一.说明
SpringSecurity是一个用于Java 企业级应用程序的安全框架,主要包含用户认证和用户授权两个方面.相比较Shiro而言,Security功能更加的强大,它可以很容易地扩展以满足更多安全控制方面的需求,但也相对它的学习成本会更高,两种框架各有利弊.实际开发中还是要根据业务和项目的需求来决定使用哪一种.
JWT是在Web应用中安全传递信息的规范,从本质上来说是Token的演变,是一种生成加密用户身份信息的Token,特别适用于分布式单点登陆的场景,无需在服务端保存用户的认证信息,而是直接对Token进行校验获取用户信息,使单点登录更为简单灵活.
二.项目环境
- SpringBoot版本:2.1.6
- SpringSecurity版本: 5.1.5
- MyBatis-Plus版本: 3.1.0
- JDK版本:1.8
- 数据表(SQL文件在项目中):数据库中测试号的密码进行了加密,密码皆为123456
Maven依赖如下：
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!--Security依赖 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- MybatisPlus 核心库 --> <dependency> <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> </dependency> <!-- 引入阿里数据库连接池 --> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>druid</artifactId> <version>1.1.6</version> </dependency> <!-- StringUtilS工具 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId> <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId> <version>3.5</version> </dependency> <!-- JSON工具 --> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>1.2.45</version> </dependency> <!-- JWT依赖 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId> <artifactId>spring-security-jwt</artifactId> <version>1.0.9.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId> <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId> <version>0.9.0</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
配置如下:
# 配置端口 server: port: 8764 spring: # 配置数据源 datasource: driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/sans_security?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&useSSL=false username: root password: 123456 type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource # JWT配置 jwt: # 密匙KEY secret: JWTSecret # HeaderKEY tokenHeader: Authorization # Token前缀字符 tokenPrefix: Sans- # 过期时间 单位秒 1天后过期=86400 7天后过期=604800 expiration: 86400 # 配置不需要认证的接口 antMatchers: /index,/login/**,/favicon.ico # Mybatis-plus相关配置 mybatis-plus: # xml扫描，多个目录用逗号或者分号分隔（告诉 Mapper 所对应的 XML 文件位置） mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml # 以下配置均有默认值,可以不设置 global-config: db-config: #主键类型 AUTO:"数据库ID自增" INPUT:"用户输入ID",ID_WORKER:"全局唯一ID (数字类型唯一ID)", UUID:"全局唯一ID UUID"; id-type: AUTO #字段策略 IGNORED:"忽略判断" NOT_NULL:"非 NULL 判断") NOT_EMPTY:"非空判断" field-strategy: NOT_EMPTY #数据库类型 db-type: MYSQL configuration: # 是否开启自动驼峰命名规则映射:从数据库列名到Java属性驼峰命名的类似映射 map-underscore-to-camel-case: true # 返回map时true:当查询数据为空时字段返回为null,false:不加这个查询数据为空时，字段将被隐藏 call-setters-on-nulls: true # 这个配置会将执行的sql打印出来，在开发或测试的时候可以用 log-impl: org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl
三.编写项目基础类
Entity,Dao,Service,及等SpringSecurity用户的Entity,Service类等在这里省略,请参考源码
编写JWT工具类
/** * JWT工具类 * @Author Sans * @CreateTime 2019/10/2 7:42 */ @Slf4j public class JWTTokenUtil { /** * 生成Token * @Author Sans * @CreateTime 2019/10/2 12:16 * @Param selfUserEntity 用户安全实体 * @Return Token */ public static String createAccessToken(SelfUserEntity selfUserEntity){ // 登陆成功生成JWT String token = Jwts.builder() // 放入用户名和用户ID .setId(selfUserEntity.getUserId()+"") // 主题 .setSubject(selfUserEntity.getUsername()) // 签发时间 .setIssuedAt(new Date()) // 签发者 .setIssuer("sans") // 自定义属性 放入用户拥有权限 .claim("authorities", JSON.toJSONString(selfUserEntity.getAuthorities())) // 失效时间 .setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + JWTConfig.expiration)) // 签名算法和密钥 .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, JWTConfig.secret) .compact(); return token; } }
编写暂无权限处理类
/** * @Description 暂无权限处理类 * @Author Sans * @CreateTime 2019/10/3 8:39 */ @Component public class UserAuthAccessDeniedHandler implements AccessDeniedHandler{ /** * 暂无权限返回结果 * @Author Sans * @CreateTime 2019/10/3 8:41 */ @Override public void handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AccessDeniedException exception){ ResultUtil.responseJson(response,ResultUtil.resultCode(403,"未授权")); } }
编写用户未登录处理类
/** * 用户未登录处理类 * @Author Sans * @CreateTime 2019/10/3 8:55 */ @Component public class UserAuthenticationEntryPointHandler implements AuthenticationEntryPoint { /** * 用户未登录返回结果 * @Author Sans * @CreateTime 2019/10/3 9:01 */ @Override public void commence(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException exception){ ResultUtil.responseJson(response,ResultUtil.resultCode(401,"未登录")); } }
编写登录失败处理类
/** * @Description 登录失败处理类 * @Author Sans * @CreateTime 2019/10/3 9:06 */ @Slf4j @Component public class UserLoginFailureHandler implements AuthenticationFailureHandler { /** * 登录失败返回结果 * @Author Sans * @CreateTime 2019/10/3 9:12 */ @Override public void onAuthenticationFailure(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException exception){ // 这些对于操作的处理类可以根据不同异常进行不同处理 if (exception instanceof UsernameNotFoundException){ log.info("【登录失败】"+exception.getMessage()); ResultUtil.responseJson(response,ResultUtil.resultCode(500,"用户名不存在")); } if (exception instanceof LockedException){ log.info("【登录失败】"+exception.getMessage()); ResultUtil.responseJson(response,ResultUtil.resultCode(500,"用户被冻结")); } if (exception instanceof BadCredentialsException){ log.info("【登录失败】"+exception.getMessage()); ResultUtil.responseJson(response,ResultUtil.resultCode(500,"用户名密码不正确")); } ResultUtil.responseJson(response,ResultUtil.resultCode(500,"登录失败")); } }
编写登录成功处理类
/** * @Description 登录成功处理类 * @Author Sans * @CreateTime 2019/10/3 9:13 */ @Slf4j @Component public class UserLoginSuccessHandler implements AuthenticationSuccessHandler { /** * 登录成功返回结果 * @Author Sans * @CreateTime 2019/10/3 9:27 */ @Override public void onAuthenticationSuccess(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Authentication authentication){ // 组装JWT SelfUserEntity selfUserEntity = (SelfUserEntity) authentication.getPrincipal(); String token = JWTTokenUtil.createAccessToken(selfUserEntity); token = JWTConfig.tokenPrefix + token; // 封装返回参数 Map<String,Object> resultData = new HashMap<>(); resultData.put("code","200"); resultData.put("msg", "登录成功"); resultData.put("token",token); ResultUtil.responseJson(response,resultData); } }
编写登出成功处理类
/** * 用户登出类 * @Author Sans * @CreateTime 2019/10/3 9:42 */ @Component public class UserLogoutSuccessHandler implements LogoutSuccessHandler { /** * 用户登出返回结果 * 这里应该让前端清除掉Token * @Author Sans * @CreateTime 2019/10/3 9:50 */ @Override public void onLogoutSuccess(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Authentication authentication){ Map<String,Object> resultData = new HashMap<>(); resultData.put("code","200"); resultData.put("msg", "登出成功"); SecurityContextHolder.clearContext(); ResultUtil.responseJson(response,ResultUtil.resultSuccess(resultData)); } }
四.编写Security核心类
编写自定义登录验证类
/** * 自定义登录验证 * @Author Sans * @CreateTime 2019/10/1 19:11 */ @Component public class UserAuthenticationProvider implements AuthenticationProvider { @Autowired private SelfUserDetailsService selfUserDetailsService; @Autowired private SysUserService sysUserService; @Override public Authentication authenticate(Authentication authentication) throws AuthenticationException { // 获取表单输入中返回的用户名 String userName = (String) authentication.getPrincipal(); // 获取表单中输入的密码 String password = (String) authentication.getCredentials(); // 查询用户是否存在 SelfUserEntity userInfo = selfUserDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(userName); if (userInfo == null) { throw new UsernameNotFoundException("用户名不存在"); } // 我们还要判断密码是否正确，这里我们的密码使用BCryptPasswordEncoder进行加密的 if (!new BCryptPasswordEncoder().matches(password, userInfo.getPassword())) { throw new BadCredentialsException("密码不正确"); } // 还可以加一些其他信息的判断，比如用户账号已停用等判断 if (userInfo.getStatus().equals("PROHIBIT")){ throw new LockedException("该用户已被冻结"); } // 角色集合 Set<GrantedAuthority> authorities = new HashSet<>(); // 查询用户角色 List<SysRoleEntity> sysRoleEntityList = sysUserService.selectSysRoleByUserId(userInfo.getUserId()); for (SysRoleEntity sysRoleEntity: sysRoleEntityList){ authorities.add(new SimpleGrantedAuthority("ROLE_" + sysRoleEntity.getRoleName())); } userInfo.setAuthorities(authorities); // 进行登录 return new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(userInfo, password, authorities); } @Override public boolean supports(Class<?> authentication) { return true; } }
编写自定义PermissionEvaluator注解验证
/** * 自定义权限注解验证 * @Author Sans * @CreateTime 2019/10/6 13:31 */ @Component public class UserPermissionEvaluator implements PermissionEvaluator { @Autowired private SysUserService sysUserService; /** * hasPermission鉴权方法 * 这里仅仅判断PreAuthorize注解中的权限表达式 * 实际中可以根据业务需求设计数据库通过targetUrl和permission做更复杂鉴权 * @Author Sans * @CreateTime 2019/10/6 18:25 * @Param authentication 用户身份 * @Param targetUrl 请求路径 * @Param permission 请求路径权限 * @Return boolean 是否通过 */ @Override public boolean hasPermission(Authentication authentication, Object targetUrl, Object permission) { // 获取用户信息 SelfUserEntity selfUserEntity =(SelfUserEntity) authentication.getPrincipal(); // 查询用户权限(这里可以将权限放入缓存中提升效率) Set<String> permissions = new HashSet<>(); List<SysMenuEntity> sysMenuEntityList = sysUserService.selectSysMenuByUserId(selfUserEntity.getUserId()); for (SysMenuEntity sysMenuEntity:sysMenuEntityList) { permissions.add(sysMenuEntity.getPermission()); } // 权限对比 if (permissions.contains(permission.toString())){ return true; } return false; } @Override public boolean hasPermission(Authentication authentication, Serializable targetId, String targetType, Object permission) { return false; } }
编写SpringSecurity核心配置类
/** * SpringSecurity核心配置类 * @Author Sans * @CreateTime 2019/10/1 9:40 */ @Configuration @EnableWebSecurity @EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true) //开启权限注解,默认是关闭的 public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter { /** * 自定义登录成功处理器 */ @Autowired private UserLoginSuccessHandler userLoginSuccessHandler; /** * 自定义登录失败处理器 */ @Autowired private UserLoginFailureHandler userLoginFailureHandler; /** * 自定义注销成功处理器 */ @Autowired private UserLogoutSuccessHandler userLogoutSuccessHandler; /** * 自定义暂无权限处理器 */ @Autowired private UserAuthAccessDeniedHandler userAuthAccessDeniedHandler; /** * 自定义未登录的处理器 */ @Autowired private UserAuthenticationEntryPointHandler userAuthenticationEntryPointHandler; /** * 自定义登录逻辑验证器 */ @Autowired private UserAuthenticationProvider userAuthenticationProvider; /** * 加密方式 * @Author Sans * @CreateTime 2019/10/1 14:00 */ @Bean public BCryptPasswordEncoder bCryptPasswordEncoder(){ return new BCryptPasswordEncoder(); } /** * 注入自定义PermissionEvaluator */ @Bean public DefaultWebSecurityExpressionHandler userSecurityExpressionHandler(){ DefaultWebSecurityExpressionHandler handler = new DefaultWebSecurityExpressionHandler(); handler.setPermissionEvaluator(new UserPermissionEvaluator()); return handler; } /** * 配置登录验证逻辑 */ @Override protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth){ //这里可启用我们自己的登陆验证逻辑 auth.authenticationProvider(userAuthenticationProvider); } /** * 配置security的控制逻辑 * @Author Sans * @CreateTime 2019/10/1 16:56 * @Param http 请求 */ @Override protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { http.authorizeRequests() //不进行权限验证的请求或资源(从配置文件中读取) .antMatchers(JWTConfig.antMatchers.split(",")).permitAll() //其他的需要登陆后才能访问 .anyRequest().authenticated() .and() //配置未登录自定义处理类 .httpBasic().authenticationEntryPoint(userAuthenticationEntryPointHandler) .and() //配置登录地址 .formLogin() .loginProcessingUrl("/login/userLogin") //配置登录成功自定义处理类 .successHandler(userLoginSuccessHandler) //配置登录失败自定义处理类 .failureHandler(userLoginFailureHandler) .and() //配置登出地址 .logout() .logoutUrl("/login/userLogout") //配置用户登出自定义处理类 .logoutSuccessHandler(userLogoutSuccessHandler) .and() //配置没有权限自定义处理类 .exceptionHandling().accessDeniedHandler(userAuthAccessDeniedHandler) .and() // 开启跨域 .cors() .and() // 取消跨站请求伪造防护 .csrf().disable(); // 基于Token不需要session http.sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS); // 禁用缓存 http.headers().cacheControl(); // 添加JWT过滤器 http.addFilter(new JWTAuthenticationTokenFilter(authenticationManager())); } }
五.编写JWT拦截类
编写JWT接口请求校验拦截器
/** * JWT接口请求校验拦截器 * 请求接口时会进入这里验证Token是否合法和过期 * @Author Sans * @CreateTime 2019/10/5 16:41 */ @Slf4j public class JWTAuthenticationTokenFilter extends BasicAuthenticationFilter { public JWTAuthenticationTokenFilter(AuthenticationManager authenticationManager) { super(authenticationManager); } @Override protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException { // 获取请求头中JWT的Token String tokenHeader = request.getHeader(JWTConfig.tokenHeader); if (null!=tokenHeader && tokenHeader.startsWith(JWTConfig.tokenPrefix)) { try { // 截取JWT前缀 String token = tokenHeader.replace(JWTConfig.tokenPrefix, ""); // 解析JWT Claims claims = Jwts.parser() .setSigningKey(JWTConfig.secret) .parseClaimsJws(token) .getBody(); // 获取用户名 String username = claims.getSubject(); String userId=claims.getId(); if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(username)&&!StringUtils.isEmpty(userId)) { // 获取角色 List<GrantedAuthority> authorities = new ArrayList<>(); String authority = claims.get("authorities").toString(); if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(authority)){ List<Map<String,String>> authorityMap = JSONObject.parseObject(authority, List.class); for(Map<String,String> role : authorityMap){ if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(role)) { authorities.add(new SimpleGrantedAuthority(role.get("authority"))); } } } //组装参数 SelfUserEntity selfUserEntity = new SelfUserEntity(); selfUserEntity.setUsername(claims.getSubject()); selfUserEntity.setUserId(Long.parseLong(claims.getId())); selfUserEntity.setAuthorities(authorities); UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(selfUserEntity, userId, authorities); SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication); } } catch (ExpiredJwtException e){ log.info("Token过期"); } catch (Exception e) { log.info("Token无效"); } } filterChain.doFilter(request, response); return; } }
六.权限注解和hasPermission权限扩展
Security允许我们在定义URL方法访问所应有的注解权限时使用SpringEL表达式,在定义所需的访问权限时如果对应的表达式返回结果为true则表示拥有对应的权限,反之则没有权限,会进入到我们配置的UserAuthAccessDeniedHandler(暂无权限处理类)中进行处理.这里举一些例子,代码中注释有对应的描述.
/** * 管理端信息 * @Author Sans * @CreateTime 2019/10/2 14:22 * @Return Map<String,Object> 返回数据MAP */ @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')") @RequestMapping(value = "/info",method = RequestMethod.GET) public Map<String,Object> userLogin(){ Map<String,Object> result = new HashMap<>(); SelfUserEntity userDetails = SecurityUtil.getUserInfo(); result.put("title","管理端信息"); result.put("data",userDetails); return ResultUtil.resultSuccess(result); } /** * 拥有ADMIN或者USER角色可以访问 * @Author Sans * @CreateTime 2019/10/2 14:22 * @Return Map<String,Object> 返回数据MAP */ @PreAuthorize("hasAnyRole('ADMIN','USER')") @RequestMapping(value = "/list",method = RequestMethod.GET) public Map<String,Object> list(){ Map<String,Object> result = new HashMap<>(); List<SysUserEntity> sysUserEntityList = sysUserService.list(); result.put("title","拥有用户或者管理员角色都可以查看"); result.put("data",sysUserEntityList); return ResultUtil.resultSuccess(result); } /** * 拥有ADMIN和USER角色可以访问 * @Author Sans * @CreateTime 2019/10/2 14:22 * @Return Map<String,Object> 返回数据MAP */ @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN') and hasRole('USER')") @RequestMapping(value = "/menuList",method = RequestMethod.GET) public Map<String,Object> menuList(){ Map<String,Object> result = new HashMap<>(); List<SysMenuEntity> sysMenuEntityList = sysMenuService.list(); result.put("title","拥有用户和管理员角色都可以查看"); result.put("data",sysMenuEntityList); return ResultUtil.resultSuccess(result); }
通常情况下使用hasRole和hasAnyRole基本可以满足大部分鉴权需求,但是有时候面对更复杂的场景上述常规表示式无法完成权限认证,Security也为我们提供了解决方案.通过hasPermission()来扩展表达式.使用hasPermission()首先要实现PermissionEvaluator接口
/** * 自定义权限注解验证 * @Author Sans * @CreateTime 2019/10/6 13:31 */ @Component public class UserPermissionEvaluator implements PermissionEvaluator { @Autowired private SysUserService sysUserService; /** * hasPermission鉴权方法 * 这里仅仅判断PreAuthorize注解中的权限表达式 * 实际中可以根据业务需求设计数据库通过targetUrl和permission做更复杂鉴权 * 当然targetUrl不一定是URL可以是数据Id还可以是管理员标识等,这里根据需求自行设计 * @Author Sans * @CreateTime 2019/10/6 18:25 * @Param authentication 用户身份(在使用hasPermission表达式时Authentication参数默认会自动带上) * @Param targetUrl 请求路径 * @Param permission 请求路径权限 * @Return boolean 是否通过 */ @Override public boolean hasPermission(Authentication authentication, Object targetUrl, Object permission) { // 获取用户信息 SelfUserEntity selfUserEntity =(SelfUserEntity) authentication.getPrincipal(); // 查询用户权限(这里可以将权限放入缓存中提升效率) Set<String> permissions = new HashSet<>(); List<SysMenuEntity> sysMenuEntityList = sysUserService.selectSysMenuByUserId(selfUserEntity.getUserId()); for (SysMenuEntity sysMenuEntity:sysMenuEntityList) { permissions.add(sysMenuEntity.getPermission()); } // 权限对比 if (permissions.contains(permission.toString())){ return true; } return false; } @Override public boolean hasPermission(Authentication authentication, Serializable targetId, String targetType, Object permission) { return false; } }
在请求方法上添加hasPermission示例
/** * 拥有sys:user:info权限可以访问 * hasPermission 第一个参数是请求路径 第二个参数是权限表达式 * @Author Sans * @CreateTime 2019/10/2 14:22 * @Return Map<String,Object> 返回数据MAP */ @PreAuthorize("hasPermission('/admin/userList','sys:user:info')") @RequestMapping(value = "/userList",method = RequestMethod.GET) public Map<String,Object> userList(){ Map<String,Object> result = new HashMap<>(); List<SysUserEntity> sysUserEntityList = sysUserService.list(); result.put("title","拥有sys:user:info权限都可以查看"); result.put("data",sysUserEntityList); return ResultUtil.resultSuccess(result); }
hasPermission可以也可以和其他表达式联合使用
/** * 拥有ADMIN角色和sys:role:info权限可以访问 * @Author Sans * @CreateTime 2019/10/2 14:22 * @Return Map<String,Object> 返回数据MAP */ @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN') and hasPermission('/admin/adminRoleList','sys:role:info')") @RequestMapping(value = "/adminRoleList",method = RequestMethod.GET) public Map<String,Object> adminRoleList(){ Map<String,Object> result = new HashMap<>(); List<SysRoleEntity> sysRoleEntityList = sysRoleService.list(); result.put("title","拥有ADMIN角色和sys:role:info权限可以访问"); result.put("data",sysRoleEntityList); return ResultUtil.resultSuccess(result); }
七.测试
创建账户这里用户加密使用了Security推荐的bCryptPasswordEncoder方法
/** * 注册用户 */ @Test public void contextLoads() { // 注册用户 SysUserEntity sysUserEntity = new SysUserEntity(); sysUserEntity.setUsername("sans"); sysUserEntity.setPassword(bCryptPasswordEncoder.encode("123456")); // 设置用户状态 sysUserEntity.setStatus("NORMAL"); sysUserService.save(sysUserEntity); // 分配角色 1:ADMIN 2:USER SysUserRoleEntity sysUserRoleEntity = new SysUserRoleEntity(); sysUserRoleEntity.setRoleId(2L); sysUserRoleEntity.setUserId(sysUserEntity.getUserId()); sysUserRoleService.save(sysUserRoleEntity); }
登录USER角色账号,登录成功后我们会获取到身份认证的Token
访问USER角色的接口,把上一步获取到的Token设置在Headers中,Key为Authorization,我们之前实现的JWTAuthenticationTokenFilter拦截器会根据请求头中的Authorization获取并解析Token
使用USER角色Token访问ADMIN角色的接口,会被拒绝,告知未授权(暂无权限会进入我们定义的UserAuthAccessDeniedHandler这个类进行处理)
更换ADMIN角色进行登录并访问ADMIN接口
