systemctl 介绍
Systemctl是一个systemd工具，主要负责控制systemd系统和服务管理器。
重要：Systemctl接受服务（.service），挂载点（.mount），套接字（.socket）和设备（.device）作为单位。
systemctl 常用 命令
Systemd的版本
systemd --version
systemd和systemctl的二进制文件和库的安装位置
# whereis systemd systemd: /usr/lib/systemd /etc/systemd /usr/share/systemd /usr/share/man/man1/systemd.1.gz # whereis systemctl systemctl: /usr/bin/systemctl /usr/share/man/man1/systemctl.1.gz
列出所有可用的单位
# systemctl list-unit-files UNIT FILE STATE proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount static dev-hugepages.mount static dev-mqueue.mount static proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.mount static sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount static sys-kernel-config.mount static sys-kernel-debug.mount static tmp.mount disabled brandbot.path disabled .....
列出所有运行单元
# systemctl list-units UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount loaded active waiting Arbitrary Executable File Formats File Syste sys-devices-pc...0-1:0:0:0-block-sr0.device loaded active plugged VBOX_CD-ROM sys-devices-pc...:00:03.0-net-enp0s3.device loaded active plugged PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter sys-devices-pc...00:05.0-sound-card0.device loaded active plugged 82801AA AC'97 Audio Controller sys-devices-pc...:0:0-block-sda-sda1.device loaded active plugged VBOX_HARDDISK sys-devices-pc...:0:0-block-sda-sda2.device loaded active plugged LVM PV Qzyo3l-qYaL-uRUa-Cjuk-pljo-qKtX-VgBQ8 sys-devices-pc...0-2:0:0:0-block-sda.device loaded active plugged VBOX_HARDDISK sys-devices-pl...erial8250-tty-ttyS0.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/platform/serial8250/tty/ttyS0 sys-devices-pl...erial8250-tty-ttyS1.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/platform/serial8250/tty/ttyS1 sys-devices-pl...erial8250-tty-ttyS2.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/platform/serial8250/tty/ttyS2 sys-devices-pl...erial8250-tty-ttyS3.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/platform/serial8250/tty/ttyS3 sys-devices-virtual-block-dm\x2d0.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/block/dm-0 sys-devices-virtual-block-dm\x2d1.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/block/dm-1 sys-module-configfs.device loaded active plugged /sys/module/configfs ...
检查单元是否启用?
1. [root@10 ~]# systemctl is-enabled kubelet 2. enabled
检查单元或服务是否正在运行？
[root@10 ~]# systemctl status kubelet -l ● kubelet.service - kubelet: The Kubernetes Node Agent Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d └─10-kubeadm.conf Active: active (running) since Sat 2019-11-16 02:33:56 CST; 1 weeks 1 days ago Docs: https://kubernetes.io/docs/ Main PID: 566971 (kubelet) Memory: 90.4M CGroup: /system.slice/kubelet.service └─566971 /usr/bin/kubelet --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.conf --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf --config=/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml --cgroup-driver=cgroupfs --network-plugin=cni --pod-infra-container-image=10.10.101.175/k8s-deploy/pause:3.1 --system-reserved=memory=782Mi --system-reserved-cgroup=/system.slice
如何在Linux中启动，重新启动，停止，重新加载和检查服务（httpd.service）的状态
# systemctl start httpd.service # systemctl restart httpd.service # systemctl stop httpd.service # systemctl reload httpd.service # systemctl status httpd.service
如何在引导时激活服务并启用或禁用服务（系统引导时自动启动服务）
# systemctl is-active httpd.service # systemctl enable httpd.service # systemctl disable httpd.service
journalctl
Systemd 统一管理所有 Unit 的启动日志。带来的好处就是，可以只用journalctl一个命令，查看所有日志（内核日志和应用日志）。日志的配置文件是/etc/systemd/journald.conf。
journalctl功能强大，用法非常多。
journalctl 常用命令
# 查看所有日志（默认情况下 ，只保存本次启动的日志）
$ journalctl
# 查看内核日志（不显示应用日志）
$ journalctl -k
# 查看系统本次启动的日志
$ journalctl -b
$ journalctl -b -0
# 查看上一次启动的日志（需更改设置）
$ journalctl -b -1
# 查看指定时间的日志
$ journalctl --since="2012-10-30 18:17:16"
$ journalctl --since "20 min ago"
$ journalctl --since yesterday
$ journalctl --since "2015-01-10" --until "2015-01-11 03:00"
$ journalctl --since 09:00 --until "1 hour ago"
# 显示尾部的最新10行日志
$ journalctl -n
# 显示尾部指定行数的日志
$ journalctl -n 20
# 实时滚动显示最新日志
$ journalctl -f
# 查看指定服务的日志
$ journalctl /usr/lib/systemd/systemd
# 比如查看docker服务的日志
$ systemctl status docker
# 查看指定进程的日志
$ journalctl _PID=1
# 查看某个路径的脚本的日志
$ journalctl /usr/bin/bash
# 查看指定用户的日志
$ journalctl _UID=33 --since today
# 查看某个 Unit 的日志
$ journalctl -u nginx.service
$ journalctl -u nginx.service --since today
# 实时滚动显示某个 Unit 的最新日志
$ journalctl -u nginx.service -f
# 合并显示多个 Unit 的日志
$ journalctl -u nginx.service -u php-fpm.service --since today
# 查看指定优先级（及其以上级别）的日志，共有8级
# 0: emerg
# 1: alert
# 2: crit
# 3: err
# 4: warning
# 5: notice
# 6: info
# 7: debug
$ journalctl -p err -b
# 日志默认分页输出，--no-pager 改为正常的标准输出
$ journalctl --no-pager
# 以 JSON 格式（单行）输出
$ journalctl -b -u nginx.service -o json
# 以 JSON 格式（多行）输出，可读性更好
$ journalctl -b -u nginx.serviceqq -o json-pretty
# 显示日志占据的硬盘空间
$ journalctl --disk-usage
# 指定日志文件占据的最大空间
$ journalctl --vacuum-size=1G
# 指定日志文件保存多久
$ journalctl --vacuum-time=1years
