(new Button("center-n"),BorderLayout.NORTH); panel01.add(new Button("center-s"),BorderLayout.SOUTH); panel03.add(new Button("west-1"),BorderLayout.WEST); panel03.add(new Button("east-1"),BorderLayout.EAST); panel03.add(panel01,BorderLayout.CENTER); panel04.add(panel02,BorderLayout.CENTER); for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { int m=i; panel02.add(new Button("center"+(++m))); } panel04.add(new Button("east-2"),BorderLayout.EAST); panel04.add(new Button("west-2"),BorderLayout.WEST); frame.add(panel03); frame.add(panel04); //设置frame关闭操作 frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { @Override public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) { System.exit(0); } }); } }
总结:
- Frame是一个顶级窗口
- Panel无法单独显示,必须添加到某个容器中
- 布局管理器
- 流式
- 东西南北中
- 表格
- 大小,定位,背景,颜色,可见性,监听
事件监听
事件监听:当某个事情发生的时候,干什么?
import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter; import java.awt.event.WindowEvent; public class TestActionEvent { public static void main(String[] args) { //按下按钮,触发一些事件 Frame frame = new Frame(); Button button = new Button(); //因为,addActionListener()需要一个ActionListener,所以我们需要构造一个ActionListener MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener(); button.addActionListener(myActionListener); frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER); frame.pack(); windowClose(frame);//关闭窗口 frame.setVisible(true); } //关闭窗体的事件 private static void windowClose(Frame frame){ frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { @Override public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) { System.exit(0); } }); } } //事件监听 class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{ @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { System.out.println("aaa"); } }
多个按钮,共享一个事件
import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter; import java.awt.event.WindowEvent; public class TestActionEvent2 { public static void main(String[] args) { //两个按钮,实现同一个监听 //开始 停止 Frame frame = new Frame("开始-停止"); frame.setBounds(200,200,200,200); frame.setVisible(true); frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1)); frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { @Override public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) { System.exit(0); } }); Button button1 = new Button("start"); Button button2 = new Button("stop"); //可以显示的定义触发会返回的命令,如果不显式定义,则会走默认的值! //可以多个按钮只写一个监听类 button2.setActionCommand("button2-stop"); MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor(); button1.addActionListener(myMonitor); button2.addActionListener(myMonitor); frame.add(button1); frame.add(button2); } } class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{ @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { //e.getActionCommand() 获得按钮的信息 System.out.println("按钮被点击了:msg"+e.getActionCommand()); if (e.getActionCommand().equals("start")){ } }
输入框TextField监听
import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; public class TextText01 { public static void main(String[] args) { //启动! new MyFrame(); } } class MyFrame extends Frame{ public MyFrame(){ TextField textField = new TextField(); add(textField); //监听这个文本框输入的文字 MyActionListener2 myActionListener2 = new MyActionListener2(); //按下enter就会触发这个输入框的事件 textField.addActionListener(myActionListener2); //设置替换编码 textField.setEchoChar('*'); setVisible(true); pack(); } } class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener{ @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { TextField field = (TextField) e.getSource();//获得一些资源,返回一个对象 System.out.println(field.getText());//获得输入框的文本 field.setText("");//null } }
简易计算器,组合+内部类回顾
oop原则:组合,大于继承
import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; //简易计算器 public class TestCalc { public static void main(String[] args) { MyFrame01 frame01 = new MyFrame01(); } } //计算器类 class MyFrame01 extends Frame{ public MyFrame01(){ //三个文本框 TextField field01 = new TextField(5); TextField field02 = new TextField(5); TextField field03 = new TextField(10); //一个按钮 Button button = new Button("="); button.addActionListener(new MyActionListener01(field01,field02,field03)); Panel panel01 = new Panel(); panel01.add(field01); //一个标签 panel01.add(new Label("+")); panel01.add(field02); panel01.add(button); panel01.add(field03); add(panel01); pack(); setVisible(true); } } class MyActionListener01 implements ActionListener{ //获取三个变量 private TextField num1,num2,num3; public MyActionListener01(TextField num1,TextField num2,TextField num3){ this.num1=num1; this.num2=num2; this.num3=num3; } @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { //1.获得加数和被加数 int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText()); int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText()); //2.将这个值+法运算后,放到第三个框 num3.setText(""+(n1+n2)); //3.清除前两个框 num1.setText(""); num2.setText(""); } }
完全改造为面向对象
import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; //简易计算器 public class TestCalc { public static void main(String[] args) { MyFrame01 frame01 = new MyFrame01(); frame01.loadFrame(); } } //计算器类 class MyFrame01 extends Frame{ //属性 TextField field01,field02,field03; //方法 public void loadFrame(){ //三个文本框 field01 = new TextField(5); field02 = new TextField(5); field03 = new TextField(10); //一个按钮 Button button = new Button("="); button.addActionListener(new MyActionListener01(this)); //一个标签 Label label = new Label("+"); //布局 setLayout(new FlowLayout()); add(field01); add(label); add(field02); add(button); add(field03); pack(); setVisible(true); } } //监听器类 class MyActionListener01 implements ActionListener{ //获取计算器这个对象,在一个类中组合另外一个类 MyFrame01 myframe01 = null; public MyActionListener01(MyFrame01 myframe01){ this.myframe01=myframe01; } @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { //1.获得加数和被加数 int n1 = Integer.parseInt(myframe01.field01.getText()); int n2 = Integer.parseInt(myframe01.field02.getText()); //2.将这个值+法运算后,放到第三个框 myframe01.field03.setText(""+(n1+n2)); //3.清除前两个框 myframe01.field01.setText(""); myframe01.field02.setText(""); } }
使用内部类优化
import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; //简易计算器 public class TestCalc { public static void main(String[] args) { MyFrame01 frame01 = new MyFrame01(); frame01.loadFrame(); } } //计算器类 class MyFrame01 extends Frame{ //属性 TextField field01,field02,field03; //方法 public void loadFrame(){ //三个文本框 field01 = new TextField(5); field02 = new TextField(5); field03 = new TextField(10); //一个按钮 Button button = new Button("="); button.addActionListener(new MyActionListener01()); //一个标签 Label label = new Label("+"); //布局 setLayout(new FlowLayout()); add(field01); add(label); add(field02); add(button); add(field03); pack(); setVisible(true); } //监听器类 //内部类最大的好处,就是可以畅通无阻地访问外部的属性和方法! private class MyActionListener01 implements ActionListener{ @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { //1.获得加数和被加数 int n1 = Integer.parseInt(field01.getText()); int n2 = Integer.parseInt(field02.getText()); //2.将这个值+法运算后,放到第三个框 field03.setText(""+(n1+n2)); //3.清除前两个框 field01.setText(""); field02.setText(""); } } }
画笔
import java.awt.*; public class TestPaint { public static void main(String[] args) { new MyPaint().loadFrame(); } } class MyPaint extends Frame{ public void loadFrame(){ setBounds(200,200,600,600); setVisible(true); } //画笔 @Override public void paint(Graphics g) { //画笔,需要有颜色,画笔可以画画 g.setColor(Color.red); //g.drawOval(100,100,100,100); g.fillOval(100,100,100,100);//实心的圆 g.setColor(Color.GREEN); g.fillRect(100,100,100,100); //养成习惯,画笔用完,将其还原到最初的颜色--黑色 } }
鼠标监听
目的:想要实现鼠标画画
import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter; import java.awt.event.MouseEvent; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Iterator; //鼠标监听事件 public class TestMouseListener { public static void main(String[] args) { new MyFrame("画图"); } } //自己的类 class MyFrame extends Frame{ //画画需要画笔,需要监听鼠标当前的位置,需要集合来存储这个点 ArrayList points; public MyFrame(String title){ super(title); setBounds(200,200,400,300); //存鼠标点击的点 points = new ArrayList<>(); setVisible(true); //鼠标监听器,正对这个窗口 this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener()); } @Override public void paint(Graphics g) { //画画,监听鼠标的事件 Iterator iterator = points.iterator(); while (iterator.hasNext()){ Point point = (Point) iterator.next(); g.setColor(Color.BLUE); g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10); } } //添加一个点到界面上 public void addPaint(Point point){ points.add(point); } //适配器模式 private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter{ //鼠标 按下,弹起,按住不放 @Override public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) { MyFrame myFrame = (MyFrame) e.getSource(); //这个我们点击的时候,就会在界面上产生一个点!画 //这个点就是鼠标的点; myFrame.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY())); //每次点击鼠标都需要重新画一遍 myFrame.repaint();//刷新 } } }