一、curl命令介绍
cURL利用URL语法在命令行下工作的文件传输工具，1997年首次发行，常用来请求 Web 服务器。它的名字就是客户端（client）的 URL 工具的意思。
它的功能非常强大，命令行参数多达几十种。它支持文件上传和下载，所以是综合传输工具，但按传统，习惯称cURL为下载工具，cURL还包含了用于程序开发的libcurl库，可以直接使用C语言调用。
cURL支持的通信协议有FTP、FTPS、HTTP、HTTPS、TFTP、SFTP、Gopher、SCP、Telnet、DICT、FILE、LDAP、LDAPS、IMAP、POP3、SMTP和RTSP。
curl还支持SSL认证、HTTP POST、HTTP PUT、FTP上传, HTTP form based upload、proxies、HTTP/2、cookies、用户名+密码认证(Basic, Plain, Digest, CRAM-MD5, NTLM, Negotiate and Kerberos)、file transfer resume、proxy tunneling。
二、curl命令常用用法介绍
2.1 使用curl命令捕获网页数据
wbyq@wbyq:~$ curl www.baidu.com
该命令的语法是直接向www.baidu.com服务器地址发出get请求，服务器返回的数据会直接显示在命令行。
如果想将返回的数据保存在文件里，可以使用重定向命令。
wbyq@wbyq:~$ curl "www.baidu.com" >test.html 或者 wbyq@wbyq:~$ curl -o test.html "www.baidu.com"
如果请求的URL里含有&转义字符，可以在URL连接上加上双引号 或者在&前加\ 就可以取消转义。
curl "https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=0&ipn=d&word=%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87&hs=2&pn=0&spn=0&di=175890&pi=0&rn=1&tn=baiduimagedetail&is=0%2C0&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&cl=2&lm=-1&cs=2534506313%2C1688529724&os=1097436471%2C408122739&simid=3354786982%2C133358663&adpicid=0&lpn=0&ln=30&fr=ala&fm=&sme=&cg=&bdtype=0&oriquery=%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fa3.att.hudong.com%2F14%2F75%2F01300000164186121366756803686.jpg&fromurl=ippr_z2C%24qAzdH3FAzdH3Fp7rtwg_z%26e3Bkwthj_z%26e3Bv54AzdH3Ftrw1AzdH3Fwn_89_0c_a8naaaaa8m98bm8d8nmm0cmbanmbm_3r2_z%26e3Bip4s&gsm=6&islist=&querylist="
2.2 使用curl命令下载文件
下面命令是下载一张腾讯官网的图片，只要给对地址直接下载即可。
curl "http://qzonestyle.gtimg.cn/qzone/qzactStatics/imgs/20190626150721_85796c.png" >123.png
如果不想指定保存的名称，可以使用使用-O参数，按照服务器上的文件名，自动存在本地。
wbyq@wbyq:~$ curl -O "http://qzonestyle.gtimg.cn/qzone/qzactStatics/imgs/20190626150721_85796c.png"
使用curl下载QQ安装包。
wbyq@wbyq:~$ curl -O "https://down.qq.com/qqweb/PCQQ/PCQQ_EXE/PCQQ2020.exe"
如果想知道请求过程，可以加上-v参数，方便调试。
wbyq@wbyq:~$ curl -v -o 123.png "http://qzonestyle.gtimg.cn/qzone/qzactStatics/imgs/20190626150721_85796c.png" % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 0* Trying 58.49.224.43... * TCP_NODELAY set * Connected to qzonestyle.gtimg.cn (58.49.224.43) port 80 (#0) > GET /qzone/qzactStatics/imgs/20190626150721_85796c.png HTTP/1.1 > Host: qzonestyle.gtimg.cn > User-Agent: curl/7.58.0 > Accept: */* > < HTTP/1.1 200 OK < Server: X2S_Platform < Connection: keep-alive < Date: Fri, 09 Oct 2020 08:36:40 GMT < Cache-Control: max-age=259200 < Expires: Mon, 12 Oct 2020 08:36:40 GMT < Last-Modified: Wed, 26 Jun 2019 15:08:46 GMT < Content-Type: image/png < Content-Length: 21366 < X-NWS-LOG-UUID: 13077040326766635903 360f37d0bbde5c541b71c39a5a6c037d < Access-Control-Expose-Headers: x-client-proto-ver < Access-Control-Expose-Headers: X-Server-Ip < Access-Control-Expose-Headers: X-Upstream-IP < server_ip: 58.49.224.17 < Keep-Alive: timeout=60 < alt-svc: quic=":443"; ma=86400; v="39,38,37,36,35" < Vary: Origin, Accept < X-Client-Ip: 172.24.57.14 < X-Server-IP: 58.49.224.17 < X-Cache-Lookup: Hit From Disktank3 < X-DataSrc: 2 < X-ReqGue: 0 < X-Cache-Lookup: Hit From Inner Cluster < { [1720 bytes data] 100 21366 100 21366 0 0 113k 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 112k * Connection #0 to host qzonestyle.gtimg.cn left intact wbyq@wbyq:~$
2.3 curl调用接口获取北京标准时间
免费的数据接口地址: http://www.k780.com/
获取北京时间:
wbyq@wbyq:~$ curl "http://api.k780.com:88/?app=life.time&appkey=10003&sign=b59bc3ef6191eb9f747dd4e83c99f2a4&format=json" {"success":"1","result":{"timestamp":"1602232873","datetime_1":"2020-10-09 16:41:13","datetime_2":"2020年10月09日 16时41分13秒","week_1":"5","week_2":"星期五","week_3":"周五","week_4":"Friday"}}
2.4 curl调用接口获取天气预报
获取南昌未来7天的天气预报。
wbyq@wbyq:~$ curl "http://api.k780.com:88/?app=weather.future&weaid=南昌&&appkey=10003&sign=b59bc3ef6191eb9f747dd4e83c99f2a4&format=json" {"success":"1","result":[{"weaid":"237","days":"2020-10-09","week":"星期五","cityno":"nanchang","citynm":"南昌","cityid":"101240101","temperature":"25℃/17℃","humidity":"0%/0%","weather":"晴","weather_icon":"http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/d/0.gif","weather_icon1":"http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/n/0.gif","wind":"北风","winp":"小于3级","temp_high":"25","temp_low":"17","humi_high":"0","humi_low":"0","weatid":"1","weatid1":"1","windid":"8","winpid":"0","weather_iconid":"0","weather_iconid1":"0"},{"weaid":"237","days":"2020-10-10","week":"星期六","cityno":"nanchang","citynm":"南昌","cityid":"101240101","temperature":"25℃/17℃","humidity":"0%/0%","weather":"晴","weather_icon":"http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/d/0.gif","weather_icon1":"http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/n/0.gif","wind":"东北风转北风","winp":"小于3级","temp_high":"25","temp_low":"17","humi_high":"0","humi_low":"0","weatid":"1","weatid1":"1","windid":"1","winpid":"0","weather_iconid":"0","weather_iconid1":"0"},{"weaid":"237","days":"2020-10-11","week":"星期日","cityno":"nanchang","citynm":"南昌","cityid":"101240101","temperature":"25℃/17℃","humidity":"0%/0%","weather":"晴","weather_icon":"http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/d/0.gif","weather_icon1":"http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/n/0.gif","wind":"北风","winp":"小于3级","temp_high":"25","temp_low":"17","humi_high":"0","humi_low":"0","weatid":"1","weatid1":"1","windid":"8","winpid":"0","weather_iconid":"0","weather_iconid1":"0"},{"weaid":"237","days":"2020-10-12","week":"星期一","cityno":"nanchang","citynm":"南昌","cityid":"101240101","temperature":"25℃/17℃","humidity":"0%/0%","weather":"晴","weather_icon":"http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/d/0.gif","weather_icon1":"http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/n/0.gif","wind":"北风","winp":"3-4级","temp_high":"25","temp_low":"17","humi_high":"0","humi_low":"0","weatid":"1","weatid1":"1","windid":"8","winpid":"1","weather_iconid":"0","weather_iconid1":"0"},{"weaid":"237","days":"2020-10-13","week":"星期二","cityno":"nanchang","citynm":"南昌","cityid":"101240101","temperature":"25℃/18℃","humidity":"0%/0%","weather":"晴转多云","weather_icon":"http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/d/0.gif","weather_icon1":"http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/n/1.gif","wind":"北风","winp":"3-4级","temp_high":"25","temp_low":"18","humi_high":"0","humi_low":"0","weatid":"1","weatid1":"2","windid":"8","winpid":"1","weather_iconid":"0","weather_iconid1":"1"},{"weaid":"237","days":"2020-10-14","week":"星期三","cityno":"nanchang","citynm":"南昌","cityid":"101240101","temperature":"22℃/17℃","humidity":"0%/0%","weather":"阴","weather_icon":"http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/d/2.gif","weather_icon1":"http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/n/2.gif","wind":"北风","winp":"3-4级","temp_high":"22","temp_low":"17","humi_high":"0","humi_low":"0","weatid":"3","weatid1":"3","windid":"8","winpid":"1","weather_iconid":"2","weather_iconid1":"2"},{"weaid":"237","days":"2020-10-15","week":"星期四","cityno":"nanchang","citynm":"南昌","cityid":"101240101","temperature":"19℃/16℃","humidity":"0%/0%","weather":"中雨转大雨","weather_icon":"http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/d/8.gif","weather_icon1":"http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/n/9.gif","wind":"无持续风向","winp":"小于3级","temp_high":"19","temp_low":"16","humi_high":"0","humi_low":"0","weatid":"9","weatid1":"10","windid":"0","winpid":"0","weather_iconid":"8","weather_iconid1":"9"}]}
请求参数说明
可以是 weather.city 接口中的 weaid,cityid,citynm;也可以是 IP 地址(系统自动分析该 IP 所在城市)
jsoncallback string 0 js 跨域使用 jsonp 时可使用此参数
返回参数说明
具体的参数介绍可以到这里查看：http://www.k780.com/
语法格式:
curl http://ip:port/service/name/op -X POST -d 'param1=16¶m2=0¶m3=[{"value":1,"value":1}]'
例如:
curl "http://xxx.xxx.xxx:8083/carmonitorsys/errlog/upload.action?token=6899fa62-86b3-4fe3-925e-8afd31dd3370&devId=1126626497aaa88" -X POST -H "Content-type:application/json" -d '{"日志":"2020年10月9日"}'
