从零搭建Linux+Docker+Ansible+kubernetes 学习环境(1*Master+3*Node)

## 写在前面*** + 一直想学K8s，但是没有环境，本身`K8s`就有些重。上学之前租了一个阿里云的`ESC`，单核2G的，单机版K8s的勉强可以装上去，多节点没法搞，书里的Demo也没法学。需要多个节点，涉及到多机器操作，所以顺便温习一下`ansible` 。 + 这是一个在`Win10上从零搭建学习环境`的教程，包含：   + 通过`Vmware Workstation `安装`四个linux系统`虚拟机，一个`Master管理节点`，`三个Node计算节点`。   + 通过桥接模式，可以`访问外网`，并且可以`通过win10物理机ssh远程访问`。   + 可以通过`Master节点机器ssh免密登录任意Node节点机`。   + 配置`Ansible`，`Master节点做controller节点`，使用角色配置时间同步，使用`playbook` 安装配置`docker K8S `等。   + `Docker`,`K8s集群`相关包安装，网络配置等 + 关于` Vmware Workstation 和 Linux ios包`，默认小伙伴已经拥有。`Vmware Workstation` 默认小伙伴已经安装好，没有的可以网上下载一下。 ** 我所渴求的，無非是將心中脫穎語出的本性付諸生活，為何竟如此艱難呢 ------《彷徨少年時》 **  *** # 一，Linux 系统安装 这里默认小伙伴已经安装了`Vmware Workstation（VMware-workstation-full-15.5.6-16341506.exe）`,已经准备了`linux系统 安装光盘（CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1810.iso）`。括号内是我用的版本，我们的方式： **先安装一个Node节点机器，然后通过克隆的方式得到剩余的两个Node机器和一个Master机器** ## 1. 系统安装 |**&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&安装步骤&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&**| |:--:| || || || || || |**给虚拟机起一个名称，并指定虚拟机存放的位置。**| || || |**内存设置这里要结合自己机器的情况，如果8G内存，建议为2G，如果16G，建议4G，如果32G，建议8G**| || || || || || || || || || |**将存放在系统中的光盘镜像放入光驱中。【通过”浏览”找到即可】**| || || |**如果显示内存太大了，开不了机，可以适当减小内存，**| || |**点击屏幕，光标进入到系统，然后上下键选择第一个。**| || |**建议初学者选择“简体中文（中国）”，单击“继续”。**| || || || || || |**检查“安装信息摘要界面”，确保所有带叹号的部分都已经完成，然后单击右下方的“开始安装”按钮，将会执行正式安装。**| || || |**若密码太简单需要按两次“完成”按钮！**| || || |**创建用户。（用户名字和密码自定义），填写完成后，单击两次“完成”。**| || || |**这很需要时间，可以干点别的事.........,安装完成之后，会有 **重启** 按钮，直接重启即可**| || || || |**启动系统，这个需要一些时间，耐心等待**| || |**未列出以root用户登录，然后是一些引导页，直接下一步即可**| || || |嗯，这里改一下，**命令提示符**。弄的好看一点想学习，直接输入：`PS1="\[\033[1;32m\]┌──[\[\033[1;34m\]\u@\H\[\033[1;32m\]]-[\[\033[0;1m\]\w\[\033[1;32m\]] \n\[\033[1;32m\]└─\[\033[1;34m\]\$\[\033[0m\] "`或者写到`.baserch`| || ## 2. 配置网络 |**&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&配置网络步骤&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&**| |:--:| || || || || |**桥接模式下，要自己选择桥接到哪个网卡(实际联网用的网卡)，然后确认**| || |**配置网卡为DHCP模式(自动分配IP地址):执行方式见表尾，这里值得一说的是，如果网络换了，那么所以有的节点ip也会换掉，因为是动态的，但是还是在一个网段内。DNS和SSH免密也都不能用了，需要重新配置，但是如果你只连一个网络，那就没影响。所以一般需要在分配IP之后，把IP获取方式改成手动静态IP。*当然，建议在所有的机器克隆完成之后在更改IP设置方式，然后在配置DNS和SSH免密***| |`nmcli connection modify 'ens33' ipv4.method auto   connection.autoconnect yes #将网卡改为DHCP模式(动态分配IP)`，`nmcli connection up 'ens33'`| || | **配置网卡为DHCP模式(自动分配IP地址)** ```bash ┌──[root@localhost.localdomain]-[~]  └─$ nmcli connection modify 'ens33' ipv4.method auto   connection.autoconnect yes ┌──[root@localhost.localdomain]-[~]  └─$ nmcli connection up 'ens33' 连接已成功激活（D-Bus 活动路径：/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/4） ┌──[root@localhost.localdomain]-[~]  └─$ ifconfig | head -2  ens33: flags=4163  mtu 1500         inet 192.168.1.7  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.1.255 ┌──[root@localhost.localdomain]-[~]  └─$  ``` ```bash ┌──[root@192.168.1.7]-[~]  └─$ ifconfig ens33: flags=4163  mtu 1500         inet 192.168.1.7  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.1.255         inet6 fe80::8899:b0c7:4b50:73e0  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20        inet6 240e:319:707:b800:2929:3ab2:f378:715a  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x0        ether 00:0c:29:b6:a6:52  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)         RX packets 535119  bytes 797946990 (760.9 MiB)         RX errors 0  dropped 96  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 59958  bytes 4119314 (3.9 MiB)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0 lo: flags=73  mtu 65536         inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0         inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)         RX packets 616  bytes 53248 (52.0 KiB)         RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 616  bytes 53248 (52.0 KiB)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0 virbr0: flags=4099  mtu 1500         inet 192.168.122.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.122.255         ether 52:54:00:2e:66:6d  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)         RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)         RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0 ┌──[root@192.168.1.7]-[~]  └─$  ``` **配置网卡为手动获取IP，即把DHCP分配的ip设置为静态IP，这一步在机器克隆完成后中每个机器执行** ```bash nmcli connection modify 'ens33' ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.168.1.7/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.1.1 connection.autoconnect  yes nmcli connection up 'ens33' ``` ## 3. 机器克隆|**&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&机器克隆步骤&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&**| |:--:| |**关闭要克隆的虚拟机**| || || || |**链接克隆和完整克隆的区别：**| |创建链接克隆 #克隆的虚拟机占用磁盘空间很少，但是被克隆的虚拟机必须能够正常使用，否则无法正常使用；| |创建完整克隆 #新克隆的虚拟机跟被克隆的虚拟机之间没有关联，被克隆的虚拟机删除也不影响新克隆出来的虚拟机的使用| || || || || || |**测试一下，可以访问外网(39.97.241是我的阿里云公网IP)， 也可以和物理机互通，同时也可以和node互通**| || || | |**我们以相同的方式，克隆剩余的一个node节点机器，和一个Master节点机。**| >**我们以相同的方式，克隆剩余的一个`node`节点机器，和一个`Master`节点机。这里不做展示** |克隆剩余的,**如果启动时内存不够，需要关闭虚拟机调整相应的内存**| |:--:| || |`nmcli connection modify 'ens33' ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.168.1.9/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.1.1 connection.autoconnect  yes` , `nmcli connection up 'ens33'` **记得配置静态IP呀** | ## 4.管理控制节点到计算节点DNS配置 |**Master节点DNS配置**| |:--:| |**Master节点配置DNS，可用通过主机名访问,为方便的话，可以修改每个节点机器的 主机名 `/etc/hosts`下修改。**| || ``` ┌──[root@192.168.1.10]-[~]  └─$ vim /etc/hosts ┌──[root@192.168.1.10]-[~]  └─$ cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 192.168.1.7  node0 192.168.1.9  node1 192.168.1.11 node2 192.168.1.10 master   ┌──[root@192.168.1.10]-[~]  └─$  ``` ## 5.管理控制节点到计算节点SSH免密配置|**Master节点配置SSH免密登录**| |:--:| |**`ssh-keygen`生成密匙，全部回车**| |**SSH 免密配置，使用`ssh-copy-id`传递密匙**| || |**免密测试，如果为了方便，这里，Node1的主机名没有修改。所以显示为IP地址**| || **`ssh-keygen`生成密匙，全部回车** ```bash ┌──[root@192.168.1.10]-[~]  └─$ ssh usage: ssh [-1246AaCfGgKkMNnqsTtVvXxYy] [-b bind_address] [-c cipher_spec]            [-D [bind_address:]port] [-E log_file] [-e escape_char]            [-F configfile] [-I pkcs11] [-i identity_file]            [-J [user@]host[:port]] [-L address] [-l login_name] [-m mac_spec]            [-O ctl_cmd] [-o option] [-p port] [-Q query_option] [-R address]            [-S ctl_path] [-W host:port] [-w local_tun[:remote_tun]]            [user@]hostname [command] ┌──[root@192.168.1.10]-[~]  └─$ ls -ls ~/.ssh/ ls: 无法访问/root/.ssh/: 没有那个文件或目录 ┌──[root@192.168.1.10]-[~]  └─$ ssh-keygen Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):  Created directory '/root/.ssh'. Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):  Enter same passphrase again:  Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: SHA256:qHboVj/WfMTYCDFDZ5ISf3wEcmfsz0EXJH19U6SnxbY root@node0 The key's randomart image is: +---[RSA 2048]----+ |      .o+.=o+.o+*| |      ..=B +. o==| |       ..+o.....O| |       ... .. .=.| |      . S. = o.E | |     o.   o + o  | |    +... o .     | |   o..  + o .    | |   ..  . . .     | +----[SHA256]-----+ ``` **SSH 免密配置，使用`ssh-copy-id`传递密匙** ```bash ssh-copy-id root@node0 ssh-copy-id root@node1 ssh-copy-id root@node2 ``` **免密测试** ```bash ssh root@node0 ssh root@node1 ssh root@node2 ``` >**到这一步，我们已经做好了linux环境的搭建，想学linux的小伙伴就可以从这里开始学习啦** --- # 二，Ansible安装配置**这里为了方便，我们直接在物理机操作，而且我们已经配置了ssh，因为我本机的内存不够，所以我只能启三台机器了。** |主机名|IP|角色|备注| |--|--|--|--| |master|192.168.1.10|conteoller|控制机| |node1|192.168.1.9|node|受管机| |node2|192.168.1.11|node|受管机| ##　1. SSH到控制节点即192.168.1.10，配置yum源,安装ansible ```bash ┌──(liruilong㉿Liruilong)-[/mnt/e/docker] └─$ ssh root@192.168.1.10 Last login: Sat Sep 11 00:23:10 2021 ┌──[root@master]-[~] └─$ ls anaconda-ks.cfg  initial-setup-ks.cfg  下载  公共  图片  文档  桌面  模板  视频  音乐 ┌──[root@master]-[~] └─$ cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ ┌──[root@master]-[/etc/yum.repos.d] └─$ ls CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-CR.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Media.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo  CentOS-Vault.repo  CentOS-x86_64-kernel.repo ┌──[root@master]-[/etc/yum.repos.d] └─$ mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup ┌──[root@master]-[/etc/yum.repos.d] └─$ wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo ``` **查找 ansible安装包** ```bash ┌──[root@master]-[/etc/yum.repos.d] └─$ yum list | grep ansible ansible-collection-microsoft-sql.noarch     1.1.0-1.el7_9              extras centos-release-ansible-27.noarch            1-1.el7                    extras centos-release-ansible-28.noarch            1-1.el7                    extras centos-release-ansible-29.noarch            1-1.el7                    extras centos-release-ansible26.noarch             1-3.el7.centos             extras ┌──[root@master]-[/etc/yum.repos.d] ``` **阿里云的`yum镜像没有ansible`包，所以我们需要使用`epel`安装** ```bash ┌──[root@master]-[/etc/yum.repos.d] └─$ wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo --2021-09-11 00:40:11--  http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 1.180.13.237, 1.180.13.236, 1.180.13.240, ... Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|1.180.13.237|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 664 [application/octet-stream] Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo’ 100%[=======================================================================================================================================================================>] 664         --.-K/s   in 0s 2021-09-11 00:40:12 (91.9 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo’ saved [664/664] ┌──[root@master]-[/etc/yum.repos.d] └─$ yum install -y epel-release ``` **查找ansible安装包，并安装** ```bash ┌──[root@master]-[/etc/yum.repos.d] └─$ yum list|grep ansible Existing lock /var/run/yum.pid: another copy is running as pid 12522. Another app is currently holding the yum lock; waiting for it to exit...   The other application is: PackageKit     Memory :  28 M RSS (373 MB VSZ)     Started: Sat Sep 11 00:40:41 2021 - 00:06 ago     State  : Sleeping, pid: 12522 ansible.noarch                              2.9.25-1.el7               epel ansible-collection-microsoft-sql.noarch     1.1.0-1.el7_9              extras ansible-doc.noarch                          2.9.25-1.el7               epel ansible-inventory-grapher.noarch            2.4.4-1.el7                epel ansible-lint.noarch                         3.5.1-1.el7                epel ansible-openstack-modules.noarch            0-20140902git79d751a.el7   epel ansible-python3.noarch                      2.9.25-1.el7               epel ansible-review.noarch                       0.13.4-1.el7               epel ansible-test.noarch                         2.9.25-1.el7               epel centos-release-ansible-27.noarch            1-1.el7                    extras centos-release-ansible-28.noarch            1-1.el7                    extras centos-release-ansible-29.noarch            1-1.el7                    extras centos-release-ansible26.noarch             1-3.el7.centos             extras kubernetes-ansible.noarch                   0.6.0-0.1.gitd65ebd5.el7   epel python2-ansible-runner.noarch               1.0.1-1.el7                epel python2-ansible-tower-cli.noarch            3.3.9-1.el7                epel vim-ansible.noarch                          3.2-1.el7                  epel ┌──[root@master]-[/etc/yum.repos.d] └─$ yum install -y  ansible ``` ```bash ┌──[root@master]-[/etc/yum.repos.d] └─$ ansible --version ansible 2.9.25   config file = /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg   configured module search path = [u'/root/.ansible/plugins/modules', u'/usr/share/ansible/plugins/modules']   ansible python module location = /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ansible   executable location = /usr/bin/ansible   python version = 2.7.5 (default, Oct 30 2018, 23:45:53) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36)] ┌──[root@master]-[/etc/yum.repos.d] └─$ ``` **查看主机清单**  ```bash ┌──[root@master]-[/etc/yum.repos.d] └─$ ansible 127.0.0.1 --list-hosts   hosts (1):     127.0.0.1 ┌──[root@master]-[/etc/yum.repos.d] ``` ## 2. ansible环境配置**我们这里使用liruilong这个普通账号，一开始装机配置的那个用户，生产中会配置特定的用户，不使用root用户;** ### **1. 主配置文件 `ansible.cfg` 编写** ```bash ┌──[root@master]-[/home/liruilong] └─$ su liruilong [liruilong@master ~]$ pwd /home/liruilong [liruilong@master ~]$ mkdir ansible;cd ansible;vim ansible.cfg [liruilong@master ansible]$ cat ansible.cfg [defaults] # 主机清单文件，就是要控制的主机列表 inventory=inventory # 连接受管机器的远程的用户名 remote_user=liruilong # 角色目录 roles_path=roles # 设置用户的su 提权 [privilege_escalation] become=True become_method=sudo become_user=root become_ask_pass=False [liruilong@master ansible]$ ``` ### **2. 主机清单：** 被控机列表，可以是 域名，IP，分组([组名])，聚合（[组名:children]），也可以主动的设置用户名密码 ```bash [liruilong@master ansible]$ vim inventory [liruilong@master ansible]$ cat inventory [nodes] node1 node2 [liruilong@master ansible]$ ansible all --list-hosts   hosts (2):     node1     node2 [liruilong@master ansible]$ ansible nodes --list-hosts   hosts (2):     node1     node2 [liruilong@master ansible]$ ls ansible.cfg  inventory [liruilong@master ansible]$ ``` ### 3. 配置liruilong用户的ssh免密 **master节点上以liruilong用户对三个节点分布配置** ```bash [liruilong@master ansible]$ ssh-keygen Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/home/liruilong/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /home/liruilong/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /home/liruilong/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: SHA256:cJ+SHgfMk00X99oCwEVPi1Rjoep7Agfz8DTjvtQv0T0 liruilong@master The key's randomart image is: +---[RSA 2048]----+ |         .oo*oB. | |       o +.+ B + | |      . B . + o .| |       o+=+o . o | |        SO=o .o..| |       ..==.. .E.| |        .+o ..  .| |         .o.o.   | |          o+ ..  | +----[SHA256]-----+ ``` ```bash [liruilong@master ansible]$ ssh-copy-id node1 /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/home/liruilong/.ssh/id_rsa.pub" /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys liruilong@node1's password: Number of key(s) added: 1 Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'node1'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added. ``` 嗯 ，node2和mater也需要配置 ```bash [liruilong@master ansible]$ ssh-copy-id node2 /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/home/liruilong/.ssh/id_rsa.pub" /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys liruilong@node2's password: Number of key(s) added: 1 Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'node2'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added. [liruilong@master ansible]$ ``` ### 4. 配置`liruilong`普通用户提权**这里有个问题，我的机器上配置了sudo免密，但是第一次没有生效，需要输入密码，之后就不需要了，使用ansible还是不行。后来发现，在/etc/sudoers.d 下新建一个以普通用户命名的文件的授权就可以了，不知道啥原因了。** **node1** ```bash ┌──[root@node1]-[~] └─$ visudo ┌──[root@node1]-[~] └─$ cat /etc/sudoers | grep liruilong liruilong       ALL=(ALL)       NOPASSWD:ALL ┌──[root@node1]-[/etc/sudoers.d] └─$ cd /etc/sudoers.d/ ┌──[root@node1]-[/etc/sudoers.d] └─$ vim liruilong ┌──[root@node1]-[/etc/sudoers.d] └─$ cat liruilong liruilong  ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL ┌──[root@node1]-[/etc/sudoers.d] └─$ ``` ```bash ┌──[root@node2]-[~] └─$ vim /etc/sudoers.d/liruilong ``` **node2 和 master 按照相同的方式设置** ### **5. 测试临时命令** `ansible 清单主机地址列表 -m 模块名 [-a '任务参数']` ```bash [liruilong@master ansible]$ ansible all -m ping node2 | SUCCESS => {     "ansible_facts": {         "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"     },     "changed": false,     "ping": "pong" } node1 | SUCCESS => {     "ansible_facts": {         "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"     },     "changed": false,     "ping": "pong" } [liruilong@master ansible]$ ansible nodes -m command -a 'ip a list ens33' node2 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> 2: ens33:  mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000     link/ether 00:0c:29:de:77:f4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff     inet 192.168.1.11/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever     inet6 240e:319:735:db00:2b25:4eb1:f520:830c/64 scope global noprefixroute dynamic        valid_lft 208192sec preferred_lft 121792sec     inet6 fe80::8899:b0c7:4b50:73e0/64 scope link noprefixroute        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> 2: ens33:  mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000     link/ether 00:0c:29:94:35:31 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff     inet 192.168.1.9/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever     inet6 fe80::8899:b0c7:4b50:73e0/64 scope link tentative noprefixroute dadfailed        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever     inet6 fe80::2024:5b1c:1812:f4c0/64 scope link tentative noprefixroute dadfailed        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever     inet6 fe80::d310:173d:7910:9571/64 scope link noprefixroute        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [liruilong@master ansible]$ ```  >**嗯，到这一步，`ansible`我们就配置完成了，可以在当前环境学习`ansible`。[这是我`ansible`学习整理的笔记，主要是`CHRE`考试的笔记，有些实战，感兴趣小伙伴可以看看](https://blog.csdn.net/sanhewuyang/category_9165933.html)** --- # 三，Docker、K8s相关包安装配置 **关于docker以及k8s的安装，我们可以通过`rhel-system-roles`基于角色进行安装，也可以自定义角色进行安装，也可以直接写剧本进行安装，这里我们使用直接部署ansible剧本的方式，一步一步构建。** **`docker`的话，感兴趣的小伙伴可以看看我的笔记。 我们主要看看K8S， ## 1. 使用ansible部署Docker**这里部署的话，一种是直接刷大佬写好的脚本，一种是自己一步一步来，这里我们使用第二种方式。** **我们现在有的机器** |主机名|IP|角色|备注| |--|--|--|--| |master|192.168.1.10|kube-master|管理节点| |node1|192.168.1.9|kube-node|计算节点| |node2|192.168.1.11|kube-node|计算节点| ### 1. 配置节点机yum源**这里因为我们要用节点机装包，所以需要配置yum源，ansible配置的方式有很多，可以通过`yum_repository`配置，我们这里为了方便，直接使用执行`shell`的方式。** ```bash [liruilong@master ansible]$ ansible nodes -m shell -a 'mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup;wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo' node2 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> --2021-09-11 11:40:20--  http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 1.180.13.241, 1.180.13.238, 1.180.13.237, ... Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|1.180.13.241|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 2523 (2.5K) [application/octet-stream] Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’      0K ..                                                    100% 3.99M=0.001s 2021-09-11 11:40:20 (3.99 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’ saved [2523/2523] node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> --2021-09-11 11:40:20--  http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 1.180.13.241, 1.180.13.238, 1.180.13.237, ... Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|1.180.13.241|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 2523 (2.5K) [application/octet-stream] Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’      0K ..                                                    100%  346M=0s 2021-09-11 11:40:20 (346 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’ saved [2523/2523] [liruilong@master ansible]$ ```  配置好了yum源，我们需要确认一下 ```bash [liruilong@master ansible]$ ansible all -m shell -a 'yum repolist | grep aliyun' [liruilong@master ansible]$ ```  ### 2. 配置时间同步**这里为了方便。我们直接使用 ansible角色 安装RHEL角色软件包，拷贝角色目录到角色目录下，并创建剧本 timesync.yml** ```bash ┌──[root@master]-[/home/liruilong/ansible] └─$  yum -y install rhel-system-roles 已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile  * base: mirrors.aliyun.com  * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com  * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com base                                                                                             | 3.6 kB  00:00:00 epel                                                                                             | 4.7 kB  00:00:00 extras                                                                                           | 2.9 kB  00:00:00 updates                                                                                          | 2.9 kB  00:00:00 (1/2): epel/x86_64/updateinfo                                                                    | 1.0 MB  00:00:00 (2/2): epel/x86_64/primary_db                                                                    | 7.0 MB  00:00:01 正在解决依赖关系 There are unfinished transactions remaining. You might consider running yum-complete-transaction, or "yum-complete-transaction --cleanup-only" and "yum history redo last", first to finish them. If those don't work you'll have to try removing/installing packages by hand (maybe package-cleanup can help). --> 正在检查事务 ---> 软件包 rhel-system-roles.noarch.0.1.0.1-4.el7_9 将被 安装 --> 解决依赖关系完成 依赖关系解决 ========================================================================================================================  Package                           架构                   版本                             源                      大小 ======================================================================================================================== 正在安装:  rhel-system-roles                 noarch                 1.0.1-4.el7_9                    extras                 988 k 事务概要 ======================================================================================================================== 安装  1 软件包 总下载量：988 k 安装大小：4.8 M Downloading packages: rhel-system-roles-1.0.1-4.el7_9.noarch.rpm                                                       | 988 kB  00:00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction   正在安装    : rhel-system-roles-1.0.1-4.el7_9.noarch                                                              1/1   验证中      : rhel-system-roles-1.0.1-4.el7_9.noarch                                                              1/1 已安装:   rhel-system-roles.noarch 0:1.0.1-4.el7_9 完毕！ ┌──[root@master]-[/home/liruilong/ansible] └─$ su - liruilong 上一次登录：六 9月 11 13:16:23 CST 2021pts/2 上 [liruilong@master ~]$ cd /home/liruilong/ansible/ [liruilong@master ansible]$ ls ansible.cfg  inventory [liruilong@master ansible]$ cp -r /usr/share/ansible/roles/rhel-system-roles.timesync roles/ ``` ```bash [liruilong@master ansible]$ ls ansible.cfg  inventory  roles  timesync.yml [liruilong@master ansible]$ cat timesync.yml - name: timesync   hosts: all   vars:     - timesync_ntp_servers:       - hostname: 192.168.1.10         iburst: yes   roles:     - rhel-system-roles.timesync [liruilong@master ansible]$ ``` || |--| || ### 3. docker环境初始化 |步骤| |--| |**安装docker**|| |**卸载防火墙**|| |**开启路由转发**| |**修复版本防火墙BUG**| |**重启docker服务，设置开机自启**| **编写 docker环境初始化的剧本 `install_docker_playbook.yml`** ```yml - name: install docker on node1,node2   hosts: node1,node2   tasks:     - yum: name=docker state=absent     - yum: name=docker state=present     - yum: name=firewalld state=absent     - shell: echo "net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf     - shell: sysctl -p     - shell: sed -i '18 i ExecStartPort=/sbin/iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT' /lib/systemd/system/docker.service     - shell: cat /lib/systemd/system/docker.service     - shell: systemctl daemon-reload     - service: name=docker state=restarted enabled=yes ``` **执行剧本** ```bash [liruilong@master ansible]$ cat install_docker_playbook.yml - name: install docker on node1,node2   hosts: node1,node2   tasks:     - yum: name=docker state=absent     - yum: name=docker state=present     - yum: name=firewalld state=absent     - shell: echo "net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf     - shell: sysctl -p     - shell: sed -i '18 i ExecStartPort=/sbin/iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT' /lib/systemd/system/docker.service     - shell: cat /lib/systemd/system/docker.service     - shell: systemctl daemon-reload     - service: name=docker state=restarted enabled=yes [liruilong@master ansible]$ ls ansible.cfg  install_docker_check.yml  install_docker_playbook.yml  inventory  roles  timesync.yml [liruilong@master ansible]$ ansible-playbook install_docker_playbook.yml ``` |docker环境初始化的剧本执行 `install_docker_playbook.yml`| |--| || **然后，我们编写一个检查的剧本`install_docker_check.yml` ，用来检查docker的安装情况** ```yml - name: install_docker-check   hosts: node1,node2   ignore_errors: yes   tasks:     - shell: docker info       register: out     - debug: msg="{{out}}"     - shell: systemctl -all | grep  firewalld       register: out1     - debug: msg="{{out1}}"     - shell: cat /etc/sysctl.conf       register: out2     - debug: msg="{{out2}}"     - shell: cat /lib/systemd/system/docker.service       register: out3     - debug: msg="{{out3}}" ``` ```bash [liruilong@master ansible]$ ls ansible.cfg  install_docker_check.yml  install_docker_playbook.yml  inventory  roles  timesync.yml [liruilong@master ansible]$ cat install_docker_check.yml - name: install_docker-check   hosts: node1,node2   ignore_errors: yes   tasks:     - shell: docker info       register: out     - debug: msg="{{out}}"     - shell: systemctl -all | grep  firewalld       register: out1     - debug: msg="{{out1}}"     - shell: cat /etc/sysctl.conf       register: out2     - debug: msg="{{out2}}"     - shell: cat /lib/systemd/system/docker.service       register: out3     - debug: msg="{{out3}}" [liruilong@master ansible]$ ansible-playbook install_docker_check.yml     ``` |检查的剧本执行`install_docker_check.yml`| |--| || ## 2. etcd 安装**安装etcd(键值型数据库)，在Kube-master上操作，创建配置网络** |步骤| |--| |**使用 yum 方式安装etcd**| |**修改etcd的配置文件,修改etcd监听的客户端地址，0.0.0.0 指监听所有的主机**| |**开启路由转发**| |**启动服务，并设置开机自启动**| **编写ansible剧本 `install_etcd_playbook.yml`** ```yml - name: install etcd or master   hosts: 127.0.0.1   tasks:     - yum: name=etcd state=present     - lineinfile: path=/etc/etcd/etcd.conf  regexp=ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="http://localhost:2379" line=ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="http://0.0.0.0:2379"     - shell: cat /etc/etcd/etcd.conf       register: out     - debug: msg="{{out}}"     - service: name=etcd state=restarted enabled=yes ``` ```bash [liruilong@master ansible]$ ls ansible.cfg               install_docker_playbook.yml  inventory  timesync.yml install_docker_check.yml  install_etcd_playbook.yml    roles [liruilong@master ansible]$ cat install_etcd_playbook.yml - name: install etcd or master   hosts: 127.0.0.1   tasks:     - yum: name=etcd state=present     - lineinfile: path=/etc/etcd/etcd.conf  regexp=ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="http://localhost:2379" line=ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="http://0.0.0.0:2379"     - shell: cat /etc/etcd/etcd.conf       register: out     - debug: msg="{{out}}"     - service: name=etcd state=restarted enabled=yes [liruilong@master ansible]$ ansible-playbook install_etcd_playbook.yml ``` |ansible剧本 `install_etcd_playbook.yml`执行| |--| || ### 1. 创建配置网络：10.254.0.0/16 |**创建配置网络：10.254.0.0/16**| |--| |`etcdctl ls /`| |`etcdctl mk /atomic.io/network/config '{"Network": "10.254.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type":"vxlan"}} '`| |`etcdctl get /atomic.io/network/config`| ```bash [liruilong@master ansible]$ etcdctl ls / [liruilong@master ansible]$ etcdctl mk /atomic.io/network/config '{"Network": "10.254.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type":"vxlan"}} ' {"Network": "10.254.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type":"vxlan"}} [liruilong@master ansible]$ etcdctl ls / /atomic.io [liruilong@master ansible]$ etcdctl ls /atomic.io /atomic.io/network [liruilong@master ansible]$ etcdctl ls /atomic.io/network /atomic.io/network/config [liruilong@master ansible]$ etcdctl get /atomic.io/network/config {"Network": "10.254.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type":"vxlan"}} [liruilong@master ansible]$ ``` ## 3. flannel 安装配置（k8s所有机器上操作） >flannel是一个网络规划服务，它的功能是让k8s集群中，不同节点主机创建的docker容器，都具有在集群中唯一的虚拟IP地址。flannel 还可以在这些虚拟机IP地址之间建立一个覆盖网络，通过这个覆盖网络，实现不同主机内的容器互联互通；嗯，类似一个vlan的作用。 **kube-master 管理主机上没有docker，只需要安装flannel，修改配置，启动并设置开机自启动即可。** ### 1. ansible 主机清单添加 master节点**嗯，这里因为master节点机需要装包配置，所以我们在主机清单里加了master节点** ```bash [liruilong@master ansible]$ sudo cat /etc/hosts 192.168.1.11  node2 192.168.1.9   node1 192.168.1.10  master [liruilong@master ansible]$ ls ansible.cfg               install_docker_playbook.yml  inventory  timesync.yml install_docker_check.yml  install_etcd_playbook.yml    roles [liruilong@master ansible]$ cat inventory master [nodes] node1 node2 [liruilong@master ansible]$ ansible master -m ping master | SUCCESS => {     "ansible_facts": {         "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"     },     "changed": false,     "ping": "pong" } ``` ### 2. flannel 安装配置 |步骤| |--| |**安装flannel网络软件包**| |**修改配置文件 `/etc/sysconfig/flanneld`**| |**启动服务（`flannel `服务必须在` docker `服务之前启动），记得要把master节点的端口开了，要不就关了防火墙**| | **先启动`flannel`，再启动`docker`**| 编写剧本 ` install_flannel_playbook.yml`： ```yml - name: install flannel or all   hosts: all   vars:     group_node: nodes   tasks:     - yum:         name: flannel         state: present     - lineinfile:         path: /etc/sysconfig/flanneld         regexp: FLANNEL_ETCD_ENDPOINTS="http://127.0.0.1:2379"         line: FLANNEL_ETCD_ENDPOINTS="http://192.168.1.10:2379"     - service:         name: docker         state: stopped       when: group_node in group_names     - service:         name: flanneld         state: restarted         enabled: yes     - service:         name: docker         state: restarted       when: group_node in group_names ``` **执行剧本之前要把master的firewalld 关掉。也可以把2379端口放开** ```bash [liruilong@master ansible]$ su root 密码： ┌──[root@master]-[/home/liruilong/ansible] └─$ systemctl disable flanneld.service --now Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/flanneld.service. Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.wants/flanneld.service. ┌──[root@master]-[/home/liruilong/ansible] └─$ systemctl status flanneld.service ● flanneld.service - Flanneld overlay address etcd agent    Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)    Active: inactive (dead) 9月 12 18:34:24 master flanneld-start[50344]: I0912 18:34:24.046900   50344 manager.go:149] Using interface with name ens33 and address 192.168.1.10 9月 12 18:34:24 master flanneld-start[50344]: I0912 18:34:24.046958   50344 manager.go:166] Defaulting external address to interface address (192.168.1.10) 9月 12 18:34:24 master flanneld-start[50344]: I0912 18:34:24.056681   50344 local_manager.go:134] Found lease (10.254.68.0/24) for current IP (192..., reusing 9月 12 18:34:24 master flanneld-start[50344]: I0912 18:34:24.060343   50344 manager.go:250] Lease acquired: 10.254.68.0/24 9月 12 18:34:24 master flanneld-start[50344]: I0912 18:34:24.062427   50344 network.go:58] Watching for L3 misses 9月 12 18:34:24 master flanneld-start[50344]: I0912 18:34:24.062462   50344 network.go:66] Watching for new subnet leases 9月 12 18:34:24 master systemd[1]: Started Flanneld overlay address etcd agent. 9月 12 18:40:42 master systemd[1]: Stopping Flanneld overlay address etcd agent... 9月 12 18:40:42 master flanneld-start[50344]: I0912 18:40:42.194559   50344 main.go:172] Exiting... 9月 12 18:40:42 master systemd[1]: Stopped Flanneld overlay address etcd agent. Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full. ┌──[root@master]-[/home/liruilong/ansible] └─$ ``` ```bash ┌──[root@master]-[/home/liruilong/ansible] └─$ cat install_flannel_playbook.yml - name: install flannel or all   hosts: all   vars:     group_node: nodes   tasks:     - yum:         name: flannel         state: present     - lineinfile:         path: /etc/sysconfig/flanneld         regexp: FLANNEL_ETCD_ENDPOINTS="http://127.0.0.1:2379"         line: FLANNEL_ETCD_ENDPOINTS="http://192.168.1.10:2379"     - service:         name: docker         state: stopped       when: group_node in group_names     - service:         name: flanneld         state: restarted         enabled: yes     - service:         name: docker         state: restarted       when: group_node in group_names ┌──[root@master]-[/home/liruilong/ansible] └─$ ansible-playbook install_flannel_playbook.yml ``` |剧本 ` install_flannel_playbook.yml`执行| |--| || ### 3. 测试 flannel **这里也可以使用ansible 的docker相关模块处理，我们这里为了方便直接用shell模块** **编写 `install_flannel_check.yml`** |步骤| |--| |**打印node节点机的docker桥接网卡docker0**| |**在node节点机基于centos镜像运行容器，名字为主机名**| |**打印镜像id相关信息**| |**打印全部节点的flannel网卡信息**| ```yml - name: flannel config check   hosts: all   vars:     nodes: nodes   tasks:     - block:         - shell: ifconfig docker0 | head -2           register: out         - debug: msg="{{out}}"         - shell: docker rm -f  {{inventory_hostname}}         - shell: docker run -itd --name {{inventory_hostname}} centos           register: out1         - debug: msg="{{out1}}"       when: nodes in group_names     - shell: ifconfig flannel.1 | head -2       register: out     - debug: msg="{{out}}" ``` **执行剧本** ```bash [liruilong@master ansible]$ cat install_flannel_check.yml - name: flannel config check   hosts: all   vars:     nodes: nodes   tasks:     - block:         - shell: ifconfig docker0 | head -2           register: out         - debug: msg="{{out}}"         - shell: docker rm -f  {{inventory_hostname}}         - shell: docker run -itd --name {{inventory_hostname}} centos           register: out1         - debug: msg="{{out1}}"       when: nodes in group_names     - shell: ifconfig flannel.1 | head -2       register: out     - debug: msg="{{out}}" [liruilong@master ansible]$ [liruilong@master ansible]$ ansible-playbook install_flannel_check.yml PLAY [flannel config check] ************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************* TASK [Gathering Facts] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** ok: [master] ok: [node2] ok: [node1] TASK [shell] **************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** skipping: [master] changed: [node2] changed: [node1] TASK [debug] **************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** skipping: [master] ok: [node1] => {     "msg": {         "changed": true,         "cmd": "ifconfig docker0 | head -2",         "delta": "0:00:00.021769",         "end": "2021-09-12 21:51:44.826682",         "failed": false,         "rc": 0,         "start": "2021-09-12 21:51:44.804913",         "stderr": "",         "stderr_lines": [],         "stdout": "docker0: flags=4163  mtu 1450\n        inet 10.254.97.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 0.0.0.0",         "stdout_lines": [             "docker0: flags=4163  mtu 1450",             "        inet 10.254.97.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 0.0.0.0"         ]     } } ok: [node2] => {     "msg": {         "changed": true,         "cmd": "ifconfig docker0 | head -2",         "delta": "0:00:00.011223",         "end": "2021-09-12 21:51:44.807988",         "failed": false,         "rc": 0,         "start": "2021-09-12 21:51:44.796765",         "stderr": "",         "stderr_lines": [],         "stdout": "docker0: flags=4163  mtu 1450\n        inet 10.254.59.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 0.0.0.0",         "stdout_lines": [             "docker0: flags=4163  mtu 1450",             "        inet 10.254.59.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 0.0.0.0"         ]     } } TASK [shell] **************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** skipping: [master] changed: [node1] changed: [node2] TASK [shell] **************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** skipping: [master] changed: [node1] changed: [node2] TASK [debug] **************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** skipping: [master] ok: [node1] => {     "msg": {         "changed": true,         "cmd": "docker run -itd --name node1 centos",         "delta": "0:00:00.795119",         "end": "2021-09-12 21:51:48.157221",         "failed": false,         "rc": 0,         "start": "2021-09-12 21:51:47.362102",         "stderr": "",         "stderr_lines": [],         "stdout": "1c0628dcb7e772640d9eb58179efc03533e796989f7a802e230f9ebc3012845a",         "stdout_lines": [             "1c0628dcb7e772640d9eb58179efc03533e796989f7a802e230f9ebc3012845a"         ]     } } ok: [node2] => {     "msg": {         "changed": true,         "cmd": "docker run -itd --name node2 centos",         "delta": "0:00:00.787663",         "end": "2021-09-12 21:51:48.194065",         "failed": false,         "rc": 0,         "start": "2021-09-12 21:51:47.406402",         "stderr": "",         "stderr_lines": [],         "stdout": "1931d80f5bfffc23fef714a58ab5b009ed5e2182199b55038bb9b1ccc69ec271",         "stdout_lines": [             "1931d80f5bfffc23fef714a58ab5b009ed5e2182199b55038bb9b1ccc69ec271"         ]     } } TASK [shell] **************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** changed: [master] changed: [node2] changed: [node1] TASK [debug] **************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** ok: [master] => {     "msg": {         "changed": true,         "cmd": "ifconfig flannel.1 | head -2",         "delta": "0:00:00.011813",         "end": "2021-09-12 21:51:48.722196",         "failed": false,         "rc": 0,         "start": "2021-09-12 21:51:48.710383",         "stderr": "",         "stderr_lines": [],         "stdout": "flannel.1: flags=4163  mtu 1450\n        inet 10.254.68.0  netmask 255.255.255.255  broadcast 0.0.0.0",         "stdout_lines": [             "flannel.1: flags=4163  mtu 1450",             "        inet 10.254.68.0  netmask 255.255.255.255  broadcast 0.0.0.0"         ]     } } ok: [node1] => {     "msg": {         "changed": true,         "cmd": "ifconfig flannel.1 | head -2",         "delta": "0:00:00.021717",         "end": "2021-09-12 21:51:49.443800",         "failed": false,         "rc": 0,         "start": "2021-09-12 21:51:49.422083",         "stderr": "",         "stderr_lines": [],         "stdout": "flannel.1: flags=4163  mtu 1450\n        inet 10.254.97.0  netmask 255.255.255.255  broadcast 0.0.0.0",         "stdout_lines": [             "flannel.1: flags=4163  mtu 1450",             "        inet 10.254.97.0  netmask 255.255.255.255  broadcast 0.0.0.0"         ]     } } ok: [node2] => {     "msg": {         "changed": true,         "cmd": "ifconfig flannel.1 | head -2",         "delta": "0:00:00.012259",         "end": "2021-09-12 21:51:49.439005",         "failed": false,         "rc": 0,         "start": "2021-09-12 21:51:49.426746",         "stderr": "",         "stderr_lines": [],         "stdout": "flannel.1: flags=4163  mtu 1450\n        inet 10.254.59.0  netmask 255.255.255.255  broadcast 0.0.0.0",         "stdout_lines": [             "flannel.1: flags=4163  mtu 1450",             "        inet 10.254.59.0  netmask 255.255.255.255  broadcast 0.0.0.0"         ]     } } PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** master                     : ok=3    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=5    rescued=0    ignored=0 node1                      : ok=8    changed=4    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0 node2                      : ok=8    changed=4    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0 [liruilong@master ansible]$ ``` **验证node1上的centos容器能否ping通 node2上的centos容器** ```bash [liruilong@master ansible]$ ssh node1 Last login: Sun Sep 12 21:58:49 2021 from 192.168.1.10 [liruilong@node1 ~]$ sudo docker exec -it node1 /bin/bash [root@1c0628dcb7e7 /]# ip a 1: lo:  mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000     link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00     inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever     inet6 ::1/128 scope host        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 17: eth0@if18:  mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue state UP group default     link/ether 02:42:0a:fe:61:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0     inet 10.254.97.2/24 scope global eth0        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever     inet6 fe80::42:aff:fefe:6102/64 scope link        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@1c0628dcb7e7 /]# exit exit [liruilong@node1 ~]$ exit 登出 Connection to node1 closed. [liruilong@master ansible]$ ssh node2 Last login: Sun Sep 12 21:51:49 2021 from 192.168.1.10 [liruilong@node2 ~]$  sudo docker exec -it node2 /bin/bash [root@1931d80f5bff /]# ip a 1: lo:  mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000     link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00     inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever     inet6 ::1/128 scope host        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 15: eth0@if16:  mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue state UP group default     link/ether 02:42:0a:fe:3b:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0     inet 10.254.59.2/24 scope global eth0        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever     inet6 fe80::42:aff:fefe:3b02/64 scope link        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@1931d80f5bff /]# ping  10.254.97.2 PING 10.254.97.2 (10.254.97.2) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.254.97.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=62 time=99.3 ms 64 bytes from 10.254.97.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=62 time=0.693 ms 64 bytes from 10.254.97.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=62 time=97.6 ms ^C --- 10.254.97.2 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 5ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.693/65.879/99.337/46.100 ms [root@1931d80f5bff /]# ``` **测试可以ping通，到这一步，我们配置了 flannel 网络，实现不同机器间容器互联互通** ## 4. 安装部署 kube-master **嗯，网络配置好之后，我们要在master管理节点安装配置相应的kube-master。先看下有没有包** ```bash [liruilong@master ansible]$ yum list kubernetes-* 已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks Determining fastest mirrors  * base: mirrors.aliyun.com  * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com  * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com 可安装的软件包 kubernetes.x86_64                                                            1.5.2-0.7.git269f928.el7                                                    extras kubernetes-ansible.noarch                                                    0.6.0-0.1.gitd65ebd5.el7                                                    epel kubernetes-client.x86_64                                                     1.5.2-0.7.git269f928.el7                                                    extras kubernetes-master.x86_64                                                     1.5.2-0.7.git269f928.el7                                                    extras kubernetes-node.x86_64                                                       1.5.2-0.7.git269f928.el7                                                    extras [liruilong@master ansible]$ ls /etc/yum.repos.d/ ``` **嗯，如果有1.10的包，最好用 1.10 的，这里我们只有1.5 的就先用1.5 的试试，1.10 的yum源没找到** |步骤| |--| |**关闭交换分区，selinux**| |**配置k8s 的yum源**| |**安装k8s软件包**| |**修改全局配置文件 /etc/kubernetes/config**| |**修改master 配置文件 /etc/kubernetes/apiserver**| |**启动服务**| |**验证服务 kuberctl get cs**| 编写 `install_kube-master_playbook.yml` 剧本 ```yml - name: install  kube-master  or master   hosts: master   tasks:     - shell: swapoff -a     - replace:         path: /etc/fstab         regexp: "/dev/mapper/centos-swap"         replace: "#/dev/mapper/centos-swap"     - shell: cat /etc/fstab       register: out     - debug: msg="{{out}}"     - shell: getenforce       register: out     - debug: msg="{{out}}"     - shell: setenforce 0       when: out.stdout != "Disabled"     - replace:         path: /etc/selinux/config         regexp: "SELINUX=enforcing"         replace: "SELINUX=disabled"     - shell: cat /etc/selinux/config       register: out     - debug: msg="{{out}}"     - yum_repository:         name: Kubernetes         description: K8s aliyun yum         baseurl: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/         gpgcheck: yes         gpgkey: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg         repo_gpgcheck: yes         enabled: yes     - yum:         name: kubernetes-master,kubernetes-client         state:  absent     - yum:         name: kubernetes-master         state: present     - yum:         name: kubernetes-client         state: present     - lineinfile:         path: /etc/kubernetes/config         regexp: KUBE_MASTER="--master=http://127.0.0.1:8080"         line: KUBE_MASTER="--master=http://192.168.1.10:8080"     - lineinfile:         path: /etc/kubernetes/apiserver         regexp: KUBE_API_ADDRESS="--insecure-bind-address=127.0.0.1"         line: KUBE_API_ADDRESS="--insecure-bind-address=0.0.0.0"     - lineinfile:         path: /etc/kubernetes/apiserver         regexp: KUBE_ETCD_SERVERS="--etcd-servers=http://127.0.0.1:2379"         line: KUBE_ETCD_SERVERS="--etcd-servers=http://192.168.1.10:2379"     - lineinfile:         path: /etc/kubernetes/apiserver         regexp: KUBE_SERVICE_ADDRESSES="--service-cluster-ip-range=10.254.0.0/16"         line:   KUBE_SERVICE_ADDRESSES="--service-cluster-ip-range=10.254.0.0/16"     - lineinfile:         path: /etc/kubernetes/apiserver         regexp: KUBE_ADMISSION_CONTROL="--admission-control=NamespaceLifecycle,NamespaceExists,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota"         line:   KUBE_ADMISSION_CONTROL="--admission-control=NamespaceLifecycle,NamespaceExists,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ResourceQuota"     - service:         name: kube-apiserver         state: restarted         enabled: yes     - service:         name: kube-controller-manager         state: restarted         enabled: yes     - service:         name: kube-scheduler         state: restarted         enabled: yes     - shell: kubectl get cs       register: out     - debug: msg="{{out}}" ``` **执行剧本** ```bash [liruilong@master ansible]$ ansible-playbook  install_kube-master_playbook.yml ............ TASK [debug] ************************************************************************************************************************************************** ok: [master] => {     "msg": {         "changed": true,         "cmd": "kubectl get cs",         "delta": "0:00:05.653524",         "end": "2021-09-12 23:44:58.030756",         "failed": false,         "rc": 0,         "start": "2021-09-12 23:44:52.377232",         "stderr": "",         "stderr_lines": [],         "stdout": "NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR\nscheduler            Healthy   ok                  \ncontroller-manager   Healthy   ok                  \netcd-0               Healthy   {\"health\":\"true\"}   ",         "stdout_lines": [             "NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR",             "scheduler            Healthy   ok                  ",             "controller-manager   Healthy   ok                  ",             "etcd-0               Healthy   {\"health\":\"true\"}   "         ]     } } PLAY RECAP **************************************************************************************************************************************************** master                     : ok=13   changed=4    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0 [liruilong@master ansible]$ cat install_kube-master_playbook.yml - name: install  kube-master  or master   hosts: master   tasks:     - shell: swapoff -a     - replace:         path: /etc/fstab         regexp: "/dev/mapper/centos-swap"         replace: "#/dev/mapper/centos-swap"     - shell: cat /etc/fstab       register: out     - debug: msg="{{out}}"     - shell: getenforce       register: out     - debug: msg="{{out}}"     - shell: setenforce 0       when: out.stdout != "Disabled"     - replace:         path: /etc/selinux/config         regexp: "SELINUX=enforcing"         replace: "SELINUX=disabled"     - shell: cat /etc/selinux/config       register: out     - debug: msg="{{out}}"     - yum_repository:         name: Kubernetes         description: K8s aliyun yum         baseurl: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/         gpgcheck: yes         gpgkey: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg         repo_gpgcheck: yes         enabled: yes     - yum:         name: kubernetes-master,kubernetes-client         state:  absent     - yum:         name: kubernetes-master         state: present     - yum:         name: kubernetes-client         state: present     - lineinfile:         path: /etc/kubernetes/config         regexp: KUBE_MASTER="--master=http://127.0.0.1:8080"         line: KUBE_MASTER="--master=http://192.168.1.10:8080"     - lineinfile:         path: /etc/kubernetes/apiserver         regexp: KUBE_API_ADDRESS="--insecure-bind-address=127.0.0.1"         line: KUBE_API_ADDRESS="--insecure-bind-address=0.0.0.0"     - lineinfile:         path: /etc/kubernetes/apiserver         regexp: KUBE_ETCD_SERVERS="--etcd-servers=http://127.0.0.1:2379"         line: KUBE_ETCD_SERVERS="--etcd-servers=http://192.168.1.10:2379"     - lineinfile:         path: /etc/kubernetes/apiserver         regexp: KUBE_SERVICE_ADDRESSES="--service-cluster-ip-range=10.254.0.0/16"         line:   KUBE_SERVICE_ADDRESSES="--service-cluster-ip-range=10.254.0.0/16"     - lineinfile:         path: /etc/kubernetes/apiserver         regexp: KUBE_ADMISSION_CONTROL="--admission-control=NamespaceLifecycle,NamespaceExists,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota"         line:   KUBE_ADMISSION_CONTROL="--admission-control=NamespaceLifecycle,NamespaceExists,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ResourceQuota"     - service:         name: kube-apiserver         state: restarted         enabled: yes     - service:         name: kube-controller-manager         state: restarted         enabled: yes     - service:         name: kube-scheduler         state: restarted         enabled: yes     - shell: kubectl get cs       register: out     - debug: msg="{{out}}" [liruilong@master ansible]$ ``` ## 5. 安装部署 kube-node **管理节点安装成功之后我们要部署相应的计算节点，kube-node 的安装 ( 在所有node服务器上部署 )** |步骤| |--| |**关闭交换分区，selinux**| |**配置k8s 的yum源**| |**安装k8s的node节点软件包**| |**修改kube-node 全局配置文件 /etc/kubernetes/config**| |**修改node 配置文件 /etc/kubernetes/kubelet，这里需要注意的是有一个基础镜像的配置，如果自己的镜像库最好配自己的 **| |**kubelet.kubeconfig 文件生成**| |**设置集群：将生成的信息，写入到kubelet.kubeconfig文件中**| |**Pod 镜像安装**| |**启动服务并验证**| 剧本编写： `install_kube-node_playbook.yml` ```yml [liruilong@master ansible]$ cat  - name: install kube-node or nodes   hosts: nodes   tasks:     - shell: swapoff -a     - replace:         path: /etc/fstab         regexp: "/dev/mapper/centos-swap"         replace: "#/dev/mapper/centos-swap"     - shell: cat /etc/fstab       register: out     - debug: msg="{{out}}"     - shell: getenforce       register: out     - debug: msg="{{out}}"     - shell: setenforce 0       when: out.stdout != "Disabled"     - replace:         path: /etc/selinux/config         regexp: "SELINUX=enforcing"         replace: "SELINUX=disabled"     - shell: cat /etc/selinux/config       register: out     - debug: msg="{{out}}"     - yum_repository:         name: Kubernetes         description: K8s aliyun yum         baseurl: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/         gpgcheck: yes         gpgkey: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg         repo_gpgcheck: yes         enabled: yes     - yum:         name: kubernetes-node         state: absent     - yum:         name: kubernetes-node         state: present     - lineinfile:         path: /etc/kubernetes/config         regexp: KUBE_MASTER="--master=http://127.0.0.1:8080"         line:   KUBE_MASTER="--master=http://192.168.1.10:8080"     - lineinfile:         path: /etc/kubernetes/kubelet         regexp: KUBELET_ADDRESS="--address=127.0.0.1"         line:   KUBELET_ADDRESS="--address=0.0.0.0"     - lineinfile:         path: /etc/kubernetes/kubelet         regexp: KUBELET_HOSTNAME="--hostname-override=127.0.0.1"         line:   KUBELET_HOSTNAME="--hostname-override={{inventory_hostname}}"     - lineinfile:         path: /etc/kubernetes/kubelet         regexp: KUBELET_API_SERVER="--api-servers=http://127.0.0.1:8080"         line:   KUBELET_API_SERVER="--api-servers=http://192.168.1.10:8080"     - lineinfile:         path: /etc/kubernetes/kubelet         regexp: KUBELET_ARGS=""         line:   KUBELET_ARGS="--cgroup-driver=systemd   --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig"     - shell: kubectl config set-cluster local --server="http://192.168.1.10:8080"     - shell: kubectl config set-context --cluster="local" local     - shell: kubectl config set current-context local     - shell: kubectl config view       register: out     - debug: msg="{{out}}"     - copy:         dest: /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig         content: "{{out.stdout}}"         force: yes     - shell: docker pull tianyebj/pod-infrastructure:latest     - service:         name: kubelet         state: restarted         enabled: yes     - service:         name: kube-proxy         state: restarted         enabled: yes - name: service check   hosts: master   tasks:     - shell: sleep 10       async: 11     - shell: kubectl get node       register: out     - debug: msg="{{out}}" ``` 执行剧本 `install_kube-node_playbook.yml` ```bash [liruilong@master ansible]$ ansible-playbook install_kube-node_playbook.yml ........ ... TASK [debug] ************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** ok: [master] => {     "msg": {         "changed": true,         "cmd": "kubectl get node",         "delta": "0:00:00.579772",         "end": "2021-09-15 02:00:34.829752",         "failed": false,         "rc": 0,         "start": "2021-09-15 02:00:34.249980",         "stderr": "",         "stderr_lines": [],         "stdout": "NAME      STATUS    AGE\nnode1     Ready     1d\nnode2     Ready     1d",         "stdout_lines": [             "NAME      STATUS    AGE",             "node1     Ready     1d",             "node2     Ready     1d"         ]     } } PLAY RECAP **************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** master                     : ok=4    changed=2    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0 node1                      : ok=27   changed=19   unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=1    rescued=0    ignored=0 node2                      : ok=27   changed=19   unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=1    rescued=0    ignored=0 [liruilong@master ansible]$ ```  ## 6. 安装部署 kube-dashboard **dashboard 镜像安装:kubernetes-dashboard 是 kubernetes 的web管理面板.这里的话一定要和K8s的版本对应，包括配置文件** ```bash [liruilong@master ansible]$ ansible node1 -m shell -a 'docker search kubernetes-dashboard' [liruilong@master ansible]$ ansible node1 -m shell -a 'docker pull  docker.io/rainf/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64' ``` **kube-dashboard.yaml 文件，修改dashboard的yaml文件，在kube-master上操作** ```yml kind: Deployment apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 metadata:   labels:     app: kubernetes-dashboard   name: kubernetes-dashboard   namespace: kube-system spec:   replicas: 1   selector:     matchLabels:       app: kubernetes-dashboard   template:     metadata:       labels:         app: kubernetes-dashboard       # Comment the following annotation if Dashboard must not be deployed on master       annotations:         scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/tolerations: |           [             {               "key": "dedicated",               "operator": "Equal",               "value": "master",               "effect": "NoSchedule"             }           ]     spec:       containers:       - name: kubernetes-dashboard         image:  docker.io/rainf/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64      #默认的镜像是使用google的，这里改成docker仓库的         imagePullPolicy: Always         ports:         - containerPort: 9090           protocol: TCP         args:           # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host           # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect           # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.           - --apiserver-host=http://192.168.1.10:8080    #注意这里是api的地址         livenessProbe:           httpGet:             path: /             port: 9090           initialDelaySeconds: 30           timeoutSeconds: 30 --- kind: Service apiVersion: v1 metadata:   labels:     app: kubernetes-dashboard   name: kubernetes-dashboard   namespace: kube-system spec:   type: NodePort   ports:   - port: 80     targetPort: 9090     nodePort: 30090   selector:     app: kubernetes-dashboard ``` **根据yaml文件，创建dashboard容器，在kube-master上操作** ```bash [liruilong@master ansible]$ vim kube-dashboard.yaml [liruilong@master ansible]$ kubectl create -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml deployment "kubernetes-dashboard" created service "kubernetes-dashboard" created [liruilong@master ansible]$ kubectl get pods --all-namespaces NAMESPACE     NAME                                    READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE kube-system   kubernetes-dashboard-1953799730-jjdfj   1/1       Running   0          6s [liruilong@master ansible]$ ``` **看一下在那个节点上，然后访问试试** ```bash [liruilong@master ansible]$ ansible nodes -a  "docker ps" node2 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                                        COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES 14433d421746        docker.io/rainf/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64                   "/dashboard --port..."   10 minutes ago      Up 10 minutes                           k8s_kubernetes-dashboard.c82dac6b_kubernetes-dashboard-1953799730-jjdfj_kube-system_ea2ec370-1594-11ec-bbb1-000c294efe34_9c65bb2a afc4d4a56eab        registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7/pod-infrastructure:latest   "/usr/bin/pod"           10 minutes ago      Up 10 minutes                           k8s_POD.28c50bab_kubernetes-dashboard-1953799730-jjdfj_kube-system_ea2ec370-1594-11ec-bbb1-000c294efe34_6851b7ee node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES [liruilong@master ansible]$ ``` **在 node2上，即可以通过 `http://192.168.1.11:30090/` 访问，我们测试一下**  *** ### 后记 **嗯，到这里，就完成了全部的`Linux+Docker+Ansible+K8S `学习环境搭建。k8s的搭建方式有些落后，但是刚开始学习，慢慢来，接下来就进行愉快的 K8S学习吧。**