Spring Cloud负载均衡-阿里云开发者社区

Spring Cloud负载均衡

客户端负载均衡
服务端负载均衡
调度算法
特性

客户端负载均衡

优势
稳定性高
不足
升级成本高

服务端负载均衡

优势
统一维护，成本低
不足
一旦故障，影响大

调度算法

先来先服务（First Come First Served）
最早截止时间优先（Earliest deadline first）
最短保留时间优先（Shortest remaining time first）
固定优先级（Fixed Proority）
轮训（Round-Robin）
多级别队列（Multilevel Queue）

非对称负载（Asymmetric load）

分布式拒绝服务攻击保护
直接服务返回
健康检查
优先级队列

配置ribbon client与service provider直连方式

1.service provider端
我的Maven配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <parent>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
      <version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
      <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
   </parent>
   <groupId>com.example</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-cloud-lesson-6-service-provider</artifactId>
   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <name>spring-cloud-lesson-6-service-provider</name>
   <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

   <properties>
      <java.version>1.8</java.version>
      <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
   </properties>

   <dependencies>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
         <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
   </dependencies>

   <dependencyManagement>
      <dependencies>
         <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
         </dependency>
      </dependencies>
   </dependencyManagement>

   <build>
      <plugins>
         <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
         </plugin>
      </plugins>
   </build>

</project>

2.配置application.properties文件


##服务提供方
spring.application.name=spring-cloud-service-provider

##服务端口
server.port=9090
##关闭注册
eureka.client.enabled=false

3.创建测试类

package com.example.web.controller;

import com.example.domain.User;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * 服务提供方
 */
@RestController
public class ServiceProviderController {
    @GetMapping("/greeting")
    public String greeting(@RequestParam User user){
        return "Greeting,"+user;

    }
}

ribbon client端配置

1.我的Maven配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <parent>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
      <version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
      <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
   </parent>
   <groupId>com.example</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-cloud-lesson-6</artifactId>
   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <name>spring-cloud-lesson-6</name>
   <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

   <properties>
      <java.version>1.8</java.version>
      <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
   </properties>

   <dependencies>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
         <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
   </dependencies>

   <dependencyManagement>
      <dependencies>
         <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
         </dependency>
      </dependencies>
   </dependencyManagement>

   <build>
      <plugins>
         <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
         </plugin>
      </plugins>
   </build>

</project>

2.配置application.properties

##服务提供方
spring.application.name=spring-cloud-ribbon-client

##服务端口
server.port=8080
##关闭注册
eureka.client.enabled=false

##服务提供方主机
service-provider.host=localhost
##提供方端口
service-provider.port=9090

service-provider.name=spring-cloud-service-provider

###配置服务提供方的ribbon
spring-cloud-service-provider.ribbon.listOfServers=\
  http://${service-provider.host}:${service-provider.port}

3.创建连接测试类

package com.example.web.Controller;

import com.example.domain.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@RestController
public class ClientController {
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    @Value("${service-provider.host}")
    private String serviceProviderHost;
    @Value("${service-provider.port}")
    private Integer serviceProviderPort;

    @GetMapping("")
    public String index(){
        User user=new User();
        user.setId(1L);
        user.setName("ss");
        return restTemplate.postForObject("http://"+serviceProviderHost+":"+serviceProviderPort+"/greeting",
                user,String.class);
    }
}

Netflix Ribbon

1.引入Maven依赖

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>

2.激活Ribbon客户端
@RibbonClients({@RibbonClient(name="spring-cloud-service-provider")})
3.配置Ribbon客户端
application.properties



##服务提供方
spring.application.name=spring-cloud-ribbon-client

##服务端口
server.port=8080
##关闭注册
eureka.client.enabled=false

##服务提供方主机
service-provider.host=localhost
##提供方端口
service-provider.port=9090

service-provider.name=spring-cloud-service-provider

###配置服务提供方的ribbon
spring-cloud-service-provider.ribbon.listOfServers=\
  http://${service-provider.host}:${service-provider.port}