原文:
SQL SERVER如何通过SQL语句获服务器硬件和系统信息
在SQL SERVER中如何通过SQL语句获取服务器硬件和系统信息呢？下面介绍一下如何通过SQL语句获取处理器(CPU)、内存（Memory）、磁盘（Disk）以及操作系统相关信息。如有不足和遗漏，敬请补充。谢谢！
一：查看数据库服务器CPU的信息
---SQL 1:获取数据库服务器的CPU型号
EXEC xp_instance_regread
'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE',
'HARDWARE\DESCRIPTION\System\CentralProcessor\0',
'ProcessorNameString';
---SQL 2:获取数据库服务器CPU核数等信息(只适用于SQL 2005以及以上版本数据库)
/*************************************************************************************
--cpu_count :指定系统中的逻辑 CPU 数
--hyperthread_ratio :指定一个物理处理器包公开的逻辑内核数与物理内核数的比.虚拟机
-- 中可以表示每个虚拟插槽的核数。虚拟中[Physical CPU Count]其实
-- 表示虚拟插槽数
*************************************************************************************/
SELECT s.cpu_count AS [Loggic CPU Count]
,s.hyperthread_ratio AS [Hyperthread Ratio]
,s.cpu_count/s.hyperthread_ratio AS [Physical CPU Count]
FROM sys.dm_os_sys_info s OPTION (RECOMPILE);
---SQL 3:获取数据库服务器CPU核数(适用于所有版本)
CREATE TABLE #TempTable
(
[Index] VARCHAR(2000) ,
[Name] VARCHAR(2000) ,
[Internal_Value] VARCHAR(2000) ,
[Character_Value] VARCHAR(2000)
);
INSERT INTO #TempTable
EXEC xp_msver;
SELECT Internal_Value AS VirtualCPUCount
FROM #TempTable
WHERE Name = 'ProcessorCount';
DROP TABLE #TempTable;
GO
---SQL 4：在老外博客中看到一个计算CPU相关信息的SQL，不过虚拟机计算有点小问题，我修改了一下。
DECLARE @xp_msver TABLE (
[idx] [int] NULL
,[c_name] [varchar](100) NULL
,[int_val] [float] NULL
,[c_val] [varchar](128) NULL
)
INSERT INTO @xp_msver
EXEC ('[master]..[xp_msver]');;
WITH [ProcessorInfo]
AS (
SELECT ([cpu_count] / [hyperthread_ratio]) AS [number_of_physical_cpus]
,CASE
WHEN hyperthread_ratio = cpu_count
THEN cpu_count
ELSE (([cpu_count] - [hyperthread_ratio]) / ([cpu_count] / [hyperthread_ratio]))
END AS [number_of_cores_per_cpu]
,CASE
WHEN hyperthread_ratio = cpu_count
THEN cpu_count
ELSE ([cpu_count] / [hyperthread_ratio]) * (([cpu_count] - [hyperthread_ratio]) / ([cpu_count] / [hyperthread_ratio]))
END AS [total_number_of_cores]
,[cpu_count] AS [number_of_virtual_cpus]
,(
SELECT [c_val]
FROM @xp_msver
WHERE [c_name] = 'Platform'
) AS [cpu_category]
FROM [sys].[dm_os_sys_info]
)
SELECT [number_of_physical_cpus]
,[number_of_cores_per_cpu]
,[total_number_of_cores]
,[number_of_virtual_cpus]
,LTRIM(RIGHT([cpu_category], CHARINDEX('x', [cpu_category]) - 1)) AS [cpu_category]
FROM [ProcessorInfo]
---查看虚拟机CPU信息
DECLARE @xp_msver TABLE (
[idx] [int] NULL
,[c_name] [varchar](100) NULL
,[int_val] [float] NULL
,[c_val] [varchar](128) NULL
)
INSERT INTO @xp_msver
EXEC ('[master]..[xp_msver]');;
WITH [ProcessorInfo]
AS (
SELECT ([cpu_count] / [hyperthread_ratio]) AS [number_of_physical_cpus]
,[hyperthread_ratio] AS [number_of_cores_per_cpu]
,[cpu_count] AS [total_number_of_cores]
,[cpu_count] AS [number_of_virtual_cpus]
,(
SELECT [c_val]
FROM @xp_msver
WHERE [c_name] = 'Platform'
) AS [cpu_category]
FROM [sys].[dm_os_sys_info]
)
SELECT [number_of_physical_cpus]
,[number_of_cores_per_cpu]
,[total_number_of_cores]
,[number_of_virtual_cpus]
,LTRIM(RIGHT([cpu_category], CHARINDEX('x', [cpu_category]) - 1)) AS [cpu_category]
FROM [ProcessorInfo]
二：查看数据库服务器内存的信息
能否通过SQL语句获取服务器的物理内存大小？内存条型号？虚拟内存大小？内存使用情况？ 目前我所知道的只能通过SQL语句获取服务器物理内存大小，内存的使用情况。 至于内存条型号，系统虚拟内存大小，暂时好像还无法通过SQL语句获取。
查看服务器的物理内存情况
如下所示，从sys.dm_os_sys_info里面获取的physical_memory_in_bytes 或physical_memory_kb 的值总是低于实际物理内存。暂时不清楚具体原因（还未查到相关资料），所以计算大小有出入，要获取实际的物理内存，就必须借助CEILING函数。
--SQL 1：获取数据库服务器物理内存数(适用于所有版本)
CREATE TABLE #TempTable
(
[Index] VARCHAR(2000) ,
[Name] VARCHAR(2000) ,
[Internal_Value] VARCHAR(2000) ,
[Character_Value] VARCHAR(2000)
);
INSERT INTO #TempTable
EXEC xp_msver;
SELECT Internal_Value/1024 AS PhysicalMemory
FROM #TempTable
WHERE Name = 'PhysicalMemory';
DROP TABLE #TempTable;
GO
---SQL 2：适用于SQL Server 2005、SQL Server 2008
SELECT CEILING(physical_memory_in_bytes*1.0/1024/1024/1024) AS [Physical Memory Size]
FROM sys.dm_os_sys_info OPTION (RECOMPILE)
SELECT physical_memory_in_bytes*1.0/1024/1024/1024
, physical_memory_in_bytes AS [Physical Memory Size]
FROM sys.dm_os_sys_info OPTION (RECOMPILE)
---SQL 3：适用于SQL Server 2012 到 SQL Server 2014
SELECT CEILING(physical_memory_kb*1.0/1024/1024) AS [Physical Memory Size]
FROM sys.dm_os_sys_info OPTION (RECOMPILE);
---SQL 4：适用于SQL Server 2008以及以上的版本:查看物理内存大小，已经使用的物理内存以及还剩下的物理内存。
SELECT CEILING(total_physical_memory_kb * 1.0 / 1024 / 1024) AS [Physical Memory Size]
,CAST(available_physical_memory_kb * 1.0 / 1024 / 1024
AS DECIMAL(8, 4)) AS [Unused Physical Memory]
,CAST(( total_physical_memory_kb - available_physical_memory_kb ) * 1.0
/ 1024 / 1024 AS DECIMAL(8, 4)) AS [Used Physical Memory]
,CAST(system_cache_kb*1.0 / 1024/1024 AS DECIMAL(8, 4)) AS [System Cache Size]
FROM sys.dm_os_sys_memory
三：查看数据库服务器硬盘的信息
如下所示，我们可以通过下面脚本获取服务器的各个磁盘的使用情况。但是无法获取磁盘的型号、转速之类的信息。
SET NOCOUNT ON
DECLARE @Result INT;
DECLARE @objectInfo INT;
DECLARE @DriveInfo CHAR(1);
DECLARE @TotalSize VARCHAR(20);
DECLARE @OutDrive INT;
DECLARE @UnitMB BIGINT;
DECLARE @FreeRat FLOAT;
SET @UnitMB = 1048576;
--创建临时表保存服务器磁盘容量信息
CREATE TABLE #DiskCapacity
(
[DiskCD] CHAR(1) ,
FreeSize INT ,
TotalSize INT
);
INSERT #DiskCapacity([DiskCD], FreeSize )
EXEC master.dbo.xp_fixeddrives;
EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1
RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE;
EXEC sp_configure 'Ole Automation Procedures', 1;
RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE;
EXEC @Result = master.sys.sp_OACreate 'Scripting.FileSystemObject',@objectInfo OUT;
DECLARE CR_DiskInfo CURSOR LOCAL FAST_FORWARD
FOR
SELECT DiskCD FROM #DiskCapacity
ORDER by DiskCD
OPEN CR_DiskInfo;
FETCH NEXT FROM CR_DiskInfo INTO @DriveInfo
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
EXEC @Result = sp_OAMethod @objectInfo,'GetDrive', @OutDrive OUT, @DriveInfo
EXEC @Result = sp_OAGetProperty @OutDrive,'TotalSize', @TotalSize OUT
UPDATE #DiskCapacity
SET TotalSize=@TotalSize/@UnitMB
WHERE DiskCD=@DriveInfo
FETCH NEXT FROM CR_DiskInfo INTO @DriveInfo
END
CLOSE CR_DiskInfo
DEALLOCATE CR_DiskInfo;
EXEC @Result=sp_OADestroy @objectInfo
EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1
RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE;
EXEC sp_configure 'Ole Automation Procedures', 0;
RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE;
EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 0
RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE;
SELECT DiskCD AS [Drive CD] ,
STR(TotalSize*1.0/1024,6,2) AS [Total Size(GB)] ,
STR((TotalSize - FreeSize)*1.0/1024,6,2) AS [Used Space(GB)] ,
STR(FreeSize*1.0/1024,6,2) AS [Free Space(GB)] ,
STR(( TotalSize - FreeSize)*1.0/(TotalSize)* 100.0,6,2) AS [Used Rate(%)] ,
STR(( FreeSize * 1.0/ ( TotalSize ) ) * 100.0,6,2) AS [Free Rate(%)]
FROM #DiskCapacity;
DROP TABLE #DiskCapacity;
四：查看操作系统信息
通过下面SQL语句，我们可以查看操作系统版本、补丁、语言等信息
--创建临时表保存语言版本信息
CREATE TABLE #Language
(
[LanguageDtl] NVARCHAR(64) ,
[os_language_version] INT
);
INSERT INTO #Language
SELECT 'English - United States' ,1033 UNION ALL
SELECT 'English - United Kingdom' ,2057 UNION ALL
SELECT 'Chinese - People''s Republic of China',2052 UNION ALL
SELECT 'Chinese - Singapore' ,4100 UNION ALL
SELECT 'Chinese - Taiwan' ,1028 UNION ALL
SELECT 'Chinese - Hong Kong SAR' ,3076 UNION ALL
SELECT 'Chinese - Macao SAR' ,5124;
WITH SystemVersion(SystemInfo,ReleaseNo)
AS
(
SELECT 'Windows 10' ,
'10.0*'
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Windows Server 2016 Technical Preview' ,
'10.0*'
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Windows 8.1' ,
'6.3*'
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Windows Server 2012 R2' ,
'6.3'
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Windows 8' ,
'6.2'
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Windows Server 2012' ,
'6.2'
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Windows 7' ,
'6.1'
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Windows Server 2008 R2' ,
'6.1'
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Windows Server 2008' ,
'6.0'
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Windows Vista' ,
'6.0'
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Windows Server 2003 R2' ,
'5.2'
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Windows Server 2003' ,
'5.2'
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Windows XP 64-Bit Edition' ,
'5.2'
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Windows XP' ,
'5.1'
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Windows 2000' ,
'5.0'
)
SELECT s.SystemInfo
,w.windows_service_pack_level
,l.LanguageDtl
FROM sys.dm_os_windows_info w
INNER JOIN SystemVersion s ON w.windows_release=s.ReleaseNo
INNER JOIN #Language l ON l.os_language_version = w.os_language_version;
DROP TABLE #Language;
注意：
1：如上所示，临时表#Language的数据此处只列了几条常用的数据，如需全部数据，参考https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-CN/goglobal/bb964664.aspx自行补充。
2：操作系统的版本信息的数据来源于https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-CN/library/ms724832(VS.85).aspx
有可能出现不同操作系统具有相同Version number值，例如Windows 7 和Windows Server 2008 R2的Version numberd都为6.1。导致下面查询结果出现多条记录（如下所示）。一般要酌情判断（如果生产服务器都为Windows服务器，可以剔除Windows XP、Windows 7这类数据）。
参考资料：
http://mssqlwiki.com/2010/11/30/how-to-find-sql-server-and-system-cpu-usage-history/
