kubeadm 部署安装+dashboard+harbor
网络异常，图片无法展示
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master（2C/4G，cpu核心数要求大于2） 192.168.80.10 docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel node01（2C/2G） 192.168.80.11 docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel node02（2C/2G） 192.168.80.12 docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel Harbor节点（hub.kgc.com） 192.168.80.13 docker、docker-compose、harbor-offline-v1.2.2 1、在所有节点上安装Docker和kubeadm 2、部署Kubernetes Master 3、部署容器网络插件 4、部署 Kubernetes Node，将节点加入Kubernetes集群中 5、部署 Dashboard Web 页面，可视化查看Kubernetes资源 6、部署 Harbor 私有仓库，存放镜像资源 ------------------------------ 环境准备 ------------------------------ //所有节点，关闭防火墙规则，关闭selinux，关闭swap交换 systemctl stop firewalld systemctl disable firewalld setenforce 0 iptables -F && iptables -t nat -F && iptables -t mangle -F && iptables -X swapoff -a #交换分区必须要关闭 sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab #永久关闭swap分区，&符号在sed命令中代表上次匹配的结果 #加载 ip_vs 模块 for i in $(ls /usr/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs|grep -o "^[^.]*");do echo $i; /sbin/modinfo -F filename $i >/dev/null 2>&1 && /sbin/modprobe $i;done //修改主机名 hostnamectl set-hostname master hostnamectl set-hostname node01 hostnamectl set-hostname node02 //所有节点修改hosts文件 vim /etc/hosts 192.168.80.10 master 192.168.80.11 node01 192.168.80.12 node02 //调整内核参数 cat > /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf << EOF #开启网桥模式，可将网桥的流量传递给iptables链 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1 #关闭ipv6协议 net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1 net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 EOF //生效参数 sysctl --system -------------------- 所有节点安装docker -------------------- yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io mkdir /etc/docker cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF { "registry-mirrors": ["https://6ijb8ubo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"], "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"], "log-driver": "json-file", "log-opts": { "max-size": "100m" } } EOF #使用Systemd管理的Cgroup来进行资源控制与管理，因为相对Cgroupfs而言，Systemd限制CPU、内存等资源更加简单和成熟稳定。 #日志使用json-file格式类型存储，大小为100M，保存在/var/log/containers目录下，方便ELK等日志系统收集和管理日志。 systemctl daemon-reload systemctl restart docker.service systemctl enable docker.service docker info | grep "Cgroup Driver" Cgroup Driver: systemd -------------------- 所有节点安装kubeadm，kubelet和kubectl -------------------- //定义kubernetes源 cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF [kubernetes] name=Kubernetes baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64 enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 repo_gpgcheck=0 gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg EOF yum install -y kubelet-1.15.1 kubeadm-1.15.1 kubectl-1.15.1 //开机自启kubelet systemctl enable kubelet.service #K8S通过kubeadm安装出来以后都是以Pod方式存在，即底层是以容器方式运行，所以kubelet必须设置开机自启 -------------------- 部署K8S集群 -------------------- //查看初始化需要的镜像 kubeadm config images list //在 master 节点上传 kubeadm-basic.images.tar.gz 压缩包至 /opt 目录 cd /opt tar zxvf kubeadm-basic.images.tar.gz for i in $(ls /opt/kubeadm-basic.images/*.tar); do docker load -i $i; done //复制镜像和脚本到 node 节点，并在 node 节点上执行脚本 bash /opt/load-images.sh scp -r kubeadm-basic.images root@node01:/opt scp -r kubeadm-basic.images root@node02:/opt //初始化kubeadm 方法一： kubeadm config print init-defaults > /opt/kubeadm-config.yaml cd /opt/ vim kubeadm-config.yaml ...... 11 localAPIEndpoint: 12 advertiseAddress: 192.168.80.10 #指定master节点的IP地址 13 bindPort: 6443 ...... 34 kubernetesVersion: v1.15.1 #指定kubernetes版本号 35 networking: 36 dnsDomain: cluster.local 37 podSubnet: "10.244.0.0/16" #指定pod网段，10.244.0.0/16用于匹配flannel默认网段 38 serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/16 #指定service网段 39 scheduler: {} --- #末尾再添加以下内容 apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1 kind: KubeProxyConfiguration mode: ipvs #把默认的service调度方式改为ipvs模式 kubeadm init --config=kubeadm-config.yaml --experimental-upload-certs | tee kubeadm-init.log #--experimental-upload-certs 参数可以在后续执行加入节点时自动分发证书文件，k8sV1.16版本开始替换为 --upload-certs #tee kubeadm-init.log 用以输出日志 //查看 kubeadm-init 日志 less kubeadm-init.log //kubernetes配置文件目录 ls /etc/kubernetes/ //存放ca等证书和密码的目录 ls /etc/kubernetes/pki 方法二： kubeadm init \ --apiserver-advertise-address=0.0.0.0 \ --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \ --kubernetes-version=v1.15.1 \ --service-cidr=10.1.0.0/16 \ --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 初始化集群需使用kubeadm init命令，可以指定具体参数初始化，也可以指定配置文件初始化。 可选参数： --apiserver-advertise-address：apiserver通告给其他组件的IP地址，一般应该为Master节点的用于集群内部通信的IP地址，0.0.0.0表示节点上所有可用地址 --apiserver-bind-port：apiserver的监听端口，默认是6443 --cert-dir：通讯的ssl证书文件，默认/etc/kubernetes/pki --control-plane-endpoint：控制台平面的共享终端，可以是负载均衡的ip地址或者dns域名，高可用集群时需要添加 --image-repository：拉取镜像的镜像仓库，默认是k8s.gcr.io --kubernetes-version：指定kubernetes版本 --pod-network-cidr：pod资源的网段，需与pod网络插件的值设置一致。通常，Flannel网络插件的默认为10.244.0.0/16，Calico插件的默认值为192.168.0.0/16； --service-cidr：service资源的网段 --service-dns-domain：service全域名的后缀，默认是cluster.local --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 方法二初始化后需要修改 kube-proxy 的 configmap，开启 ipvs kubectl edit cm kube-proxy -n=kube-system 修改mode: ipvs 提示： ...... Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully! To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user: mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster. Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/ Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root: kubeadm join 192.168.80.10:6443 --token rc0kfs.a1sfe3gl4dvopck5 \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:864fe553c812df2af262b406b707db68b0fd450dc08b34efb73dd5a4771d37a2 //设定kubectl kubectl需经由API server认证及授权后方能执行相应的管理操作，kubeadm 部署的集群为其生成了一个具有管理员权限的认证配置文件 /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf，它可由 kubectl 通过默认的 “$HOME/.kube/config” 的路径进行加载。 mkdir -p $HOME/.kube cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config //在 node 节点上执行 kubeadm join 命令加入群集 kubeadm join 192.168.80.10:6443 --token rc0kfs.a1sfe3gl4dvopck5 \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:864fe553c812df2af262b406b707db68b0fd450dc08b34efb73dd5a4771d37a2 //所有节点部署网络插件flannel 方法一： //所有节点上传flannel镜像 flannel.tar 到 /opt 目录，master节点上传 kube-flannel.yml 文件 cd /opt docker load < flannel.tar //在 master 节点创建 flannel 资源 kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml 方法二： kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml //在master节点查看节点状态（需要等几分钟） kubectl get nodes NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION master Ready master 71m v1.15.1 node01 Ready <none> 99s v1.15.1 node02 Ready <none> 96s v1.15.1 kubectl get pods -n kube-system NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE coredns-bccdc95cf-c9w6l 1/1 Running 0 71m coredns-bccdc95cf-nql5j 1/1 Running 0 71m etcd-master 1/1 Running 0 71m kube-apiserver-master 1/1 Running 0 70m kube-controller-manager-master 1/1 Running 0 70m kube-flannel-ds-amd64-kfhwf 1/1 Running 0 2m53s kube-flannel-ds-amd64-qkdfh 1/1 Running 0 46m kube-flannel-ds-amd64-vffxv 1/1 Running 0 2m56s kube-proxy-558p8 1/1 Running 0 2m53s kube-proxy-nwd7g 1/1 Running 0 2m56s kube-proxy-qpz8t 1/1 Running 0 71m kube-scheduler-master 1/1 Running 0 70m //测试 pod 资源创建 kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx kubectl get pods -o wide NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES nginx-554b9c67f9-zr2xs 1/1 Running 0 14m 10.244.1.2 node01 <none> <none> //暴露端口提供服务 kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort kubectl get svc NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 25h nginx NodePort 10.96.15.132 <none> 80:32698/TCP 4s //测试访问 curl http://node01:32698 //扩展3个副本 kubectl scale deployment nginx --replicas=3 kubectl get pods -o wide NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES nginx-554b9c67f9-9kh4s 1/1 Running 0 66s 10.244.1.3 node01 <none> <none> nginx-554b9c67f9-rv77q 1/1 Running 0 66s 10.244.2.2 node02 <none> <none> nginx-554b9c67f9-zr2xs 1/1 Running 0 17m 10.244.1.2 node01 <none> <none> -------------------- 安装dashboard -------------------- //所有节点安装dashboard 方法一： //所有节点上传dashboard镜像 dashboard.tar 到 /opt 目录，master节点上传kubernetes-dashboard.yaml文件 cd /opt/ docker load < dashboard.tar kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml 方法二： kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml //查看所有容器运行状态 kubectl get pods,svc -n kube-system -o wide NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES pod/coredns-bccdc95cf-ftbpq 1/1 Running 0 26h 10.244.0.2 master <none> <none> pod/coredns-bccdc95cf-wgs28 1/1 Running 0 26h 10.244.0.3 master <none> <none> pod/etcd-master 1/1 Running 0 26h 192.168.80.10 master <none> <none> pod/kube-apiserver-master 1/1 Running 0 26h 192.168.80.10 master <none> <none> pod/kube-controller-manager-master 1/1 Running 3 26h 192.168.80.10 master <none> <none> pod/kube-flannel-ds-amd64-gkkc5 1/1 Running 0 26h 192.168.80.10 master <none> <none> pod/kube-flannel-ds-amd64-p9fwb 1/1 Running 0 26h 192.168.80.11 node01 <none> <none> pod/kube-flannel-ds-amd64-xr2db 1/1 Running 0 26h 192.168.80.12 node02 <none> <none> pod/kube-proxy-cfx7j 1/1 Running 0 26h 192.168.80.12 node02 <none> <none> pod/kube-proxy-g9qjm 1/1 Running 0 26h 192.168.80.11 node01 <none> <none> pod/kube-proxy-mh8sf 1/1 Running 0 26h 192.168.80.10 master <none> <none> pod/kube-scheduler-master 1/1 Running 2 26h 192.168.80.10 master <none> <none> pod/kubernetes-dashboard-68cbfbd778-ks7dz 1/1 Running 0 12s 10.244.2.3 node02 <none> <none> NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE SELECTOR service/kube-dns ClusterIP 10.96.0.10 <none> 53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP 47h k8s-app=kube-dns service/kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 10.96.148.45 <none> 443:30001/TCP 20h k8s-app=kubernetes-dashboard //使用火狐或者360浏览器访问 https://node02:30001/ https://192.168.80.12:30001/ //创建service account并绑定默认cluster-admin管理员集群角色 kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin //获取令牌密钥 kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}') Name: dashboard-admin-token-xf4dk Namespace: kube-system Labels: <none> Annotations: kubernetes.io/service-account.name: dashboard-admin kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 736a7c1e-0fa1-430a-9244-71cda7899293 Type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token Data ==== token: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.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.uNyAUOqejg7UOVCYkP0evQzG9_h-vAReaDtmYuCPdnvAf150eBsfpRPL1QmsDRsWF0xbI2Yb9m1VajMgKGneHCYFBqD-bsw0ffvbYRwM-roRnLtX-qN1kGMUyMU3iB8y_L6x-ZhiLXwjxUYZzO4WurY-e0h3yI0O2n9qQQmencEoz4snUKK4p_nBIcQrexMzO-aqhuQU_6JJQlN0q5jKHqnB11TfNQX1CNmTqN_dpZy0Wm1JzujVEd-6GQg7xawJkoSZjPYKgmN89z3o2o4cRydshUyLlb6Rmw_FSRvRWiobzL6xhWeGND4i7LgDCAr9YPRJ8LMjJYh_dPbN2Dnpxg ca.crt: 1025 bytes namespace: 11 bytes //复制token令牌直接登录网站 -------------------- 安装Harbor私有仓库 -------------------- //修改主机名 hostnamectl set-hostname hub.kgc.com //所有节点加上主机名映射 echo '192.168.80.13 hub.kgc.com' >> /etc/hosts //安装 docker yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io mkdir /etc/docker cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF { "registry-mirrors": ["https://6ijb8ubo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"], "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"], "log-driver": "json-file", "log-opts": { "max-size": "100m" }, "insecure-registries": ["https://hub.kgc.com"] } EOF systemctl start docker systemctl enable docker //所有 node 节点都修改 docker 配置文件，加上私有仓库配置 cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF { "registry-mirrors": ["https://6ijb8ubo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"], "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"], "log-driver": "json-file", "log-opts": { "max-size": "100m" }, "insecure-registries": ["https://hub.kgc.com"] } EOF systemctl daemon-reload systemctl restart docker //安装 Harbor //上传 harbor-offline-installer-v1.2.2.tgz 和 docker-compose 文件到 /opt 目录 cd /opt cp docker-compose /usr/local/bin/ chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose tar zxvf harbor-offline-installer-v1.2.2.tgz cd harbor/ vim harbor.cfg 5 hostname = hub.kgc.com 9 ui_url_protocol = https 24 ssl_cert = /data/cert/server.crt 25 ssl_cert_key = /data/cert/server.key 59 harbor_admin_password = Harbor12345 //生成证书 mkdir -p /data/cert cd /data/cert #生成私钥 openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 2048 输入两遍密码：123456 #生成证书签名请求文件 openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr 输入私钥密码：123456 输入国家名：CN 输入省名：BJ 输入市名：BJ 输入组织名：KGC 输入机构名：KGC 输入域名：hub.kgc.com 输入管理员邮箱：admin@kgc.com 其它全部直接回车 #备份私钥 cp server.key server.key.org #清除私钥密码 openssl rsa -in server.key.org -out server.key 输入私钥密码：123456 #签名证书 openssl x509 -req -days 1000 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt chmod +x /data/cert/* cd /opt/harbor/ ./install.sh 浏览器访问：https://hub.kgc.com 用户名：admin 密码：Harbor12345 //在一个node节点上登录harbor docker login -u admin -p Harbor12345 https://hub.kgc.com //上传镜像 docker tag nginx:latest hub.kgc.com/library/nginx:v1 docker push hub.kgc.com/library/nginx:v1 //在master节点上删除之前创建的nginx资源 kubectl delete deployment nginx kubectl run nginx-deployment --image=hub.kgc.com/library/nginx:v1 --port=80 --replicas=3 kubectl expose deployment nginx-deployment --port=30000 --target-port=80 kubectl get svc,pods NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 10m service/nginx-deployment ClusterIP 10.96.222.161 <none> 30000/TCP 3m15s NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE pod/nginx-deployment-77bcbfbfdc-bv5bz 1/1 Running 0 16s pod/nginx-deployment-77bcbfbfdc-fq8wr 1/1 Running 0 16s pod/nginx-deployment-77bcbfbfdc-xrg45 1/1 Running 0 3m39s yum install ipvsadm -y ipvsadm -Ln curl 10.96.222.161:30000 kubectl edit svc nginx-deployment 25 type: NodePort #把调度策略改成NodePort kubectl get svc NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 29m service/nginx-deployment NodePort 10.96.222.161 <none> 30000:32340/TCP 22m 浏览器访问： 192.168.80.10:32340 192.168.80.11:32340 192.168.80.12:32340
内核参数优化方案：
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf <<EOF net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1 net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=0 vm.swappiness=0 #禁止使用 swap 空间，只有当系统内存不足（OOM）时才允许使用它 vm.overcommit_memory=1 #不检查物理内存是否够用 vm.panic_on_oom=0 #开启 OOM fs.inotify.max_user_instances=8192 fs.inotify.max_user_watches=1048576 fs.file-max=52706963 #指定最大文件句柄数 fs.nr_open=52706963 #仅4.4以上版本支持 net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720 EOF
