1)pgrep
pgrep名字前有个p,我们可以猜到这和进程相关,又是grep,当然这是进程相关的grep命令。不过,这个命令主要是用来列举进程ID的。如:
$ pgrep -u hchen 22441 22444
这个命令相当于:
ps -ef | egrep '^hchen' | awk '{print $2}'
2)pstree
这个命令可以以树形的方式列出进程。如下所示:
[hchen@RHELSVR5 ~]$ pstree init-+-acpid |-auditd-+-python | `-{auditd} |-automount---4*[{automount}] |-backup.sh---sleep |-dbus-daemon |-events/0 |-events/1 |-hald---hald-runner---hald-addon-acpi |-httpd---10*[httpd] |-irqbalance |-khelper |-klogd |-ksoftirqd/0 |-ksoftirqd/1 |-kthread-+-aio/0 | |-aio/1 | |-ata/0 | |-ata/1 | |-ata_aux | |-cqueue/0 | |-cqueue/1 | |-kacpid | |-kauditd | |-kblockd/0 | |-kblockd/1 | |-kedac | |-khubd | |-6*[kjournald] | |-kmirrord | |-kpsmoused | |-kseriod | |-kswapd0 | |-2*[pdflush] | |-scsi_eh_0 | |-scsi_eh_1 | |-xenbus | `-xenwatch |-migration/0 |-migration/1 |-6*[mingetty] |-3*[multilog] |-mysqld_safe---mysqld---9*[{mysqld}] |-smartd |-sshd---sshd---sshd---bash---pstree |-svscanboot---svscan-+-3*[supervise---run] | |-supervise---qmail-send-+-qmail-clean | | |-qmail-lspawn | | `-qmail-rspawn | `-2*[supervise---tcpserver] |-syslogd |-udevd |-watchdog/0 |-watchdog/1 `-xinetd
3)bc
这个命令主要是做一个精度比较高的数学运算的。比如开平方根等。下面是一个我们利用bc命令写的一个脚本(文件名:sqrt)
#!/bin/bash if [ $ then echo 'Usage: sqrt number' exit 1 else echo -e "sqrt($1)\nquit\n" | bc -q -i fi
于是,我们可以这样使用这个脚本进行平方根运算:
[hchen@RHELSVR5]$ ./sqrt 36 6 [hchen@RHELSVR5]$ ./sqrt 2.0000 1.4142 [hchen@RHELSVR5]$ ./sqrt 10.0000 3.1622
4)split
如果你有一个很大的文件,你想把其分割成一些小的文件,那么这个命令就是干这件事的了。
[hchen@RHELSVR5 applebak]# ls -l largefile.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 436774774 04-17 02:00 largefile.tar.gz [hchen@RHELSVR5 applebak]# split -b 50m largefile.tar.gz LF_ [hchen@RHELSVR5]# ls -l LF_* -rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:34 LF_aa -rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:34 LF_ab -rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:34 LF_ac -rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:34 LF_ad -rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:34 LF_ae -rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:35 LF_af -rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:35 LF_ag -rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:35 LF_ah -rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 17344374 05-10 18:35 LF_ai
文件合并只需要使用简单的合并就行了,如:
[hchen@RHELSVR5]# cat LF_* >largefile.tar.gz
5)nl
nl命令其它和cat命令很像,只不过它会打上行号。如下所示:
[hchen@RHELSVR5 include]# nl stdio.h | head -n 10 1 /* Define ISO C stdio on top of C++ iostreams. 2 Copyright (C) 1991,1994-2004,2005,2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 3 This file is part of the GNU C Library. 4 The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or 5 modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public 6 License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either 7 version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. 8 The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,