分布式框架scrapy_redis实现了一套完整的组件，其中也实现了spider，RedisSpider是在继承原scrapy的Spider的基础上略有改动，初始URL不在从start_urls列表中读取，而是从redis起始队列中读取。
scrapy_redis源码在scrapy.redis.spider中，不仅实现了RedisSpider（分布式爬虫）还实现了RedisCrawlSpider（分布式深度爬虫）的逻辑，不过二者很多方法是一致的。
源码如下：
from scrapy import signals
from scrapy.exceptions import DontCloseSpider
from scrapy.spiders import Spider, CrawlSpider
from . import connection
# Default batch size matches default concurrent requests setting.
DEFAULT_START_URLS_BATCH_SIZE = 16
DEFAULT_START_URLS_KEY = '%(name)s:start_urls'
class RedisMixin(object):
"""Mixin class to implement reading urls from a redis queue."""
# Per spider redis key, default to DEFAULT_START_URLS_KEY.
redis_key = None
# Fetch this amount of start urls when idle. Default to DEFAULT_START_URLS_BATCH_SIZE.
redis_batch_size = None
# Redis client instance.
server = None
def start_requests(self):
"""Returns a batch of start requests from redis."""
return self.next_requests()
def setup_redis(self, crawler=None):
"""Setup redis connection and idle signal.
This should be called after the spider has set its crawler object.
"""
if self.server is not None:
return
if crawler is None:
# We allow optional crawler argument to keep backwards
# compatibility.
# XXX: Raise a deprecation warning.
crawler = getattr(self, 'crawler', None)
if crawler is None:
raise ValueError("crawler is required")
settings = crawler.settings
if self.redis_key is None:
self.redis_key = settings.get(
'REDIS_START_URLS_KEY', DEFAULT_START_URLS_KEY,
)
self.redis_key = self.redis_key % {'name': self.name}
if not self.redis_key.strip():
raise ValueError("redis_key must not be empty")
if self.redis_batch_size is None:
self.redis_batch_size = settings.getint(
'REDIS_START_URLS_BATCH_SIZE', DEFAULT_START_URLS_BATCH_SIZE,
)
try:
self.redis_batch_size = int(self.redis_batch_size)
except (TypeError, ValueError):
raise ValueError("redis_batch_size must be an integer")
self.logger.info("Reading start URLs from redis key '%(redis_key)s' "
"(batch size: %(redis_batch_size)s)", self.__dict__)
self.server = connection.from_settings(crawler.settings)
# The idle signal is called when the spider has no requests left,
# that's when we will schedule new requests from redis queue
crawler.signals.connect(self.spider_idle, signal=signals.spider_idle)
def next_requests(self):
"""Returns a request to be scheduled or none."""
use_set = self.settings.getbool('REDIS_START_URLS_AS_SET')
fetch_one = self.server.spop if use_set else self.server.lpop
# XXX: Do we need to use a timeout here?
found = 0
while found < self.redis_batch_size:
data = fetch_one(self.redis_key)
if not data:
# Queue empty.
break
req = self.make_request_from_data(data)
if req:
yield req
found += 1
else:
self.logger.debug("Request not made from data: %r", data)
if found:
self.logger.debug("Read %s requests from '%s'", found, self.redis_key)
def make_request_from_data(self, data):
# By default, data is an URL.
if '://' in data:
return self.make_requests_from_url(data)
else:
self.logger.error("Unexpected URL from '%s': %r", self.redis_key, data)
def schedule_next_requests(self):
"""Schedules a request if available"""
for req in self.next_requests():
self.crawler.engine.crawl(req, spider=self)
def spider_idle(self):
"""Schedules a request if available, otherwise waits."""
# XXX: Handle a sentinel to close the spider.
self.schedule_next_requests()
raise DontCloseSpider
class RedisSpider(RedisMixin, Spider):
"""Spider that reads urls from redis queue when idle."""
@classmethod
def from_crawler(self, crawler, *args, **kwargs):
obj = super(RedisSpider, self).from_crawler(crawler, *args, **kwargs)
obj.setup_redis(crawler)
return obj
class RedisCrawlSpider(RedisMixin, CrawlSpider):
"""Spider that reads urls from redis queue when idle."""
@classmethod
def from_crawler(self, crawler, *args, **kwargs):
obj = super(RedisCrawlSpider, self).from_crawler(crawler, *args, **kwargs)
obj.setup_redis(crawler)
return obj
开始start_requests方法是从Redis中获取所有连接，然后与URL去重列表比对去重，不被去重的通过make_requests_from_url(url)传递给引擎，然后到调度器，这里和一般的爬虫思路是一致的。
当引擎收到任务队列为空的消息后会调用Spider_idle方法，进而调用schedule_next_requests迭代获取到的起始URL递交给引擎，然后就开始任务，直到任务完成后在次调用起始队列中的URL。
def schedule_next_requests(self):
"""Schedules a request if available"""
for req in self.next_requests():
self.crawler.engine.crawl(req, spider=self)
def spider_idle(self):
"""Schedules a request if available, otherwise waits."""
# XXX: Handle a sentinel to close the spider.
self.schedule_next_requests()
raise DontCloseSpider
RedisSpider和RedisCrawlSpider很简单，继承了Spider和RedisMiXine，实现了setup_redis方法，该方法会根据不同的crawler初始化setting、redis_key，及通过connect接口，给spider绑定了spider_idle信号绑定。
class RedisSpider(RedisMixin, Spider):
"""Spider that reads urls from redis queue when idle."""
@classmethod
def from_crawler(self, crawler, *args, **kwargs):
obj = super(RedisSpider, self).from_crawler(crawler, *args, **kwargs)
obj.setup_redis(crawler)
return obj
class RedisCrawlSpider(RedisMixin, CrawlSpider):
"""Spider that reads urls from redis queue when idle."""
@classmethod
def from_crawler(self, crawler, *args, **kwargs):
obj = super(RedisCrawlSpider, self).from_crawler(crawler, *args, **kwargs)
obj.setup_redis(crawler)
return obj
def setup_redis(self, crawler=None):
"""Setup redis connection and idle signal.
This should be called after the spider has set its crawler object.
"""
if self.server is not None:
return
if crawler is None:
# We allow optional crawler argument to keep backwards
# compatibility.
# XXX: Raise a deprecation warning.
crawler = getattr(self, 'crawler', None)
if crawler is None:
raise ValueError("crawler is required")
settings = crawler.settings
if self.redis_key is None:
self.redis_key = settings.get(
'REDIS_START_URLS_KEY', DEFAULT_START_URLS_KEY,
)
self.redis_key = self.redis_key % {'name': self.name}
if not self.redis_key.strip():
raise ValueError("redis_key must not be empty")
if self.redis_batch_size is None:
self.redis_batch_size = settings.getint(
'REDIS_START_URLS_BATCH_SIZE', DEFAULT_START_URLS_BATCH_SIZE,
)
try:
self.redis_batch_size = int(self.redis_batch_size)
except (TypeError, ValueError):
raise ValueError("redis_batch_size must be an integer")
self.logger.info("Reading start URLs from redis key '%(redis_key)s' "
"(batch size: %(redis_batch_size)s)", self.__dict__)
self.server = connection.from_settings(crawler.settings)
# The idle signal is called when the spider has no requests left,
# that's when we will schedule new requests from redis queue
crawler.signals.connect(self.spider_idle, signal=signals.spider_idle)
总结：RedisSpider从初始Redis队列中获取start_url生成Request，然后递交给scrapy引擎交给对应的Redis scheduler调度，完成去重和入队列。当调度条件满足是队列中的Request交由引擎给下载器，生成Response对象递交给Spider解析，产生新的Request，继续抓取；直到没有新的Request产生后，Spider由从起始队列中去获取URL，继续上一轮循环，当然如果队列中没有了，那么爬虫就结束了。
