实验步骤如下：
1、使用rman备份全库
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sun Jun 8 15:30:35 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: PROD (DBID=254815294)
RMAN> backup database;
Starting backup at 08-JUN-14
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=142 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 08-JUN-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 08-JUN-14
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/01pab691_1_1 tag=TAG20140608T153040 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 08-JUN-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 08-JUN-14
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/02pab69q_1_1 tag=TAG20140608T153040 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 08-JUN-14
2、利用BBED破坏块
（1）针对gyj_t1表的20869号块做测试，现在可以查出记录
gyj@PROD> select id,name,dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid),dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid) from gyj_t1;
ID NAME DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_RELATIVE_FNO(ROWID) DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_BLOCK_NUMBER(ROWID)
---------- ---------- ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------
1 oracledba 5 20869
（2）使用BBED破坏20869号块的seq
[root@jfdb ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@jfdb ~]$ bbed parfile=par.txt
Password:
BBED: Release 2.0.0.0.0 - Limited Production on Sun Jun 8 15:33:10 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
************* !!! For Oracle Internal Use only !!! ***************
BBED> set file 5 block 20869
FILE# 5
BLOCK# 20869
BBED> map /v
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
Block: 20869 Dba:0x01405185
------------------------------------------------------------
KTB Data Block (Table/Cluster)
struct kcbh, 20 bytes @0
ub1 type_kcbh @0
ub1 frmt_kcbh @1
ub1 spare1_kcbh @2
ub1 spare2_kcbh @3
ub4 rdba_kcbh @4
ub4 bas_kcbh @8
ub2 wrp_kcbh @12
ub1 seq_kcbh @14
ub1 flg_kcbh @15
ub2 chkval_kcbh @16
ub2 spare3_kcbh @18
struct ktbbh, 72 bytes @20
ub1 ktbbhtyp @20
union ktbbhsid, 4 bytes @24
struct ktbbhcsc, 8 bytes @28
sb2 ktbbhict @36
ub1 ktbbhflg @38
ub1 ktbbhfsl @39
ub4 ktbbhfnx @40
struct ktbbhitl[2], 48 bytes @44
struct kdbh, 14 bytes @100
ub1 kdbhflag @100
sb1 kdbhntab @101
sb2 kdbhnrow @102
sb2 kdbhfrre @104
sb2 kdbhfsbo @106
sb2 kdbhfseo @108
sb2 kdbhavsp @110
sb2 kdbhtosp @112
struct kdbt[1], 4 bytes @114
sb2 kdbtoffs @114
sb2 kdbtnrow @116
sb2 kdbr[1] @118
ub1 freespace[8038] @120
ub1 rowdata[30] @8158
ub4 tailchk @8188
BBED> p kcbh
struct kcbh, 20 bytes @0
ub1 type_kcbh @0 0x06
ub1 frmt_kcbh @1 0xa2
ub1 spare1_kcbh @2 0x00
ub1 spare2_kcbh @3 0x00
ub4 rdba_kcbh @4 0x01405185
ub4 bas_kcbh @8 0x00176fed
ub2 wrp_kcbh @12 0x0000
ub1 seq_kcbh @14 0x01
ub1 flg_kcbh @15 0x06 (KCBHFDLC, KCBHFCKV)
ub2 chkval_kcbh @16 0xc140
ub2 spare3_kcbh @18 0x0000
BBED> m /x ff offset 14
Warning: contents of previous BIFILE will be lost. Proceed? (Y/N) y
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
Block: 20869 Offsets: 14 to 525 Dba:0x01405185
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ff0640c1 00000100 00003945 0000eb6f 17000000 00000200 32008051 40010700
20008b02 00002c49 c0002301 02000080 0000876d 17000300 1a007503 0000bf1f
c0002501 0c000120 0000ed6f 17000000 00000000 00000001 0100ffff 14007a1f
741f741f 00000100 7a1f0000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
<32 bytes per line>
BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 5, Block 20869:
current = 0xc1be, required = 0xc1be
(3)校验报坏块
BBED> verify
DBVERIFY - Verification starting
FILE = /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf
BLOCK = 20869
Block 20869 is corrupt
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x01405185 (file 0, block 20869)
Fractured block found during verification
Data in bad block:
type: 6 format: 2 rdba: 0x01405185
last change scn: 0x0000.00176fed seq: 0xff flg: 0x06
spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0
consistency value in tail: 0x6fed0601
check value in block header: 0xc1be
computed block checksum: 0x0
DBVERIFY - Verification complete
Total Blocks Examined : 1
Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Failing (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0
Total Blocks Failing (Index): 0
Total Blocks Empty : 0
Total Blocks Marked Corrupt : 1
Total Blocks Influx : 2
Message 531 not found; product=RDBMS; facility=BBED
（4）确定不能查gyj_t1表的记录
gyj@PROD> alter system flush buffer_cache;
System altered.
gyj@PROD> select id,name,dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid),dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid) from gyj_t1;
select id,name,dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid),dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid) from gyj_t1
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 5, block # 20869)
ORA-01110: data file 5: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf'
3、使用RMAN验证5号数据文件
RMAN> backup validate datafile 5;
Starting backup at 08-JUN-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
List of Datafiles
=================
File Status Marked Corrupt Empty Blocks Blocks Examined High SCN
---- ------ -------------- ------------ --------------- ----------
5 FAILED 0 114 64000 1659211
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf
Block Type Blocks Failing Blocks Processed
---------- -------------- ----------------
Data 1 58883
Index 0 4221
Other 0 782
validate found one or more corrupt blocks
See trace file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/prod/PROD/trace/PROD_ora_2750.trc for details
Finished backup at 08-JUN-14
4、查5号文件的坏块
gyj@PROD> select FILE#,BLOCK#,BLOCKS,CORRUPTION_CHANGE#,CORRUPTION_TYPE from v$database_block_corruption where file#=5;
FILE# BLOCK# BLOCKS CORRUPTION_CHANGE# CORRUPTIO
---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------ ---------
5 20869 1 0 FRACTURED
5、使用rman恢复坏块
RMAN> blockrecover datafile 5 block 20869;
Starting recover at 08-JUN-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring block(s)
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying block(s) to restore from backup set
restoring blocks of datafile 00005
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/01pab691_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/01pab691_1_1 tag=TAG20140608T153040
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored block(s) from backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: block restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished recover at 08-JUN-14
6、再次查5号文件的坏块，已经消息了（如果还有记录，那再次执行backup validate datafile 5;）
gyj@PROD> select FILE#,BLOCK#,BLOCKS,CORRUPTION_CHANGE#,CORRUPTION_TYPE from v$database_block_corruption where file#=5;
no rows selected
7、查表gyj_t1记录也有了，说明恢复成功
gyj@PROD> select id,name,dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid),dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid) from gyj_t1;
ID NAME DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_RELATIVE_FNO(ROWID) DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_BLOCK_NUMBER(ROWID)
---------- ---------- ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------
1 oracledba 5
