小菜在之前尝试 EventChannel 时曾经用到过 Stream 流数据,现在准备学习一下 flutter_bloc 时也主要用到 Stream 来做异步处理,于是简单学习一下何为 Stream?
A source of asynchronous data events.
Stream 主要应用于 Flutter 的异步操作,在其他编程语言中也存在;Stream 提供了一种接受事件队列的方法,可通过 listen 进行数据监听,通过 error 接收失败状态,通过 done 来接收结束状态;
1. Stream 创建
Flutter 提供了多种创建 Stream 的方式;
1.1 Stream.fromFuture(Future future)
Stream 通过 Future 创建新的单订阅流,当 Future 完成时会触发 data / error,然后以 done 事件结束;
Future<String> getData() async {
await Future.delayed(Duration(seconds: 3));
return '当前时间为:${DateTime.now()}';
}
_streamFromFuture() {
Stream.fromFuture(getData())
.listen((event) => print('Stream.fromFuture -> $event'))
.onDone(() => print('Stream.fromFuture -> done 结束'));
}
1.2 Stream.fromFutures(Iterable> futures)
Stream 通过一系列的 Future 创建新的单订阅流,每个 Future 都会有自身的 data / error 事件,当这一系列的 Future 均完成时,Stream 以 done 事件结束;若 Futures 为空,则 Stream 会立刻关闭;其分析源码,很直接的看到是将每一个 Future 事件监听完之后才会执行的微事件结束;
====================================== 源码 ======================================
factory Stream.fromFutures(Iterable<Future<T>> futures) {
_StreamController<T> controller =
new _SyncStreamController<T>(null, null, null, null);
int count = 0;
var onValue = (T value) {
if (!controller.isClosed) {
controller._add(value);
if (--count == 0) controller._closeUnchecked();
}
};
var onError = (error, StackTrace stack) {
if (!controller.isClosed) {
controller._addError(error, stack);
if (--count == 0) controller._closeUnchecked();
}
};
for (var future in futures) {
count++;
future.then(onValue, onError: onError);
}
// Use schedule microtask since controller is sync.
if (count == 0) scheduleMicrotask(controller.close);
return controller.stream;
}
====================================== 测试 ======================================
_streamFromFutures() {
var data = [getData(), getData(), getData()];
Stream.fromFutures(data)
.listen((event) => print('Stream.fromFutures -> $event'))
.onDone(() => print('Stream.fromFutures -> done 结束'));
}
1.3 Stream.fromIterable(Iterable elements)
Stream 通过数据集合中获取并创建单订阅流,通过 listen 监听迭代器中每一个子 element,当 Stream 监听到取消订阅或 Iterator.moveNext 返回 false / throw 异常 时停止迭代;
_streamFromIterable() {
var data = [1, 2, '3.toString()', true, false, 6];
Stream.fromIterable(data)
.listen((event) => print('Stream.fromIterable -> $event'))
.onDone(() => print('Stream.fromIterable -> done 结束'));
}
1.4 Stream.periodic(Duration period, [T computation(int computationCount)])
Stream 通过 Duration 对象作为参数创建一个周期性事件流,其中若不设置 computation 时 onData 获取数据为 null;若没有事件结束则会一直周期性执行;
_streamFromPeriodic() {
Duration interval = Duration(seconds: 1);
// onData 获取数据为 null
Stream<int> stream = Stream<int>.periodic(interval);
stream.listen((event) {
print('Stream.periodic -> $event');
}).onDone(() {
print('Stream.periodic -> done 结束');
});
// onData 获取数据为 int 类型 data
Stream<int> streamData = Stream<int>.periodic(interval, (data) => data);
streamData.listen((event) {
print('Stream.periodic -> $event');
if (event >= 10) {}
}).onDone(() {
print('Stream.periodic -> done 结束');
});
}
2. Stream 基本操作
2.1 Stream take(int count)
take() 对于单订阅方式,可以提供 take 设置之前的 Stream 订阅数据,例如设置中断 Stream.periodic 周期展示次数;小菜粗略理解为 take 可以作为中断订阅,如果 take 设置次数大于 onDone 之前的订阅数据次数,Stream 依旧获取所有 onDone 之前的订阅数据;
_streamFromPeriodic() {
Duration interval = Duration(seconds: 1);
Stream<int> streamData = Stream<int>.periodic(interval, (data) => data + 1);
streamData.take(5).listen((event) {
print('Stream.periodic -> $event');
}).onDone(() {
print('Stream.periodic -> done 结束');
});
}
_streamFromIterable() {
var data = [1, 2, '3.toString()', true, false, 6];
Stream.fromIterable(data)
.take(8)
.listen((event) => print('Stream.fromIterable -> $event'))
.onDone(() => print('Stream.fromIterable -> done 结束'));
}
2.2 Stream takeWhile(bool test(T element))
takeWhile 也可以实现上述相同效果,通过 test 返回一个 boolean 类型,如果为 false 则中断订阅;
_streamFromPeriodic() {
Duration interval = Duration(seconds: 1);
Stream<int> streamData = Stream<int>.periodic(interval, (data) => data + 1);
streamData.takeWhile((element) {
print('Stream.periodic.takeWhile -> $element');
return element <= 5;
}).listen((event) {
print('Stream.periodic -> $event');
}).onDone(() {
print('Stream.periodic -> done 结束');
});
}
2.3 Stream where(bool test(T event))
where 用于在当前 Stream 中创建一个新的 Stream 用来丢弃不符合 test 的数据;小菜简单理解为类似数据库查询一样,仅过滤符合需求的数据流;且 where 可以设置多次;
Stream<int> streamData = Stream<int>.periodic(interval, (data) => data + 1);
streamData.takeWhile((element) {
print('Stream.periodic.takeWhile -> $element');
return element <= 5;
}).where((event) {
print('Stream.periodic.where -> $event');
return event > 3;
}).listen((event) {
print('Stream.periodic -> $event');
}).onDone(() {
print('Stream.periodic -> done 结束');
});
2.4 Stream distinct([bool equals(T previous, T next)])
distinct 小菜理解为相邻两个数据滤重;
var data = [1, 2, '3.toString()', true, true, false, true, 6];
Stream.fromIterable(data)
.distinct()
.listen((event) => print('Stream.fromIterable -> $event'))
.onDone(() => print('Stream.fromIterable -> done 结束'));
2.5 Stream skip(int count)
skip 用于跳过符合条件的订阅数据次数;
Stream<int> streamData = Stream<int>.periodic(interval, (data) => data + 1);
streamData.takeWhile((element) {
print('Stream.periodic.takeWhile -> $element');
return element <= 6;
}).where((event) {
print('Stream.periodic.where -> $event');
return event > 2;
})
.skip(2).listen((event) {
print('Stream.periodic -> $event');
}).onDone(() {
print('Stream.periodic -> done 结束');
});
2.6 Stream skipWhile(bool test(T element))
skipWhile 用于跳过在 where 符合条件下满足设置 test 条件的订阅数据;即当 test 为 true 时跳过当前订阅数据监听;
Stream<int> streamData = Stream<int>.periodic(interval, (data) => data + 1);
streamData.takeWhile((element) {
print('Stream.periodic.takeWhile -> $element');
return element <= 6;
}).where((event) {
print('Stream.periodic.where -> $event');
return event > 2;
}).skipWhile((element) {
print('Stream.periodic.skipWhile -> $element');
return element <= 4;
}).listen((event) {
print('Stream.periodic -> $event');
}).onDone(() {
print('Stream.periodic -> done 结束');
});
2.7 Stream map(S convert(T event))
在当前 Stream 基础上创建一个新的 Stream 并对当前 Stream 进行数据操作,onData 监听到的是 map 变更后的新的数据流;
Stream<int> streamData = Stream<int>.periodic(interval, (data) => data + 1);
streamData.takeWhile((element) {
print('Stream.periodic.takeWhile -> $element');
return element <= 6;
}).where((event) {
print('Stream.periodic.where -> $event');
return event > 2;
}).skipWhile((element) {
print('Stream.periodic.skipWhile -> $element');
return element <= 4;
}).map((event) {
print('Stream.periodic.map -> $event -> ${event * 100}');
return event * 100;
}).listen((event) {
print('Stream.periodic -> $event');
}).onDone(() {
print('Stream.periodic -> done 结束');
});
2.8 Stream expand(Iterable convert(T element))
在当前 Stream 基础上创建新的 Stream 并将当前订阅数据转为新的订阅数据组,onData 监听 数据组 中每个新的订阅数据元素;
Stream<int> streamData = Stream<int>.periodic(interval, (data) => data + 1);
streamData.takeWhile((element) {
print('Stream.periodic.takeWhile -> $element');
return element <= 6;
}).where((event) {
print('Stream.periodic.where -> $event');
return event > 2;
}).skipWhile((element) {
print('Stream.periodic.skipWhile -> $element');
return element <= 4;
}).expand((element) {
print('Stream.periodic.expand -> $element -> ${element * 10} -> ${element * 100}');
return [element, element * 10, element * 100];
}).listen((event) {
print('Stream.periodic -> $event');
}).onDone(() {
print('Stream.periodic -> done 结束');
});
2.9 Future get length
Stream 监听订阅事件结束后,符合 where 条件的数量;
_streamLength(index) async {
Duration interval = Duration(seconds: 1);
Stream<int> streamData = Stream<int>.periodic(interval, (data) => data + 1);
streamData = streamData.takeWhile((element) {
print('Stream.periodic.takeWhile -> $element');
return element <= 6;
}).where((event) {
print('Stream.periodic.where -> $event');
return event > 2;
}).skipWhile((element) {
print('Stream.periodic.skipWhile -> $element');
return element <= 4;
});
switch (index) {
case 1:
var length = await streamData.length;
print('Stream.length -> $length');
break;
case 2:
var isEmpty = await streamData.isEmpty;
print('Stream.isEmpty -> $isEmpty');
break;
case 3:
var isBroadcast = await streamData.isBroadcast;
print('Stream.isBroadcast -> $isBroadcast');
break;
case 4:
var first = await streamData.first;
print('Stream.first -> $first');
break;
case 5:
var last = await streamData.last;
print('Stream.last -> $last');
break;
}
}
2.10 Future get isEmpty
Stream 监听订阅事件结束后,统计是否符合 where 条件的订阅数据是否为空;
_streamLength(2);
2.11 Future get first
获取 Stream 符合条件的第一个订阅数据;
_streamLength(4);
2.12 Future get last
获取 Stream 符合条件的最后一个订阅数据;
_streamLength(5);
2.13 Future> toList()
在 Stream 监听结束之后,将订阅数据存储在 List 中,该操作为异步操作;
_streamToList() async {
var data = [1, 2, '3.toString()', true, true, false, true, 6];
Stream stream = Stream.fromIterable(data).distinct();
List list = await stream.toList();
if (list != null) {
print('Stream.toList -> ${list}');
for (int i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
print('Stream.toList -> ${i + 1} -> ${list[i]}');
}
}
}
2.14 Future> toSet()
在 Stream 监听结束之后,将订阅数据存储在 Set 中,Set 可以过滤重复数据;
_streamToSet() async {
var data = [1, 2, '3.toString()', true, true, false, true, 6];
Stream stream = Stream.fromIterable(data);
Set set = await stream.toSet();
if (set != null) {
print('Stream.toSet -> ${set}');
}
}
2.15 Future forEach(void action(T element))
监听 Stream 中订阅数据,是对 listen 方式的一种监听;
_streamForEach() {
var data = [1, 2, '3.toString()', true, true, false, true, 6];
Stream stream = Stream.fromIterable(data).distinct();
stream.forEach((element) => print('Stream.forEach -> $element'));
}
小菜对 Stream 的尝试才刚刚开始,还有众多方法未曾尝试,对 Stream 的理解还很浅显,如有错误请多多指导!
来源: 阿策小和尚