一、问题描述
在一次备份过程中使用mysqldump以单表时间数据类型进行过滤备份,到恢复数据时发现mysqldump备份出来的sql文件中并没有数据。
二、问题复现与排查
2.1 问题复现
为了更好的问题排查,在表中建立了timestamp和datetime两列进行对比验证,表结构和数据如下:
mysql> show create table t1;
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| t1 | CREATE TABLE `t1` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`time1` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
`time2` datetime NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=21 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 |
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from t1;
+----+---------------------+---------------------+
| id | time1 | time2 |
+----+---------------------+---------------------+
| 1 | 2019-07-08 13:10:13 | 2019-07-08 13:10:13 |
| 2 | 2019-07-08 13:10:14 | 2019-07-08 13:10:14 |
| 3 | 2019-07-08 13:10:15 | 2019-07-08 13:10:15 |
| 4 | 2019-07-08 13:10:15 | 2019-07-08 13:10:15 |
| 5 | 2019-07-08 13:10:15 | 2019-07-08 13:10:15 |
| 6 | 2019-07-08 13:10:16 | 2019-07-08 13:10:16 |
| 7 | 2019-07-08 13:10:16 | 2019-07-08 13:10:16 |
| 8 | 2019-07-08 13:10:18 | 2019-07-08 13:10:18 |
| 9 | 2019-07-08 13:12:48 | 2019-07-08 13:12:48 |
| 10 | 2019-07-08 13:12:49 | 2019-07-08 13:12:49 |
| 11 | 2019-07-08 13:12:49 | 2019-07-08 13:12:49 |
| 12 | 2019-07-08 13:12:54 | 2019-07-08 13:12:54 |
| 13 | 2019-07-08 13:13:13 | 2019-07-08 13:13:13 |
| 14 | 2019-07-08 13:13:16 | 2019-07-08 13:13:16 |
| 15 | 2019-07-08 13:13:17 | 2019-07-08 13:13:17 |
| 16 | 2019-07-08 13:13:19 | 2019-07-08 13:13:19 |
| 17 | 2019-07-08 13:13:21 | 2019-07-08 13:13:21 |
| 18 | 2019-07-08 13:13:22 | 2019-07-08 13:13:22 |
| 19 | 2019-07-08 13:13:23 | 2019-07-08 13:13:23 |
| 20 | 2019-07-08 13:13:25 | 2019-07-08 13:13:25 |
+----+---------------------+---------------------+
20 rows in set (0.00 sec)
使用mysqldump对timestamp和datetime两种数据类型进行过滤备份,备份语句和备份结果如下:
使用timestamp列作为过滤条件的备份语句:
mysqldump -uroot -p -S /usr/local/mysql/data/sock/mysql.sock --default-character-set=utf8 -q --master-data=2 --single-transaction --triggers --routines --events --databases boke --tables t1 --where "time1>'2019-07-08 13:12:48'">t1_time1.sql
使用datetime列作为过滤条件的备份语句:
mysqldump -uroot -p -S /usr/local/mysql/data/sock/mysql.sock --default-character-set=utf8 -q --master-data=2 --single-transaction --triggers --routines --events --databases boke --tables t1 --where "time2>'2019-07-08 13:12:48'">t1_time2.sql
使用timestamp列作为过滤条件的备份结果:
···
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
···
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t1`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `t1` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`time1` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
`time2` datetime NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=21 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
--
-- Dumping data for table `t1`
--
-- WHERE: time1>'2019-07-08 13:12:48'
LOCK TABLES `t1` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `t1` DISABLE KEYS */;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `t1` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;
使用datetime列作为过滤条件的备份结果:
···
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
···
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t1`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `t1` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`time1` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
`time2` datetime NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=21 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
--
-- Dumping data for table `t1`
--
-- WHERE: time2>'2019-07-08 13:12:48'
LOCK TABLES `t1` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `t1` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `t1` VALUES (10,'2019-07-08 05:12:49','2019-07-08 13:12:49'),(11,'2019-07-08 05:12:49','2019-07-08 13:12:49'),(12,'2019-07-08 05:12:54','2019-07-08 13:12:54'),(13,'2019-07-08 05:13:13','2019-07-08 13:13:13'),(14,'2019-07-08 05:13:16','2019-07-08 13:13:16'),(15,'2019-07-08 05:13:17','2019-07-08 13:13:17'),(16,'2019-07-08 05:13:19','2019-07-08 13:13:19'),(17,'2019-07-08 05:13:21','2019-07-08 13:13:21'),(18,'2019-07-08 05:13:22','2019-07-08 13:13:22'),(19,'2019-07-08 05:13:23','2019-07-08 13:13:23'),(20,'2019-07-08 05:13:25','2019-07-08 13:13:25');
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `t1` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;
进行数据恢复:
mysql -S /usr/local/mysql/data/sock/mysql.sock boke<t1_time2.sql
mysql -S /usr/local/mysql/data/sock/mysql.sock -e "select * from boke.t1;"
+----+---------------------+---------------------+
| id | time1 | time2 |
+----+---------------------+---------------------+
| 10 | 2019-07-08 13:12:49 | 2019-07-08 13:12:49 |
| 11 | 2019-07-08 13:12:49 | 2019-07-08 13:12:49 |
| 12 | 2019-07-08 13:12:54 | 2019-07-08 13:12:54 |
| 13 | 2019-07-08 13:13:13 | 2019-07-08 13:13:13 |
| 14 | 2019-07-08 13:13:16 | 2019-07-08 13:13:16 |
| 15 | 2019-07-08 13:13:17 | 2019-07-08 13:13:17 |
| 16 | 2019-07-08 13:13:19 | 2019-07-08 13:13:19 |
| 17 | 2019-07-08 13:13:21 | 2019-07-08 13:13:21 |
| 18 | 2019-07-08 13:13:22 | 2019-07-08 13:13:22 |
| 19 | 2019-07-08 13:13:23 | 2019-07-08 13:13:23 |
| 20 | 2019-07-08 13:13:25 | 2019-07-08 13:13:25 |
+----+---------------------+---------------------+
2.2 问题分析
由上文的备份结果可知,在相同条件下,使用timestamp列作为过滤条件进行备份时,备份文件中并没有备份数据;在使用datetime列作为过滤条件进行备份的情况下,可以发现虽然是有数据的,但是'time1'和'time2'两列的时间不一致。
看到上面这个现象,这个时候我们应该就明白了,问题出在这两个时间数据类型上面。对于timestamp这种数据类型,会把客户端插入的时间从当前时区转化为UTC(世界标准时间)进行存储。查询时,将其又转化为客户端当前时区进行返回。而对于datetime这种数据类型,不会做任何改变,就是原样输入和输出。也就是说timestamp数据类型的记录导出会以utc时间格式导出,导入库中自动由UTC格式转为系统默认时区,所以看到导出文件timestamp内容和实际存储的不相符。同时也可以明白为什么使用time1列作为过滤条件为什么备份文件中没有数据。因为timestamp数据类型在数据库中是以utc时间格式存储,也就是将时间回退八个小时,但是过滤条件依旧是原来的时间。这就会导致备份时过滤出的结果并不是原本需要的,导致备份“失败”。
三、解决办法
在使用mysqldump备份时,加入参数--skip-tz-utc用于禁止timestamp时区转换。
mysqldump -S /usr/local/mysql/data/sock/mysql.sock --default-character-set=utf8 -q --master-data=2 --single-transaction --triggers --routines --events --skip-tz-utc --databases boke --tables t1 --where "time1>'2019-07-08 13:12:48'">t1_time1_2.sql
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t1`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;
SET character_set_client = utf8mb4 ;
CREATE TABLE `t1` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`time1` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
`time2` datetime NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=21 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
--
-- Dumping data for table `t1`
--
-- WHERE: time1>'2019-07-08 13:12:48'
LOCK TABLES `t1` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `t1` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `t1` VALUES (10,'2019-07-08 13:12:49','2019-07-08 13:12:49'),(11,'2019-07-08 13:12:49','2019-07-08 13:12:49'),(12,'2019-07-08 13:12:54','2019-07-08 13:12:54'),(13,'2019-07-08 13:13:13','2019-07-08 13:13:13'),(14,'2019-07-08 13:13:16','2019-07-08 13:13:16'),(15,'2019-07-08 13:13:17','2019-07-08 13:13:17'),(16,'2019-07-08 13:13:19','2019-07-08 13:13:19'),(17,'2019-07-08 13:13:21','2019-07-08 13:13:21'),(18,'2019-07-08 13:13:22','2019-07-08 13:13:22'),(19,'2019-07-08 13:13:23','2019-07-08 13:13:23'),(20,'2019-07-08 13:13:25','2019-07-08 13:13:25');
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `t1` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;
mysql -S /usr/local/mysql/data/sock/mysql.sock -e "drop table boke.t1;"
mysql -S /usr/local/mysql/data/sock/mysql.sock -e "select * from boke.t1;"
ERROR 1146 (42S02) at line 1: Table 'boke.t1' doesn't exist
mysql -S /usr/local/mysql/data/sock/mysql.sock boke< t1_time1_2.sql
mysql -S /usr/local/mysql/data/sock/mysql.sock -e "select * from boke.t1;"
+----+---------------------+---------------------+
| id | time1 | time2 |
+----+---------------------+---------------------+
| 10 | 2019-07-08 13:12:49 | 2019-07-08 13:12:49 |
| 11 | 2019-07-08 13:12:49 | 2019-07-08 13:12:49 |
| 12 | 2019-07-08 13:12:54 | 2019-07-08 13:12:54 |
| 13 | 2019-07-08 13:13:13 | 2019-07-08 13:13:13 |
| 14 | 2019-07-08 13:13:16 | 2019-07-08 13:13:16 |
| 15 | 2019-07-08 13:13:17 | 2019-07-08 13:13:17 |
| 16 | 2019-07-08 13:13:19 | 2019-07-08 13:13:19 |
| 17 | 2019-07-08 13:13:21 | 2019-07-08 13:13:21 |
| 18 | 2019-07-08 13:13:22 | 2019-07-08 13:13:22 |
| 19 | 2019-07-08 13:13:23 | 2019-07-08 13:13:23 |
| 20 | 2019-07-08 13:13:25 | 2019-07-08 13:13:25 |
+----+---------------------+---------------------+
备份恢复成功!这个时候一定会有人问恢复时不会多加八个小时么?因为使用--skip-tz-utc选项后,导出文件中开头不会设置的/!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' /。
四、总结
在使用mysqldump备份且过滤条件为timestamp数据类型时,需要指定--skip-tz-utc选项,否则可能会导致备份数据异常。
备份后一定要验证备份文件的有效性!