重磅！李航《统计学习方法》Python 代码更新，适应第二版！

class SVM:
def __init__(self, max_iter=100, kernel='linear'):
self.max_iter = max_iter
self._kernel = kernel
def init_args(self, features, labels):
self.m, self.n = features.shape
self.X = features
self.Y = labels
self.b = 0.0
# 将Ei保存在一个列表里
self.alpha = np.ones(self.m)
self.E = [self._E(i) for i in range(self.m)]
# 松弛变量
self.C = 1.0
def _KKT(self, i):
y_g = self._g(i) * self.Y[i]
if self.alpha[i] == 0:
return y_g >= 1
elif 0 < self.alpha[i] < self.C:
return y_g == 1
else:
return y_g <= 1
# g(x)预测值，输入xi（X[i]）
def _g(self, i):
r = self.b
for j in range(self.m):
r += self.alpha[j] * self.Y[j] * self.kernel(self.X[i], self.X[j])
return r
# 核函数
def kernel(self, x1, x2):
if self._kernel == 'linear':
return sum([x1[k] * x2[k] for k in range(self.n)])
elif self._kernel == 'poly':
return (sum([x1[k] * x2[k] for k in range(self.n)]) + 1)**2
return 0
# E（x）为g(x)对输入x的预测值和y的差
def _E(self, i):
return self._g(i) - self.Y[i]
def _init_alpha(self):
# 外层循环首先遍历所有满足0<a<C的样本点，检验是否满足KKT
index_list = [i for i in range(self.m) if 0 < self.alpha[i] < self.C]
# 否则遍历整个训练集
non_satisfy_list = [i for i in range(self.m) if i not in index_list]
index_list.extend(non_satisfy_list)
for i in index_list:
if self._KKT(i):
continue
E1 = self.E[i]
# 如果E2是+，选择最小的；如果E2是负的，选择最大的
if E1 >= 0:
j = min(range(self.m), key=lambda x: self.E[x])
else:
j = max(range(self.m), key=lambda x: self.E[x])
return i, j
def _compare(self, _alpha, L, H):
if _alpha > H:
return H
elif _alpha < L:
return L
else:
return _alpha
def fit(self, features, labels):
self.init_args(features, labels)
for t in range(self.max_iter):
# train
i1, i2 = self._init_alpha()
# 边界
if self.Y[i1] == self.Y[i2]:
L = max(0, self.alpha[i1] + self.alpha[i2] - self.C)
H = min(self.C, self.alpha[i1] + self.alpha[i2])
else:
L = max(0, self.alpha[i2] - self.alpha[i1])
H = min(self.C, self.C + self.alpha[i2] - self.alpha[i1])
E1 = self.E[i1]
E2 = self.E[i2]
# eta=K11+K22-2K12
eta = self.kernel(self.X[i1], self.X[i1]) + self.kernel(
self.X[i2],
self.X[i2]) - 2 * self.kernel(self.X[i1], self.X[i2])
if eta <= 0:
# print('eta <= 0')
continue
alpha2_new_unc = self.alpha[i2] + self.Y[i2] * (
E1 - E2) / eta #此处有修改，根据书上应该是E1 - E2，书上130-131页
alpha2_new = self._compare(alpha2_new_unc, L, H)
alpha1_new = self.alpha[i1] + self.Y[i1] * self.Y[i2] * (
self.alpha[i2] - alpha2_new)
b1_new = -E1 - self.Y[i1] * self.kernel(self.X[i1], self.X[i1]) * (
alpha1_new - self.alpha[i1]) - self.Y[i2] * self.kernel(
self.X[i2],
self.X[i1]) * (alpha2_new - self.alpha[i2]) + self.b
b2_new = -E2 - self.Y[i1] * self.kernel(self.X[i1], self.X[i2]) * (
alpha1_new - self.alpha[i1]) - self.Y[i2] * self.kernel(
self.X[i2],
self.X[i2]) * (alpha2_new - self.alpha[i2]) + self.b
if 0 < alpha1_new < self.C:
b_new = b1_new
elif 0 < alpha2_new < self.C:
b_new = b2_new
else:
# 选择中点
b_new = (b1_new + b2_new) / 2
# 更新参数
self.alpha[i1] = alpha1_new
self.alpha[i2] = alpha2_new
self.b = b_new
self.E[i1] = self._E(i1)
self.E[i2] = self._E(i2)
return 'train done!'
def predict(self, data):
r = self.b
for i in range(self.m):
r += self.alpha[i] * self.Y[i] * self.kernel(data, self.X[i])
return 1 if r > 0 else -1
def score(self, X_test, y_test):
right_count = 0
for i in range(len(X_test)):
result = self.predict(X_test[i])
if result == y_test[i]:
right_count += 1
return right_count / len(X_test)
def _weight(self):
# linear model
yx = self.Y.reshape(-1, 1) * self.X
self.w = np.dot(yx.T, self.alpha)
return self.w