原文:
SQL Server大量数据秒级插入/新增/删除
1.快速保存，该方法有四个参数，第一个参数为数据库连接，第二个参数为需要保存的DataTable，该参数的TableName属性需要设置为数据库中目标数据表的表名，第三个参数为输出参数，如果保存过程中发生错误则错误信息会输出在这个参数里面，第四个参数为可选参数，是否保持连接为打开状态。
/// <summary>
/// 快速保存数据，自动识别insert和update
/// </summary>
/// <param name="_sourceTable">需要保存的源数据表</param>
/// <param name="_sqlCon">数据库连接</param>
/// <param name="_errorMsg">输出参数，错误信息</param>
/// <param name="KeepConnectionAlive">是否保持连接，可选参数，默认否</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private bool BulkSave(DataTable _sourceTable, SqlConnection _sqlCon,out string _errorMsg, bool _keepConnectionAlive = false)
{
bool result = true;
_errorMsg = string.Empty;
DataTable sourceTable = _sourceTable.Copy();
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(sourceTable.TableName))
{
_errorMsg = "数据源表的TableName属性不能为空！";
return false;
}
List<string> colList = new List<string>();
foreach (DataColumn col in sourceTable.Columns)
{
colList.Add(col.ColumnName);
}
int updateNum, insertNum;
updateNum = insertNum = 0;
try
{
#region
if (_sqlCon.State == ConnectionState.Closed)
{
_sqlCon.Open();
}
SqlCommand cmd = _sqlCon.CreateCommand();
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
DataTable pk = new DataTable();
string tempTableName = "#" + sourceTable.TableName;//#表名 为当前连接有效的临时表 ##表名 为全局有效的临时表
string tempTableFullCloumn = "";//临时表获取表结构命令字符串
string updateSetStr = "";//update set 命令字符串
string insertWhereStr = "";//insert 命令用来排除已经存在记录的 not exist 命令中where条件字符串
string insertColumnStr = "";//列名字符串
string tempColmunstr = "";//t.+列名 字符串
sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.AppendFormat(@"select a.name as Name,b.name as 'type',a.length as 'length' ,a.collation as 'collation' from syscolumns a
left join systypes b
on a.xtype = b.xtype
where colid in
(select colid from sysindexkeys
where id = object_id('{0}')
and indid =
(select indid from sysindexes
where name = (select name from sysobjects
where xtype='PK'
and parent_obj = object_id('{0}')
)
)
) and a.id = object_id('{0}');", sourceTable.TableName);
cmd.CommandText = sb.ToString();
pk.Load(cmd.ExecuteReader());//查询主键列表
#endregion
#region
/* 利用传递进来的DataTable列名列表，从数据库的源表获取
* 临时表的表结构*/
for (int i = 0; i < colList.Count; i++)
{
/* 如果当前列是主键,set命令字符串跳过不作处理,
* 临时表获取表结构命令字符串不论何种情况都不跳过 */
if (pk.Select("Name= '" + (colList[i]) + "'").Length > 0)
{
string sql = string.Format("SELECT COLUMNPROPERTY(OBJECT_ID('{0}'), '{1}', 'IsIdentity')", sourceTable.TableName, colList[i]);
cmd.CommandText = sql;
bool flag = Convert.ToBoolean(cmd.ExecuteScalar());
if (!flag)
{
if (updateSetStr.Length > 0)
{
updateSetStr += ",";
}
if (insertColumnStr.Length > 0)
{
insertColumnStr += ",";
}
if (tempColmunstr.Length > 0)
{
tempColmunstr += ",";
}
updateSetStr += colList[i] + "= t." + colList[i];
insertColumnStr += colList[i];
tempColmunstr += colList[i];
}
}
else
{
if (updateSetStr.Length > 0)
{
updateSetStr += ",";
}
if (insertColumnStr.Length > 0)
{
insertColumnStr += ",";
}
if (tempColmunstr.Length > 0)
{
tempColmunstr += ",";
}
updateSetStr += colList[i] + "= t." + colList[i];
insertColumnStr += colList[i];
tempColmunstr += colList[i];
}
if (i > 0)
{
tempTableFullCloumn += ",";
}
tempTableFullCloumn += "s." + colList[i];
}
#endregion
#region
sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.AppendFormat("select top 0 {0} into {1} from {2} s;", tempTableFullCloumn, tempTableName, sourceTable.TableName);
cmd.CommandText = sb.ToString();
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();//创建临时表
/* 根据获得的目标表主键，来为SQL Server 系统中的临时表增加相应的非主键但是数据相等
* 的 影射列，因为有些系统的主键为自增类型，在调用bulk.WriteToServer方法的时候，自增主键会
* 在临时表中从0开始计算，没办法用临时表的主键和目标表的主键做 where 条件，故用影射列代替*/
for (int i = 0; i < pk.Rows.Count; i++)
{
if (i > 0)
{
insertWhereStr += " and ";
}
string newColName = pk.Rows[i]["name"].ToString() + "New";
sb = new StringBuilder();
switch (pk.Rows[i]["type"].ToString())
{
case "char":
case "varchar":
case "nchar":
case "nvarchar":
sb.AppendFormat("alter table {0} add {1} {2}({3}) ", tempTableName, newColName, pk.Rows[i]["Type"].ToString(), pk.Rows[i]["length"]);
break;
default:
sb.AppendFormat("alter table {0} add {1} {2} ", tempTableName, newColName, pk.Rows[i]["Type"].ToString());
break;
}
if (!(pk.Rows[i]["collation"] is DBNull))
{
sb.AppendFormat("COLLATE {0}", pk.Rows[i]["collation"]);
}
cmd.CommandText = sb.ToString();
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
sourceTable.Columns.Add(new DataColumn(newColName, sourceTable.Columns[pk.Rows[i]["name"].ToString()].DataType));
foreach (DataRow dr in sourceTable.Rows)
{
dr[newColName] = dr[pk.Rows[i]["name"].ToString()].ToString().Trim();
}
insertWhereStr += "t." + newColName + "=s." + pk.Rows[i]["name"];
}
using (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy bulk = new System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy(_sqlCon))
{
//string SQl = "select * from #bulktable ";
//DataTable tempx = new DataTable();
//cmd.CommandText = SQl;
//tempx.Load(cmd.ExecuteReader());
//_souceTable.Rows[0]["unit_name"] = string.Empty;
//_souceTable.Rows[1]["unit_name"] = string.Empty;
int colCount = sourceTable.Columns.Count;
foreach (DataRow row in sourceTable.Rows)
{
for (int i = 0; i < colCount; i++)
{
row[i] = row[i].ToString().Trim();
}
}
bulk.DestinationTableName = tempTableName;
bulk.BulkCopyTimeout = 36000;
try
{
bulk.WriteToServer(sourceTable);//将数据写入临时表
//string sql = "select * from #bulktable";
//SqlDataAdapter sda = new SqlDataAdapter(sql, _sqlCon);
//DataTable dt = new DataTable();
//sda.Fill(dt);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
_errorMsg = e.Message;
result = false;
//MessageBox.Show(e.Message);
//return e.Message.Trim();
}
}
#endregion
#region
if (insertWhereStr.Equals(""))//如果不存在主键
{
sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.AppendFormat("insert into {0} select {1} from {2} s;", sourceTable.TableName, tempTableFullCloumn, tempTableName);
cmd.CommandText = sb.ToString();
insertNum = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();//插入临时表数据到目的表
//_errorMsg = "1";
}
else
{
sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.AppendFormat("update {0} set {1} from( {2} t INNER JOIN {0} s on {3} );",
sourceTable.TableName, updateSetStr, tempTableName, insertWhereStr);
//cmd.CommandText = sb.ToString();
//Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();
//sw.Start();
//updateNum = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();//更新已存在主键数据
//_errorMsg += "更新" + updateNum + "条记录";
//sw.Stop();
//sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.AppendFormat("insert into {0}({4}) select {1} from {2} t where not EXISTS(select 1 from {0} s where {3});",
sourceTable.TableName, tempColmunstr, tempTableName, insertWhereStr, insertColumnStr);
cmd.CommandText = sb.ToString();
//insertNum = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();//插入新数据
//_errorMsg += "插入" + insertNum + "条记录";
//MessageBox.Show("共用时" + sw.Elapsed + "\n 共新增:" + insertNum + "条记录,更新:" + updateNum + "条记录！");
//return_str = "1";
var st = _sqlCon.BeginTransaction();
cmd.Transaction = st;
try
{
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
st.Commit();
}
catch (Exception ee)
{
_errorMsg += ee.Message;
result = false;
st.Rollback();
}
}
#endregion
}
catch (Exception e)
{
_errorMsg = e.Message.Trim();
result = false;
}
finally
{
if (!_keepConnectionAlive && _sqlCon.State == ConnectionState.Open)
{
_sqlCon.Close();
}
}
return result;
}2.快速删除，该方法有四个参数，第一个参数为数据库连接，第二个参数为需要删除的DataTable，该参数的TableName属性需要设置为数据库中目标数据表的表名，第三个参数为输出参数，如果删除过程中发生错误则错误信息会输出在这个参数里面，第四个参数为可选参数，是否保持连接为打开状态。
/// <summary>
/// 快速删除
/// </summary>
/// <param name="_sourceTable">需要删除的源数据表</param>
/// <param name="_sqlCon">数据库连接</param>
/// <param name="_errorMsg">输出参数，错误信息</param>
/// <param name="_keepConnectionAlive">是否保持连接，可选参数，默认否</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private bool BulkDelete(DataTable _sourceTable, SqlConnection _sqlCon, out string _errorMsg, bool _keepConnectionAlive = false)
{
bool result = true;
_errorMsg = string.Empty;
DataTable sourceTable = _sourceTable.Copy();
string SQl = "";
DataTable pkTable = new DataTable();
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
string whereStr = string.Empty;
string colList = string.Empty;
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(sourceTable.TableName))
{
_errorMsg += "数据源表的TableName属性不能为空！";
return false;
}
try
{
#region 检查数据表是否存在
SqlCommand sqlComm = _sqlCon.CreateCommand();
SqlDataAdapter sda = new SqlDataAdapter();
string tempTableName = "#" + sourceTable.TableName;
SQl = string.Format("select COUNT(*) from sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[{0}]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1", sourceTable.TableName);
sqlComm.CommandText = SQl;
if (_sqlCon.State != ConnectionState.Open)
{
_sqlCon.Open();
}
int count = Convert.ToInt32(sqlComm.ExecuteScalar());
#endregion
if (count == 0)
{
_errorMsg += string.Format("在数据库中，找不到名为{0}的数据表！", sourceTable.TableName);
}
else
{
#region 获取主键信息
SQl = string.Format(@"select a.name as Name,b.name as 'type',a.length as 'length' ,a.collation as 'collation' from syscolumns a left join systypes b on a.xtype = b.xtype where colid in (select colid from sysindexkeys where id = object_id('{0}') and indid = (select indid from sysindexes where name = (select name from sysobjects where xtype='PK' and parent_obj = object_id('{0}')))) and a.id = object_id('{0}');", sourceTable.TableName);
sqlComm.CommandText = SQl;
sda.SelectCommand = sqlComm;
sda.Fill(ds, "pkTable");
pkTable = ds.Tables["pkTable"];
#endregion
#region 生成where条件
foreach (DataColumn col in sourceTable.Columns)
{
colList += colList.Length == 0 ? col.ColumnName : "," + col.ColumnName;
}
SQl = string.Format("select top 0 {0} into {1} from {2}", colList, tempTableName, sourceTable.TableName);
sqlComm.CommandText = SQl;
sqlComm.ExecuteNonQuery();
if (pkTable.Rows.Count <= 0)
{
_errorMsg += string.Format("获取{0}表主键信息失败，请重试或者检查数据库！", sourceTable.TableName);
}
else
{
foreach (DataRow dr in pkTable.Rows)
{
string newColName = dr["name"].ToString() + "New";
/* 如果当前列是主键,set命令字符串跳过不作处理,
* 临时表获取表结构命令字符串不论何种情况都不跳过 */
SQl = string.Format("SELECT COLUMNPROPERTY(OBJECT_ID('{0}'), '{1}', 'IsIdentity')", sourceTable.TableName, dr["name"]);
sqlComm.CommandText = SQl;
bool flag = Convert.ToBoolean(sqlComm.ExecuteScalar());
switch (dr["type"].ToString())
{
case "char":
case "varchar":
case "nchar":
case "nvarchar":
SQl = string.Format("alter table {0} add {1} {2}({3}) ", tempTableName, newColName, dr["Type"].ToString(), dr["length"]);
break;
default:
SQl = string.Format("alter table {0} add {1} {2} ", tempTableName, newColName, dr["Type"].ToString());
break;
}
if (!(dr["collation"] is DBNull))
{
SQl = string.Format("{0} COLLATE {1}", SQl, dr["collation"]);
}
sqlComm.CommandText = SQl;
sqlComm.ExecuteNonQuery();
whereStr += string.IsNullOrEmpty(whereStr) ? string.Format("{0}.{2} in( select {1}.[{3}] from {1} )", sourceTable.TableName, tempTableName, dr["name"], newColName) : string.Format(" and {0}.{2} in( select {1}.[{3}] from {1} )", sourceTable.TableName, tempTableName, dr["name"], newColName);
sourceTable.Columns.Add(new DataColumn(newColName, sourceTable.Columns[dr["name"].ToString()].DataType));
foreach (DataRow row in sourceTable.Rows)
{
row[newColName] = row[dr["name"].ToString()].ToString().Trim();
}
}
}
}
#endregion
#region 将数据放进临时表
SqlBulkCopy bulk = new SqlBulkCopy(_sqlCon);
bulk.DestinationTableName = tempTableName;
bulk.BulkCopyTimeout = 3600;
try
{
bulk.WriteToServer(sourceTable);
}
catch (Exception ee)
{
_errorMsg += ee.Message;
bulk.Close();
}
#endregion
#region 开始删除
//SQl = string.Format("select * from {0}", tempTableName);
//sqlComm.CommandText = SQl;
//sda.SelectCommand = sqlComm;
//sda.Fill(ds, tempTableName);
SQl = string.Format(@" DELETE FROM {0} WHERE {1}", sourceTable.TableName, whereStr);
sqlComm.CommandText = SQl;
var tx = _sqlCon.BeginTransaction();
try
{
sqlComm.Transaction = tx;
count = sqlComm.ExecuteNonQuery();
tx.Commit();
_errorMsg += string.Format("应该删除{0}条记录\r\n共删除{1}条记录！", sourceTable.Rows.Count, count);
}
catch (Exception ee)
{
_errorMsg += ee.Message;
tx.Rollback();
}
#endregion
}
catch (Exception e)
{
_errorMsg += e.Message;
}
finally
{
if (_sqlCon.State == ConnectionState.Open && !_keepConnectionAlive)
{
_sqlCon.Close();
}
}
return result;
}