无备份恢复各种场景的处理

1.恢复密码文件
orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwocp password=oracle force=y ignorecase=y;
--注：普通用户的密码大小写是否区分由初始参数sec_case_sensitive_logon,不归密码文件处理

2.恢复参数文件
找alert_sid.log日志

3.无备份的控制文件
*场景1：在线日志无损的情况下的重建

    rm -rf control*

shutdown abort;

    startup nomount;

CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "BXDB" NORESETLOGS...
reocver database;
alter database open;
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bxdb/temp01.dbf' reuse;
*场景2：在线日志损坏的情况下的重建

   shutdown immediate;       --注这里要正常关闭数据库，否则会要求system做恢复???
   rm -rf control*
   rm -rf  redo*
   startup nomount;
   CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "BXDB" RESETLOGS...
   recover database until cancel using  BACKUP CONTROLFILE;--RMAN>recover database until sequence 2;
   alter database open resetlogs;
   ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bxdb/temp01.dbf' reuse;

*场景3：具有只读数据文件情况下的重建

   startup nomount;
   CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "BXDB" NORESETLOGS...
   recover database;    --recover database using backup controlfile;
   alter database open; --alter database open resetlogs;
   alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11g/dbs/MISSING00005' to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bxdb/tp2.dbf';
   alter tablespace tp12 online; --不能设数据文件在线(alter database datafile 7;)
   ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocp/temp01.dbf' reuse;

*场景4：使用控制文件快照恢复

  cp /u01/app/oracle/product/11g/dbs/snapcf_ocp.f /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocp/control01.ctl
  cp /u01/app/oracle/product/11g/dbs/snapcf_ocp.f /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocp/control02.ctl
  cp /u01/app/oracle/product/11g/dbs/snapcf_ocp.f /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocp/control03.ctl
  startup mount;
  recover database using backup controlfile; --RMAN>recover database;
  alter database open resetlogs;

4.恢复数据文件
rm -rf tp5.dbf;
alter database datafile 8 offline;
alter database create datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocp/tp12.dbf';
select * from t20; ---报错没找到文件
recover datafile 8;
alter database datafile 8 online;

5.恢复临时文件
alter tablesapce temp add tempfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oca/temp02.dbf' size 20M autoextend on;
alter tablesapce temp drop tempfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oca/temp01.dbf';

6.恢复在线重做日志
*场景1：每个日志组有两个在线日志成员，1号组是其中一个redo01B.log损坏了

alter database drop logfile member '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oca/redo01B.log';
alter database add  logfile member '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oca/redo01B.log' to group 1;

*场景2：每个日志组有两个在线日志成员，1号组的所有日志（redo01A.log和redo01B.log）损坏了

 alter database clear logfile group 1;
 alter database clear unarchived logfile group 1;

*场景3：所有日志组全部损坏了

 rm -rf redo*
 shutdown immediate;
 startup mount;
 recover database until cancel;
 alter database open resetlogs;