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JNI 调试技术

2021-12-27 378
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简介： 如果你像我一样是一个 Java 程序员，并且经常进行 JNI 代码的开发，那么你一定也体会到了调试 JNI 代码的困难，比如有一天突然程序意外崩溃了，我们很难搞清楚它到底是因为什么崩溃的。接下来我要介绍的这几个技术，可以帮助我们快速的解决上述问题。

引言

如果你像我一样是一个 Java 程序员，并且经常进行 JNI 代码的开发，那么你一定也体会到了调试 JNI 代码的困难，比如有一天突然程序意外崩溃了，我们很难搞清楚它到底是因为什么崩溃的。接下来我要介绍的这几个技术，可以帮助我们快速的解决上述问题。

解读 hs_err_pid 文件

如果 JVM 在执行 native c++ 代码（JNI）的时候崩溃了，一般来说 JVM 会将错误报告写到一个文件中，在 Linux 平台上这个文件形如 /tmp/jvm-8666/hs_error.log, 而在 Mac 平台上，它的文件名类似于 hs_err_pid76448.log，一般存放在 Java 进程的工作目录。

hs_err_pid 文件的内容可能如下所示：

#
# A fatal error has been detected by the Java Runtime Environment:
#
#  SIGSEGV (0xb) at pc=0x00007fff87283132, pid=76448, tid=5891
#
# JRE version: Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (7.0_80-b15) (build 1.7.0_80-b15)
# Java VM: Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (24.80-b11 mixed mode bsd-amd64 compressed oops)
# Problematic frame:
# C  [libsystem_c.dylib+0x1132]  strlen+0x12
#
# Failed to write core dump. Core dumps have been disabled. To enable core dumping, try "ulimit -c unlimited" before starting Java again
#
# If you would like to submit a bug report, please visit:
#   http://bugreport.java.com/bugreport/crash.jsp
# The crash happened outside the Java Virtual Machine in native code.
# See problematic frame for where to report the bug.
#

---------------  T H R E A D  ---------------

Current thread (0x00007fc3c2007800):  JavaThread "main" [_thread_in_native, id=5891, stack(0x000070000011a000,0x000070000021a000)]

siginfo:si_signo=SIGSEGV: si_errno=0, si_code=1 (SEGV_MAPERR), si_addr=0x00000000fffffff0

Registers:
RAX=0x00000000ffffffff, RBX=0x00000000ffffffff, RCX=0x00000000ffffffff, RDX=0x00000000ffffffff
RSP=0x0000700000216450, RBP=0x0000700000216450, RSI=0x0000000000000007, RDI=0x00000000fffffff0
R8 =0x00000000fffffffc, R9 =0x00007fc3c143f8e8, R10=0x00000000ffffffff, R11=0x0000000102ac7f40
R12=0x00007fc3c288a600, R13=0x00007fc3c1442bf8, R14=0x00007fc3c288a638, R15=0x00007fc3c288a638
RIP=0x00007fff87283132, EFLAGS=0x0000000000010206, ERR=0x0000000000000004
  TRAPNO=0x000000000000000e

Top of Stack: (sp=0x0000700000216450)
0x0000700000216450:   0000700000216490 0000000112bb538a
0x0000700000216460:   0000000000000000 0000000000000000
0x0000700000216470:   0000000000000000 00007fc3c289c800
0x0000700000216480:   00007fc3c288a638 00007fc3c143c0e8
0x0000700000216490:   00007000002166f0 0000000112bcd82c
0x00007000002164a0:   303733312e34333a 00007fc3c288a608
0x00007000002164b0:   0000700000216ca8 697265766f636552
0x00007000002164c0:   206d6f726620676e 74736566696e616d
0x00007000002164d0:   4d203a656c696620 2d54534546494e41
0x00007000002164e0:   00007fc3c289c800 00007fc3c143a870
0x00007000002164f0:   0000000000000060 00007fc3c1530e40
0x0000700000216500:   00007fc300000006 0000000100c2d000
0x0000700000216510:   00007fc3c1500000 0000700000216df0
0x0000700000216520:   0000700000216550 0000700000216df8
0x0000700000216530:   0000700000216e00 00007fc3c28d7000
0x0000700000216540:   0000000100c30a00 0000000000000006
0x0000700000216550:   0000700000216590 00007fff91b94154
0x0000700000216560:   00007fc3c28a6808 0000000000000004
0x0000700000216570:   0000000100c47a00 0000000100c2d000
0x0000700000216580:   0000000100c48e00 0000000000001400
0x0000700000216590:   0000700000216680 00007fff91b90ee5
0x00007000002165a0:   0000000000000001 00007fc3c1530e46
0x00007000002165b0:   00007000002166a0 00007fff91b90a26
0x00007000002165c0:   0000000000001400 0000000100c30a00
0x00007000002165d0:   00007000002166c0 00007fff91b90a26
0x00007000002165e0:   00007fc3c28a6808 0000000000000006
0x00007000002165f0:   0000000100c47a00 0000000100c2d000
0x0000700000216600:   0000000000001400 0000000100c30a00
0x0000700000216610:   0000700000216700 00000000000006e8
0x0000700000216620:   0000000000001002 0000000000c31e00
0x0000700000216630:   0000000000001002 0000000100c48e00
0x0000700000216640:   ff80000000001002 00000000c153ffff

Instructions: (pc=0x00007fff87283132)
0x00007fff87283112:   0e 01 f3 0f 7f 44 0f 01 5d c3 90 90 90 90 55 48
0x00007fff87283122:   89 e5 48 89 f9 48 89 fa 48 83 e7 f0 66 0f ef c0
0x00007fff87283132:   66 0f 74 07 66 0f d7 f0 48 83 e1 0f 48 83 c8 ff
0x00007fff87283142:   48 d3 e0 21 c6 74 17 0f bc c6 48 29 d7 48 01 f8

Register to memory mapping:

RAX=0x00000000ffffffff is an unknown value
RBX=0x00000000ffffffff is an unknown value
RCX=0x00000000ffffffff is an unknown value
RDX=0x00000000ffffffff is an unknown value
RSP=0x0000700000216450 is pointing into the stack for thread: 0x00007fc3c2007800
RBP=0x0000700000216450 is pointing into the stack for thread: 0x00007fc3c2007800
RSI=0x0000000000000007 is an unknown value
RDI=0x00000000fffffff0 is an unknown value
R8 =0x00000000fffffffc is an unknown value
R9 =0x00007fc3c143f8e8 is an unknown value
R10=0x00000000ffffffff is an unknown value
R11=0x0000000102ac7f40 is at entry_point+0 in (nmethod*)0x0000000102ac7e10
R12=0x00007fc3c288a600 is an unknown value
R13=0x00007fc3c1442bf8 is an unknown value
R14=0x00007fc3c288a638 is an unknown value
R15=0x00007fc3c288a638 is an unknown value


Stack: [0x000070000011a000,0x000070000021a000],  sp=0x0000700000216450,  free space=1009k
Native frames: (J=compiled Java code, j=interpreted, Vv=VM code, C=native code)
C  [libsystem_c.dylib+0x1132]  strlen+0x12
C  [librocksdbjni-osx.jnilib+0x1c38a]  rocksdb::InternalKeyComparator::InternalKeyComparator(rocksdb::Comparator const*)+0x4a
C  [librocksdbjni-osx.jnilib+0x3482c]  rocksdb::ColumnFamilyData::ColumnFamilyData(unsigned int, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, rocksdb::Version*, rocksdb::Cache*, rocksdb::WriteBufferManager*, rocksdb::ColumnFamilyOptions const&, rocksdb::DBOptions const*, rocksdb::EnvOptions const&, rocksdb::ColumnFamilySet*)+0x7c
C  [librocksdbjni-osx.jnilib+0x382dd]  rocksdb::ColumnFamilySet::CreateColumnFamily(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, unsigned int, rocksdb::Version*, rocksdb::ColumnFamilyOptions const&)+0x7d
C  [librocksdbjni-osx.jnilib+0x12ca6f]  rocksdb::VersionSet::CreateColumnFamily(rocksdb::ColumnFamilyOptions const&, rocksdb::VersionEdit*)+0xaf
C  [librocksdbjni-osx.jnilib+0x12d831]  rocksdb::VersionSet::Recover(std::__1::vector<rocksdb::ColumnFamilyDescriptor, std::__1::allocator<rocksdb::ColumnFamilyDescriptor> > const&, bool)+0xc51
C  [librocksdbjni-osx.jnilib+0x80df4]  rocksdb::DBImpl::Recover(std::__1::vector<rocksdb::ColumnFamilyDescriptor, std::__1::allocator<rocksdb::ColumnFamilyDescriptor> > const&, bool, bool, bool)+0x244
C  [librocksdbjni-osx.jnilib+0x9c0aa]  rocksdb::DB::Open(rocksdb::DBOptions const&, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, std::__1::vector<rocksdb::ColumnFamilyDescriptor, std::__1::allocator<rocksdb::ColumnFamilyDescriptor> > const&, std::__1::vector<rocksdb::ColumnFamilyHandle*, std::__1::allocator<rocksdb::ColumnFamilyHandle*> >*, rocksdb::DB**)+0xb0a
C  [librocksdbjni-osx.jnilib+0x9b138]  rocksdb::DB::Open(rocksdb::Options const&, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, rocksdb::DB**)+0x448
C  [librocksdbjni-osx.jnilib+0x1234c]  std::__1::__function::__func<rocksdb::Status (*)(rocksdb::Options const&, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, rocksdb::DB**), std::__1::allocator<rocksdb::Status (*)(rocksdb::Options const&, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, rocksdb::DB**)>, rocksdb::Status (rocksdb::Options const&, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, rocksdb::DB**)>::operator()(rocksdb::Options const&, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, rocksdb::DB**&&)+0x1c
C  [librocksdbjni-osx.jnilib+0xd84b]  rocksdb_open_helper(JNIEnv_*, long, _jstring*, std::__1::function<rocksdb::Status (rocksdb::Options const&, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, rocksdb::DB**)>)+0x8b
C  [librocksdbjni-osx.jnilib+0xd9ab]  Java_org_rocksdb_RocksDB_open__JLjava_lang_String_2+0x4b
j  org.rocksdb.RocksDB.open(JLjava/lang/String;)J+0
j  org.rocksdb.RocksDB.open(Lorg/rocksdb/Options;Ljava/lang/String;)Lorg/rocksdb/RocksDB;+9
j  org.rocksdb.util.BytewiseComparatorTest.openDatabase(Ljava/nio/file/Path;Lorg/rocksdb/AbstractComparator;)Lorg/rocksdb/RocksDB;+28
j  org.rocksdb.util.BytewiseComparatorTest.java_vs_java_directBytewiseComparator()V+37
v  ~StubRoutines::call_stub
V  [libjvm.dylib+0x2dc898]  JavaCalls::call_helper(JavaValue*, methodHandle*, JavaCallArguments*, Thread*)+0x22a
V  [libjvm.dylib+0x2dc668]  JavaCalls::call(JavaValue*, methodHandle, JavaCallArguments*, Thread*)+0x28
V  [libjvm.dylib+0x468428]  Reflection::invoke(instanceKlassHandle, methodHandle, Handle, bool, objArrayHandle, BasicType, objArrayHandle, bool, Thread*)+0x9fc
V  [libjvm.dylib+0x46888e]  Reflection::invoke_method(oopDesc*, Handle, objArrayHandle, Thread*)+0x16e
V  [libjvm.dylib+0x329247]  JVM_InvokeMethod+0x166
j  sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Ljava/lang/reflect/Method;Ljava/lang/Object;[Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;+0
j  sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Ljava/lang/Object;[Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;+87
j  sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Ljava/lang/Object;[Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;+6
j  java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Ljava/lang/Object;[Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;+57
j  org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall()Ljava/lang/Object;+15
j  org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run()Ljava/lang/Object;+1
j  org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(Ljava/lang/Object;[Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;+10
j  org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate()V+12
j  org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(Lorg/junit/runners/model/Statement;Lorg/junit/runner/Description;Lorg/junit/runner/notification/RunNotifier;)V+17
j  org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(Lorg/junit/runners/model/FrameworkMethod;Lorg/junit/runner/notification/RunNotifier;)V+30
j  org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(Ljava/lang/Object;Lorg/junit/runner/notification/RunNotifier;)V+6
j  org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run()V+12
j  org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(Ljava/lang/Runnable;)V+1
j  org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(Lorg/junit/runner/notification/RunNotifier;)V+44
j  org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(Lorg/junit/runners/ParentRunner;Lorg/junit/runner/notification/RunNotifier;)V+2
j  org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate()V+8
j  org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(Lorg/junit/runner/notification/RunNotifier;)V+20
j  org.junit.runners.Suite.runChild(Lorg/junit/runner/Runner;Lorg/junit/runner/notification/RunNotifier;)V+2
j  org.junit.runners.Suite.runChild(Ljava/lang/Object;Lorg/junit/runner/notification/RunNotifier;)V+6
j  org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run()V+12
j  org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(Ljava/lang/Runnable;)V+1
j  org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(Lorg/junit/runner/notification/RunNotifier;)V+44
j  org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(Lorg/junit/runners/ParentRunner;Lorg/junit/runner/notification/RunNotifier;)V+2
j  org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate()V+8
j  org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(Lorg/junit/runner/notification/RunNotifier;)V+20
j  org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(Lorg/junit/runner/Runner;)Lorg/junit/runner/Result;+37
j  org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(Lorg/junit/runner/Request;)Lorg/junit/runner/Result;+5
j  org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(Lorg/junit/runner/Computer;[Ljava/lang/Class;)Lorg/junit/runner/Result;+6
j  org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run([Ljava/lang/Class;)Lorg/junit/runner/Result;+5
j  org.rocksdb.test.RocksJunitRunner.main([Ljava/lang/String;)V+93
v  ~StubRoutines::call_stub
V  [libjvm.dylib+0x2dc898]  JavaCalls::call_helper(JavaValue*, methodHandle*, JavaCallArguments*, Thread*)+0x22a
V  [libjvm.dylib+0x2dc668]  JavaCalls::call(JavaValue*, methodHandle, JavaCallArguments*, Thread*)+0x28
V  [libjvm.dylib+0x31004e]  jni_invoke_static(JNIEnv_*, JavaValue*, _jobject*, JNICallType, _jmethodID*, JNI_ArgumentPusher*, Thread*)+0xe6
V  [libjvm.dylib+0x3092d5]  jni_CallStaticVoidMethodV+0x9c
V  [libjvm.dylib+0x31c28e]  checked_jni_CallStaticVoidMethod+0x16f
C  [java+0x30fe]  JavaMain+0x91d
C  [libsystem_pthread.dylib+0x399d]  _pthread_body+0x83
C  [libsystem_pthread.dylib+0x391a]  _pthread_body+0x0
C  [libsystem_pthread.dylib+0x1351]  thread_start+0xd

Java frames: (J=compiled Java code, j=interpreted, Vv=VM code)
j  org.rocksdb.RocksDB.open(JLjava/lang/String;)J+0
j  org.rocksdb.RocksDB.open(Lorg/rocksdb/Options;Ljava/lang/String;)Lorg/rocksdb/RocksDB;+9
j  org.rocksdb.util.BytewiseComparatorTest.openDatabase(Ljava/nio/file/Path;Lorg/rocksdb/AbstractComparator;)Lorg/rocksdb/RocksDB;+28
j  org.rocksdb.util.BytewiseComparatorTest.java_vs_java_directBytewiseComparator()V+37
v  ~StubRoutines::call_stub
j  sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Ljava/lang/reflect/Method;Ljava/lang/Object;[Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;+0
j  sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Ljava/lang/Object;[Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;+87
j  sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Ljava/lang/Object;[Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;+6
j  java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Ljava/lang/Object;[Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;+57
j  org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall()Ljava/lang/Object;+15
j  org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run()Ljava/lang/Object;+1
j  org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(Ljava/lang/Object;[Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;+10
j  org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate()V+12
j  org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(Lorg/junit/runners/model/Statement;Lorg/junit/runner/Description;Lorg/junit/runner/notification/RunNotifier;)V+17
j  org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(Lorg/junit/runners/model/FrameworkMethod;Lorg/junit/runner/notification/RunNotifier;)V+30
j  org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(Ljava/lang/Object;Lorg/junit/runner/notification/RunNotifier;)V+6
j  org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run()V+12
j  org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(Ljava/lang/Runnable;)V+1
j  org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(Lorg/junit/runner/notification/RunNotifier;)V+44
j  org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(Lorg/junit/runners/ParentRunner;Lorg/junit/runner/notification/RunNotifier;)V+2
j  org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate()V+8
j  org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(Lorg/junit/runner/notification/RunNotifier;)V+20
j  org.junit.runners.Suite.runChild(Lorg/junit/runner/Runner;Lorg/junit/runner/notification/RunNotifier;)V+2
j  org.junit.runners.Suite.runChild(Ljava/lang/Object;Lorg/junit/runner/notification/RunNotifier;)V+6
j  org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run()V+12
j  org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(Ljava/lang/Runnable;)V+1
j  org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(Lorg/junit/runner/notification/RunNotifier;)V+44
j  org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(Lorg/junit/runners/ParentRunner;Lorg/junit/runner/notification/RunNotifier;)V+2
j  org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate()V+8
j  org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(Lorg/junit/runner/notification/RunNotifier;)V+20
j  org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(Lorg/junit/runner/Runner;)Lorg/junit/runner/Result;+37
j  org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(Lorg/junit/runner/Request;)Lorg/junit/runner/Result;+5
j  org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(Lorg/junit/runner/Computer;[Ljava/lang/Class;)Lorg/junit/runner/Result;+6
j  org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run([Ljava/lang/Class;)Lorg/junit/runner/Result;+5
j  org.rocksdb.test.RocksJunitRunner.main([Ljava/lang/String;)V+93
v  ~StubRoutines::call_stub

---------------  P R O C E S S  ---------------

... truncated for brevity!

在上述文件中，最重要的信息莫过于栈帧的信息，就拿下列的栈帧为例：

C  [librocksdbjni-osx.jnilib+0x1c38a]  rocksdb::InternalKeyComparator::InternalKeyComparator(rocksdb::Comparator const*)+0x4a

从这个栈帧中，我们可以看出崩溃发生在 InternalKeyComparator 函数中，但是我们怎么通过这个信息反推出崩溃发生在源文件的第几行呢？

很显然，我们得通过栈帧中的偏移地址信息(注意栈帧最前面的 0x1c38a 就是偏移地址)反推其对应的代码行号。

在 Mac 平台上，我们可以这样进行反推：

atos -o java/target/librocksdbjni-osx.jnilib 0x1c38a
#ava_org_rocksdb_Logger_setInfoLogLevel (in librocksdbjni-osx.jnilib) (loggerjnicallback.cc:152)

当然，在 Linux 我们也可以做到这件事：

addr2line -e java/target/librocksjni-linux64.so 0x1c38a

ASAN

ASAN (Google Address Sanitizer), 它是一个内存错误检查器，可以编译到我们的代码中，在运行时，它会报告内存问题。

要想使用 ASAN 你需要修改一下编译参数：

# ASAN doesn't work well with jemalloc. If we're compiling with ASAN, we should use regular malloc.
DISABLE_JEMALLOC=1
EXEC_LDFLAGS += -fsanitize=address
PLATFORM_CCFLAGS += -fsanitize=address
PLATFORM_CXXFLAGS += -fsanitize=address

值得一提的是，如果在 Mac 平台上出现了下述错误信息：

==20705==ERROR: Interceptors are not working. This may be because AddressSanitizer is loaded too late (e.g. via dlopen). Please launch the executable with:
DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/lib/clang/8.1.0/lib/darwin/libclang_rt.asan_osx_dynamic.dylib
"interceptors not installed" && 0

那么你需要先执行下列命令：

export DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/lib/clang/8.1.0/lib/darwin/libclang_rt.asan_osx_dynamic.dylib

如果 ASAN 发现了问题，你会看到类似如下的错误信息：

Run: org.rocksdb.BackupableDBOptionsTest testing now -> destroyOldData
Run: org.rocksdb.BackupEngineTest testing now -> deleteBackup
=================================================================
==80632==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: unknown-crash on address 0x7fd93940d6e8 at pc 0x00011cebe075 bp 0x70000020ffe0 sp 0x70000020ffd8
WRITE of size 8 at 0x7fd93940d6e8 thread T0
    #0 0x11cebe074 in rocksdb::PosixLogger::PosixLogger(__sFILE*, unsigned long long (*)(), rocksdb::Env*, rocksdb::InfoLogLevel) posix_logger.h:47
    #1 0x11cebc847 in rocksdb::PosixLogger::PosixLogger(__sFILE*, unsigned long long (*)(), rocksdb::Env*, rocksdb::InfoLogLevel) posix_logger.h:53
    #2 0x11ce9888c in rocksdb::(anonymous namespace)::PosixEnv::NewLogger(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, std::__1::shared_ptr<rocksdb::Logger>*) env_posix.cc:574
    #3 0x11c09a3e3 in rocksdb::CreateLoggerFromOptions(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, rocksdb::DBOptions const&, std::__1::shared_ptr<rocksdb::Logger>*) auto_roll_logger.cc:166
    #4 0x11c3a8a55 in rocksdb::SanitizeOptions(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, rocksdb::DBOptions const&) db_impl.cc:143
    #5 0x11c3ac2f3 in rocksdb::DBImpl::DBImpl(rocksdb::DBOptions const&, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&) db_impl.cc:307
    #6 0x11c3b38b4 in rocksdb::DBImpl::DBImpl(rocksdb::DBOptions const&, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&) db_impl.cc:350
    #7 0x11c4497bc in rocksdb::DB::Open(rocksdb::DBOptions const&, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, std::__1::vector<rocksdb::ColumnFamilyDescriptor, std::__1::allocator<rocksdb::ColumnFamilyDescriptor> > const&, std::__1::vector<rocksdb::ColumnFamilyHandle*, std::__1::allocator<rocksdb::ColumnFamilyHandle*> >*, rocksdb::DB**) db_impl.cc:5665
    #8 0x11c447b74 in rocksdb::DB::Open(rocksdb::Options const&, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, rocksdb::DB**) db_impl.cc:5633
    #9 0x11bff8ca4 in rocksdb::Status std::__1::__invoke_void_return_wrapper<rocksdb::Status>::__call<rocksdb::Status (*&)(rocksdb::Options const&, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, rocksdb::DB**), rocksdb::Options const&, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, rocksdb::DB**>(rocksdb::Status (*&&&)(rocksdb::Options const&, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, rocksdb::DB**), rocksdb::Options const&&&, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&&&, rocksdb::DB**&&) __functional_base:437
    #10 0x11bff89ff in std::__1::__function::__func<rocksdb::Status (*)(rocksdb::Options const&, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, rocksdb::DB**), std::__1::allocator<rocksdb::Status (*)(rocksdb::Options const&, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, rocksdb::DB**)>, rocksdb::Status (rocksdb::Options const&, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, rocksdb::DB**)>::operator()(rocksdb::Options const&, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, rocksdb::DB**&&) functional:1437
    #11 0x11bff269b in std::__1::function<rocksdb::Status (rocksdb::Options const&, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, rocksdb::DB**)>::operator()(rocksdb::Options const&, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, rocksdb::DB**) const functional:1817
    #12 0x11bfd6edb in rocksdb_open_helper(JNIEnv_*, long, _jstring*, std::__1::function<rocksdb::Status (rocksdb::Options const&, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, rocksdb::DB**)>) rocksjni.cc:37
    #13 0x11bfd723e in Java_org_rocksdb_RocksDB_open__JLjava_lang_String_2 rocksjni.cc:55
    #14 0x10be77757  (<unknown module>)
    #15 0x10be6b174  (<unknown module>)
    #16 0x10be6b232  (<unknown module>)
    #17 0x10be654e6  (<unknown module>)
    #18 0x10b6dc897 in JavaCalls::call_helper(JavaValue*, methodHandle*, JavaCallArguments*, Thread*) (libjvm.dylib+0x2dc897)
    #19 0x10b6dc667 in JavaCalls::call(JavaValue*, methodHandle, JavaCallArguments*, Thread*) (libjvm.dylib+0x2dc667)
    #20 0x10b868427 in Reflection::invoke(instanceKlassHandle, methodHandle, Handle, bool, objArrayHandle, BasicType, objArrayHandle, bool, Thread*) (libjvm.dylib+0x468427)
    #21 0x10b86888d in Reflection::invoke_method(oopDesc*, Handle, objArrayHandle, Thread*) (libjvm.dylib+0x46888d)
    #22 0x10b729246 in JVM_InvokeMethod (libjvm.dylib+0x329246)
    #23 0x10be77757  (<unknown module>)
    #24 0x10be6b232  (<unknown module>)
    #25 0x10be6b232  (<unknown module>)
    #26 0x10be6b8e0  (<unknown module>)
    #27 0x10be6b232  (<unknown module>)
    #28 0x10be6b232  (<unknown module>)
    #29 0x10be6b232  (<unknown module>)
    #30 0x10be6b232  (<unknown module>)
    #31 0x10be6b057  (<unknown module>)
    #32 0x10be6b057  (<unknown module>)
    #33 0x10be6b057  (<unknown module>)
    #34 0x10be6b057  (<unknown module>)
    #35 0x10be6b057  (<unknown module>)
    #36 0x10be6b057  (<unknown module>)
    #37 0x10be6b057  (<unknown module>)
    #38 0x10be6b705  (<unknown module>)
    #39 0x10be6b705  (<unknown module>)
    #40 0x10be6b057  (<unknown module>)
    #41 0x10be6b057  (<unknown module>)
    #42 0x10be6b057  (<unknown module>)
    #43 0x10be6b057  (<unknown module>)
    #44 0x10be6b057  (<unknown module>)
    #45 0x10be6b057  (<unknown module>)
    #46 0x10be6b057  (<unknown module>)
    #47 0x10be6b057  (<unknown module>)
    #48 0x10be6b705  (<unknown module>)
    #49 0x10be6b705  (<unknown module>)
    #50 0x10be6b057  (<unknown module>)
    #51 0x10be6b057  (<unknown module>)
    #52 0x10be6b057  (<unknown module>)
    #53 0x10be6b057  (<unknown module>)
    #54 0x10be6b232  (<unknown module>)
    #55 0x10be6b232  (<unknown module>)
    #56 0x10be6b232  (<unknown module>)
    #57 0x10be6b232  (<unknown module>)
    #58 0x10be654e6  (<unknown module>)
    #59 0x10b6dc897 in JavaCalls::call_helper(JavaValue*, methodHandle*, JavaCallArguments*, Thread*) (libjvm.dylib+0x2dc897)
    #60 0x10b6dc667 in JavaCalls::call(JavaValue*, methodHandle, JavaCallArguments*, Thread*) (libjvm.dylib+0x2dc667)
    #61 0x10b71004d in jni_invoke_static(JNIEnv_*, JavaValue*, _jobject*, JNICallType, _jmethodID*, JNI_ArgumentPusher*, Thread*) (libjvm.dylib+0x31004d)
    #62 0x10b7092d4 in jni_CallStaticVoidMethodV (libjvm.dylib+0x3092d4)
    #63 0x10b71c28d in checked_jni_CallStaticVoidMethod (libjvm.dylib+0x31c28d)
    #64 0x109fdd0fd in JavaMain (java+0x1000030fd)
    #65 0x7fff8df9c99c in _pthread_body (libsystem_pthread.dylib+0x399c)
    #66 0x7fff8df9c919 in _pthread_start (libsystem_pthread.dylib+0x3919)
    #67 0x7fff8df9a350 in thread_start (libsystem_pthread.dylib+0x1350)

AddressSanitizer can not describe address in more detail (wild memory access suspected).
SUMMARY: AddressSanitizer: unknown-crash posix_logger.h:47 in rocksdb::PosixLogger::PosixLogger(__sFILE*, unsigned long long (*)(), rocksdb::Env*, rocksdb::InfoLogLevel)
Shadow bytes around the buggy address:
  0x1ffb27281a80: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
  0x1ffb27281a90: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
  0x1ffb27281aa0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
  0x1ffb27281ab0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
  0x1ffb27281ac0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
=>0x1ffb27281ad0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00[04]00 00
  0x1ffb27281ae0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
  0x1ffb27281af0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
  0x1ffb27281b00: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
  0x1ffb27281b10: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
  0x1ffb27281b20: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Shadow byte legend (one shadow byte represents 8 application bytes):
  Addressable:           00
  Partially addressable: 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
  Heap left redzone:       fa
  Heap right redzone:      fb
  Freed heap region:       fd
  Stack left redzone:      f1
  Stack mid redzone:       f2
  Stack right redzone:     f3
  Stack partial redzone:   f4
  Stack after return:      f5
  Stack use after scope:   f8
  Global redzone:          f9
  Global init order:       f6
  Poisoned by user:        f7
  Container overflow:      fc
  Array cookie:            ac
  Intra object redzone:    bb
  ASan internal:           fe
  Left alloca redzone:     ca
  Right alloca redzone:    cb
==80632==ABORTING
make[1]: *** [run_test] Abort trap: 6
make: *** [jtest_run] Error 2

ASAN 会输出栈信息，包括导致内存问题的代码所在的文件名和行号，这或多或少能帮助到我们一些。

你会发现在 ASAN 的输出中，会有一些 <unknown module> 的存在，这些都是执行在 JVM 内部的代码，因为 JVM 并不是编译的时候启用 ASAN，所以 ASAN 没办法检查这部分代码。

C++ 调试器

如果上述两种方式仍然无法解决你的问题，那么你可能就需要通过 C++ 调试器来追踪 C++ JNI 代码的执行过程了。

Mac

在 Mac 平台，我们可以通过 lldb 来调试我们的 java 程序：

lldb -- /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_80.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java -ea -Xcheck:jni -Djava.library.path=target -cp "target/classes:target/test-classes:test-libs/junit-4.12.jar:test-libs/hamcrest-core-1.3.jar:test-libs/mockito-all-1.10.19.jar:test-libs/cglib-2.2.2.jar:test-libs/assertj-core-1.7.1.jar:target/*" org.rocksdb.test.RocksJunitRunner org.rocksdb.ComparatorTest

启动成功后，可以通过下述命令开启代码的执行：

(lldb) run

如果你想让程序在发生错误的时候（发出 SIGSEGV 和 SIGBUS 信号）不要直接退出，那么你可以执行下述命令：

(lldb) pro hand -p true -s false SIGSEGV
(lldb) pro hand -p true -s false SIGBUS

Linux

在 Linux 上，我们需要使用的 C++ 调试工具是 gdb，使用方法如下：

gdb --args java -ea -Xcheck:jni -Djava.library.path=target -cp "target/classes:target/test-classes:test-libs/junit-4.12.jar:test-libs/hamcrest-core-1.3.jar:test-libs/mockito-all-1.10.19.jar:test-libs/cglib-2.2.2.jar:test-libs/assertj-core-1.7.1.jar:target/*" org.rocksdb.test.RocksJunitRunner org.rocksdb.ComparatorTest

如果你想让程序在发生错误的时候（发出 SIGSEGV 和 SIGBUS 信号）不要直接退出，那么你可以执行下述命令：

gdb> handle SIGSEGV pass noprint nostop

配置好执行方式后，可以通过下述命令开始代码执行：

gdb> start

文章说明

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创作声明： 本文基于下列所有参考内容进行创作，其中可能涉及复制、修改或者转换，图片均来自网络，如有侵权请联系我，我会第一时间进行删除。

参考内容

[1] JNI-Debugging

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