前言介绍
为什么会有路由层?因为在微服务架构设计中,往往并不会直接将服务暴漏给调用端,而是通过调用路由层进行业务隔离,以达到不同的业务调用对应的服务模块。
Spring Cloud Zuul
Spring Cloud Zuul 路由是微服务架构的不可或缺的一部分,提供动态路由、监控、弹性、安全等的边缘服务。Zuul 是 Netflix 出品的一个基于 JVM 路由和服务端的负载均衡器。
微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 & Spring Cloud Zuul
环境准备
- jdk 1.8、idea2018、Maven3
- Spring Boot 2.0.6.RELEASE
- Spring Cloud Finchley.SR2
代码示例
1itstack-demo-springcloud-08 2├── itstack-demo-springcloud-eureka-client 3│ └── src 4│ └── main 5│ ├── java 6│ │ └── org.itstack.demo 7│ │ ├── web 8│ │ │ └── EurekaClientController.java 9│ │ └── EurekaClientApplication.java 10│ └── resources 11│ └── application.yml 12├── itstack-demo-springcloud-eureka-server 13│ └── src 14│ └── main 15│ ├── java 16│ │ └── org.itstack.demo 17│ │ └── EurekaServerApplication.java 18│ └── resources 19│ └── application.yml 20├── itstack-demo-springcloud-hystrix-feign 21│ └── src 22│ └── main 23│ ├── java 24│ │ └── org.itstack.demo 25│ │ ├── service 26│ │ │ ├── hystrix 27│ │ │ │ └── FeignServiceHystrix.java 28│ │ │ └── FeignService.java 29│ │ ├── web 30│ │ │ └── FeignController.java 31│ │ └── FeignApplication.java 32│ └── resources 33│ └── application.yml 34├── itstack-demo-springcloud-hystrix-ribbon 35│ └── src 36│ └── main 37│ ├── java 38│ │ └── org.itstack.demo 39│ │ ├── service 40│ │ │ └── RibbonService.java 41│ │ ├── web 42│ │ │ └── RibbonController.java 43│ │ └── RibbonApplication.java 44│ └── resources 45│ └── application.yml 46└── itstack-demo-springcloud-zuul 47 └── src 48 └── main 49 ├── java 50 │ └── org.itstack.demo 51 │ └── ZuulApplication.java 52 └── resources 53 └── application.yml
itstack-demo-springcloud-eureka-client | 服务提供方
提供一个查询用户信息的简单方法,在配置文件中通过修改端口启动2次,模拟双实例应用,为调用方负载做准备。
web/EurekaClientController.java & 注意@EnableEurekaClient用于向注册中心提供服务
1/** 2 * 微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 | 沉淀、分享、成长,专注于原创专题案例 3 * 论坛:http://bugstack.cn 4 * Create by 付政委 on @2019 5 */ 6@EnableEurekaClient 7@RestController 8public class EurekaClientController { 9 10 @Value("${server.port}") 11 private int port; 12 13 @RequestMapping(path = "/api/queryUserInfo", method = RequestMethod.GET) 14 public String queryUserInfo(@RequestParam String userId) { 15 return "Hi 微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 | " + userId + " >: from eureka client port: " + port; 16 } 17 18}
EurekaClientApplication.java & 服务启动类
1/** 2 * 微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 | 沉淀、分享、成长,专注于原创专题案例 3 * 论坛:http://bugstack.cn 4 * Create by 付政委 on @2019 5 */ 6@SpringBootApplication 7public class EurekaClientApplication { 8 9 public static void main(String[] args) { 10 SpringApplication.run(EurekaClientApplication.class, args); 11 } 12 13}
pom.xml & 配置文件指向注册中心
1server: 2 port: 8001 3 4spring: 5 application: 6 name: itstack-demo-springcloud-eureka-client 7 8eureka: 9 client: 10 serviceUrl: 11 defaultZone: http://localhost:7397/eureka/
itstack-demo-springcloud-eureka-server | 单个服务注册中心
服务注册中心用于承载接口提供方向上注册,同时正在调用方链接后可以获取指定应用的服务实例。
EurekaServerApplication.java & 通过注解@EnableEurekaServer启动服务注册与发现中心
1/** 2 * 微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 | 沉淀、分享、成长,专注于原创专题案例 3 * 论坛:http://bugstack.cn 4 * Create by 付政委 on @2019 5 */ 6@SpringBootApplication 7@EnableEurekaServer 8public class EurekaServerApplication { 9 10 public static void main(String[] args) { 11 SpringApplication.run( EurekaServerApplication.class, args ); 12 } 13 14}
pom.xml & 服务注册中心
1server: 2 port: 7397 3 4eureka: 5 instance: 6 hostname: localhost 7 client: 8 registerWithEureka: false 9 fetchRegistry: false 10 serviceUrl: 11 defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/ 12 13spring: 14 application: 15 name: itstack-demo-springcloud-eureka-server
itstack-demo-springcloud-feign | Feign服务调用方
Feign 是一个声明式的 Web Service 客户端,它的目的就是让 Web Service 调用更加简单。它整合了 Ribbon 和 Hystrix,从而让我们不再需要显式地使用这两个组件。Feign 还提供了 HTTP 请求的模板,通过编写简单的接口和插入注解,我们就可以定义好 HTTP 请求的参数、格式、地址等信息。接下来,Feign 会完全代理 HTTP 的请求,我们只需要像调用方法一样调用它就可以完成服务请求。
Feign 具有如下特性:
可插拔的注解支持,包括 Feign 注解和 JAX-RS 注解
支持可插拔的 HTTP 编码器和解码器
支持 Hystrix 和它的 Fallback
支持 Ribbon 的负载均衡
支持 HTTP 请求和响应的压缩
service/FeignService.java | 注解方式调用,方便易用。@FeignClient会在调用时进行解析服务到具体的http://ip:port/
1/** 2 * 微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 | 沉淀、分享、成长,专注于原创专题案例 3 * 论坛:http://bugstack.cn 4 * Create by 付政委 on @2019 5 */ 6@FeignClient(value = "itstack-demo-springcloud-eureka-client", fallback = FeignServiceHystrix.class) 7public interface FeignService { 8 9 @RequestMapping(value = "/api/queryUserInfo", method = RequestMethod.GET) 10 String queryUserInfo(@RequestParam String userId); 11 12}
service/hystrix/FeignServiceHystrix.java | 提供熔断服务,当发生异常时主动返回预定结果
1/** 2 * 微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 | 沉淀、分享、成长,专注于原创专题案例 3 * 论坛:http://bugstack.cn 4 * Create by 付政委 on @2019 5 */ 6@Component 7public class FeignServiceHystrix implements FeignService { 8 9 @Override 10 public String queryUserInfo(String userId) { 11 return "queryUserInfo by userId:" + userId + " err!from feign hystrix"; 12 } 13 14}
web/FeignController.java | 使用接口提供服务 From Feign
1/** 2 * 微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 | 沉淀、分享、成长,专注于原创专题案例 3 * 论坛:http://bugstack.cn 4 * Create by 付政委 on @2019 5 */ 6@RestController 7public class FeignController { 8 9 @Resource 10 private FeignService ribbonService; 11 12 @RequestMapping(path = "/api/queryUserInfo", method = RequestMethod.GET) 13 public String queryUserInfo(@RequestParam String userId) { 14 return ribbonService.queryUserInfo(userId) + " From Feign"; 15 } 16 17}
FeignApplication.java | 注解@EnableEurekaClient、@EnableFeignClients、@EnableDiscoveryClient获取调用注册中心服务
1/** 2 * 微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 | 沉淀、分享、成长,专注于原创专题案例 3 * 论坛:http://bugstack.cn 4 * Create by 付政委 on @2019 5 */ 6@SpringBootApplication 7@EnableEurekaClient 8@EnableDiscoveryClient 9@EnableFeignClients 10@EnableHystrix 11public class FeignApplication { 12 13 public static void main(String[] args) { 14 SpringApplication.run(FeignApplication.class, args); 15 } 16 17}
application.yml | eureka服务配置,从注册中心获取可用服务。开启hystrix=true
1server: 2 port: 9001 3 4spring: 5 application: 6 name: itstack-demo-springcloud-feign 7 8eureka: 9 client: 10 serviceUrl: 11 defaultZone: http://localhost:7397/eureka/ 12 13feign.hystrix.enabled: true
itstack-demo-springcloud-ribbon | Ribbon服务调用方
Ribbon是一个基于 HTTP 和 TCP 的客户端负载均衡器。它可以通过在客户端中配置 ribbonServerList 来设置服务端列表去轮询访问以达到均衡负载的作用。
当 Ribbon 与 Eureka 联合使用时,ribbonServerList 会被 DiscoveryEnabledNIWSServerList 重写,扩展成从 Eureka 注册中心中获取服务实例列表。同时它也会用 NIWSDiscoveryPing 来取代 IPing,它将职责委托给 Eureka 来确定服务端是否已经启动。
service/RibbonService.java | 接口式硬编码调用不太易于维护,因此也是比较少用的方式。hystrix实际通过getFallback()返回熔断结果
1/** 2 * 微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 | 沉淀、分享、成长,专注于原创专题案例 3 * 论坛:http://bugstack.cn 4 * Create by 付政委 on @2019 5 */ 6@Service 7public class RibbonService { 8 9 @Autowired 10 private RestTemplate restTemplate; 11 12 @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "queryUserInfoFallback") 13 public String queryUserInfo(String userId) { 14 return restTemplate.getForObject("http://ITSTACK-DEMO-SPRINGCLOUD-EUREKA-CLIENT/api/queryUserInfo?userId=" + userId, String.class); 15 } 16 17 /** 18 * Specifies a method to process fallback logic. 19 * A fallback method should be defined in the same class where is HystrixCommand. 20 * Also a fallback method should have same signature to a method which was invoked as hystrix command. 21 * for example: 22 * <code> 23 * @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "getByIdFallback") 24 * public String getById(String id) {...} 25 * 26 * private String getByIdFallback(String id) {...} 27 * </code> 28 * Also a fallback method can be annotated with {@link HystrixCommand} 29 * <p/> 30 * default => see {@link com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.command.GenericCommand#getFallback()} 31 * 32 * @return method name 33 * 34 * getFallback() 35 * 36 * @Override 37 * protected Object getFallback() { 38 * final CommandAction commandAction = getFallbackAction(); 39 * if (commandAction != null) { 40 * try { 41 * return process(new Action() { 42 * @Override 43 * Object execute() { 44 * MetaHolder metaHolder = commandAction.getMetaHolder(); 45 * Object[] args = createArgsForFallback(metaHolder, getExecutionException()); 46 * return commandAction.executeWithArgs(metaHolder.getFallbackExecutionType(), args); 47 * } 48 * }); 49 * } catch (Throwable e) { 50 * LOGGER.error(FallbackErrorMessageBuilder.create() 51 * .append(commandAction, e).build()); 52 * throw new FallbackInvocationException(unwrapCause(e)); 53 * } 54 * } else { 55 * return super.getFallback(); 56 * } 57 * } 58 */ 59 public String queryUserInfoFallback(String userId) { 60 return "queryUserInfo by userId:" + userId + " err!from ribbon hystrix"; 61 } 62 63}
web/RibbonController.java | 使用接口提供服务 From Ribbon
1/** 2 * 微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 | 沉淀、分享、成长,专注于原创专题案例 3 * 论坛:http://bugstack.cn 4 * Create by 付政委 on @2019 5 */ 6@RestController 7public class RibbonController { 8 9 @Resource 10 private RibbonService ribbonService; 11 12 @RequestMapping(path = "/api/queryUserInfo", method = RequestMethod.GET) 13 public String queryUserInfo(@RequestParam String userId) { 14 return ribbonService.queryUserInfo(userId) + " From Ribbon"; 15 } 16 17}
RibbonApplication.java | 通过注解@LoadBalanced注册rest模版,用于Ribbon接口调用。并启动@EnableHystrix
1/** 2 * 微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 | 沉淀、分享、成长,专注于原创专题案例 3 * 论坛:http://bugstack.cn 4 * Create by 付政委 on @2019 5 */ 6@SpringBootApplication 7@EnableEurekaClient 8@EnableDiscoveryClient 9@EnableHystrix 10public class RibbonApplication { 11 12 public static void main(String[] args) { 13 SpringApplication.run(RibbonApplication.class, args); 14 } 15 16 @Bean 17 @LoadBalanced 18 RestTemplate restTemplate() { 19 return new RestTemplate(); 20 } 21 22}
application.yml | eureka服务配置,从注册中心获取可用服务
1server: 2 port: 9002 3 4spring: 5 application: 6 name: itstack-demo-springcloud-ribbon 7 8eureka: 9 client: 10 serviceUrl: 11 defaultZone: http://localhost:7397/eureka/
itstack-demo-springcloud-zuul | Zull路由层
Spring Cloud Zuul 路由是微服务架构的不可或缺的一部分,提供动态路由、监控、弹性、安全等的边缘服务。Zuul 是 Netflix 出品的一个基于 JVM 路由和服务端的负载均衡器。
ZuulApplication.java & 路由服务启动
1/** 2 * 微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 | 专注原创技术专题案例 3 * 论坛:http://bugstack.cn 4 * Create by 付政委 on @2019 5 */ 6@SpringBootApplication 7@EnableZuulProxy 8@EnableEurekaClient 9@EnableDiscoveryClient 10public class ZuulApplication { 11 12 public static void main(String[] args) { 13 SpringApplication.run(ZuulApplication.class, args); 14 } 15 16}
pom.mxl & 路由配置
1server: 2 port: 10001 3 4spring: 5 application: 6 name: itstack-demo-ddd-zuul 7 8eureka: 9 client: 10 serviceUrl: 11 defaultZone: http://localhost:7397/eureka/ 12 13# http://localhost:10001/route-a/api/queryUserInfo?userId=111 14# http://localhost:10001/route-b/api/queryUserInfo?userId=111 15zuul: 16 routes: 17 api-a: 18 path: /route-a/** 19 serviceId: itstack-demo-springcloud-feign 20 api-b: 21 path: /route-b/** 22 serviceId: itstack-demo-springcloud-ribbon 23
测试验证
- 分别启动如下系统模拟;
- itstack-demo-springcloud-eureka-server 服务注册发现中心
- itstack-demo-springcloud-eureka-client 测试接口提供方
- itstack-demo-springcloud-hystrix-feign 接口调用方Feign
- itstack-demo-springcloud-hystrix-ribbon 接口调用方Ribbon
- itstack-demo-springcloud-zuul 路由服务
- 测试接口
- 访问Feign、Ribbon接口,验证服务是否可用;http://localhost:9001/api/queryUserInfo?userId=111、http://localhost:9002/api/queryUserInfo?userId=111
- 访问路由接口A;http://localhost:10001/route-a/api/queryUserInfo?userId=111
- 访问路由接口B;http://localhost:10001/route-b/api/queryUserInfo?userId=111
>Hi 微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 | 111 >: from eureka client port: 8001 From Ribbon
综上总结
- zuul目前SpringCloud结合的是zuul 1, Netflix 已经发布了 Zuul 2但目前还未整合
- SpringCloud还有自己的网关服务;Spring Cloud Gateway
- 通过最上层的路由功能可以很方便的隔离业务,但是路由层一定是高可用的,否则路由瘫痪整个服务将不可用