xml文件增删改查
先引入解析xml文档的模块
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET tree = ET.parse("data.xml") # 解析文档 root = tree.getroot() # 获取根节点 print(root) print(root.tag)
读取
# 遍历文档 for child in root: print(child.tag, child.attrib) for i in child: print(i.tag, i.attrib, i.text) # 只遍历year节点 for nood in root.iter("year"): print(nood.tag, nood.text)
修改
for node in root.iter("year"): new_year = int(node.text) + 1 node.text = str(new_year) node.set("update_by", "Tom") tree.write("data.xml") # 修改后需要保存
删除
for country in root.findall("country"): rank = int(country.find("rank").text) if rank >50: root.remove(country) tree.write("data.xml") # 修改后需要保存
创建
new_xml = ET.Element("personlist") person = ET.SubElement(new_xml, "person", attrib={"enrolled": "yes"}) name1 = ET.SubElement(person, "name") name1.text = "Tom" age = ET.SubElement(person, "age", attrib={"checked": "no"}) age.text = "33" sex = ET.SubElement(person, "sex") sex.text = 'man' person2 = ET.SubElement(new_xml, "person", attrib={"enrolled": "no"}) name2 = ET.SubElement(person2, "name") name2.text = "Jimi" age2 = ET.SubElement(person2, "age") age2.text = '19' sex2 = ET.SubElement(person2, "sex") sex2.text = "women" et = ET.ElementTree(new_xml) # 生成文档对象 et.write("test.xml", encoding="utf-8", xml_declaration=True) # 写入文件 ET.dump(new_xml) # 打印生成的格式
help(ET)
""" Each Element has a number of properties associated with it: 'tag' - a string containing the element's name. 'attrib' - a Python dictionary storing the element's attributes. 'text' - a string containing the element's text content. 'tail' - an optional string containing text after the element's end tag. class Element(builtins.object) | | append(...) | | clear(...) | | extend(...) | | find(...) | | findall(...) | | findtext(...) | | get(...) | | getchildren(...) | | getiterator(...) | | insert(...) | | items(...) | | iter(...) | | iterfind(...) | | itertext(...) | | keys(...) | | makeelement(...) | | remove(...) | | set(...) class ElementTree(builtins.object) | | Methods defined here: | | __init__(self, element=None, file=None) | | find(self, path, namespaces=None) | Find first matching element by tag name or path. | Return the first matching element, or None if no element was found. | | findall(self, path, namespaces=None) | Find all matching subelements by tag name or path. | Return list containing all matching elements in document order. | | findtext(self, path, default=None, namespaces=None) | Find first matching element by tag name or path. | Return the first matching element, or None if no element was found. | | getiterator(self, tag=None) | # compatibility | | getroot(self) | Return root element of this tree. | | iter(self, tag=None) | Create and return tree iterator for the root element. | | iterfind(self, path, namespaces=None) | Find all matching subelements by tag name or path. | Return an iterable yielding all matching elements in document order. | | parse(self, source, parser=None) | Load external XML document into element tree. | Returns the root element of the given source document. | | write(self, file_or_filename, encoding=None, xml_declaration=None, default_namespace=None, method=None, *, short_empty_elements=True) | Write element tree to a file as XML. | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- FUNCTIONS Comment(text=None) Comment element factory. PI = ProcessingInstruction(target, text=None) Processing Instruction element factory. ProcessingInstruction(target, text=None) Processing Instruction element factory. SubElement(...) XML(text, parser=None) Parse XML document from string constant. Returns an Element instance. XMLID(text, parser=None) Parse XML document from string constant for its IDs Returns an (Element, dict) tuple, in which the dict maps element id:s to elements. dump(elem) Write element tree or element structure to sys.stdout. fromstring = XML(text, parser=None) Parse XML document from string constant. Returns an Element instance. fromstringlist(sequence, parser=None) Parse XML document from sequence of string fragments. Returns an Element instance. iselement(element) Return True if *element* appears to be an Element. iterparse(source, events=None, parser=None) Incrementally parse XML document into ElementTree. Returns an iterator providing (event, elem) pairs. parse(source, parser=None) Parse XML document into element tree. Return an ElementTree instance. register_namespace(prefix, uri) Register a namespace prefix. tostring(element, encoding=None, method=None, *, short_empty_elements=True) Generate string representation of XML element. Returns an (optionally) encoded string containing the XML data. tostringlist(element, encoding=None, method=None, *, short_empty_elements=True) """
