原文:
WPF 自定义的图表（适用大量数据绘制）下
上一篇文章中讲了WPF中自定义绘制大量数据的图标，思路是先将其绘制在内存，然后一次性加载到界面，在后续的调试过程中，发现当数据量到达10W时，移动鼠标显示数据有明显的延迟。经过思考，我采用了以下两个办法解决这个问题：
1.将数据显示的文本与图表分离，作为一个单独的canvas，这样，显示文本数据的时候就不需要重画图表了
2.计算鼠标移动速度，当移动速度过快时，不绘制文本，减少数据文本的绘制频率
3.使用START_INDEX 和 END_INDEX来表示绘制数据的其实位置和结束位置，减少对整个数据的遍历
首先看前台代码
<UserControl x:Class="Zero_Gjy.UserControls.DrawChart"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:Zero_Gjy.UserControls"
mc:Ignorable="d"
d:DesignHeight="300" d:DesignWidth="300">
<ScrollViewer >
<Grid x:Name="linechart" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" VerticalAlignment="Stretch">
</Grid>
</ScrollViewer>
</UserControl>
DrawingCanvas.CS
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Threading;
namespace Zero_Gjy.UserControls
{
public class DrawingCanvas : Canvas
{
private List<Visual> visuals = new List<Visual>();
public const double YZero = 50;
public const double YMargin = 50;
private double YLabelLen = 5;
private double yHeight;
private Brush line1Color = Brushes.Black;
private Brush labelColor = Brushes.Black;
private Brush axisColor = Brushes.Black;
private Brush line2Color = Brushes.Black;
private double thinkness = 1;
private double canvasWidth = 0;
private double xWidth;
private const int yLinesCount = 12;
List<LineDatas> allDatas;
private double canvasHeight;
int dataCount = 0;
int rtCount = 0;
public enum MouseMode
{
ZOOM,
VIEW
}
public MouseMode mMode = MouseMode.VIEW;
public DrawingCanvas()
{
this.Background = Brushes.Transparent;
this.HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Left;
this.VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Top;
this.Margin = new Thickness(0, 0, 0, YMargin);
AllDatas = new List<LineDatas>();
}
//获取Visual的个数
protected override int VisualChildrenCount
{
get { return visuals.Count; }
}
//获取Visual
protected override Visual GetVisualChild(int index)
{
return visuals[index];
}
//添加Visual
public void AddVisual(Visual visual)
{
visuals.Add(visual);
base.AddVisualChild(visual);
base.AddLogicalChild(visual);
}
//删除Visual
public void RemoveVisual(Visual visual)
{
visuals.Remove(visual);
base.RemoveVisualChild(visual);
base.RemoveLogicalChild(visual);
}
//命中测试
public DrawingVisual GetVisual(Point point)
{
HitTestResult hitResult = VisualTreeHelper.HitTest(this, point);
return hitResult.VisualHit as DrawingVisual;
}
//使用DrawVisual画Polyline
//DrawingVisual lineVisual;
public void addData(string title,double min,double max,DoubleCollection xData, DoubleCollection mData, DoubleCollection sData)
{
AllDatas.Add(new LineDatas(title, min, max, xData,mData, sData));
dataCount++;
rtCount = mData.Count;
}
public void removeFirst() {
for(int i = 0; i < AllDatas.Count; i++)
{
AllDatas[i].RtData.RemoveAt(0);
AllDatas[i].ThData.RemoveAt(0);
}
}
public void removeLast()
{
for (int i = 0; i < AllDatas.Count; i++)
{
AllDatas[i].RtData.RemoveAt(AllDatas[i].RtData.Count - 1);
AllDatas[i].ThData.RemoveAt(AllDatas[i].ThData.Count - 1);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 添加数据点
/// </summary>
/// <param name="xdatas">x坐标</param>
/// <param name="rtdatas">实测数据</param>
/// <param name="thdatas">理论数据</param>
public void addPoint(double[] xdatas,double[] rtdatas,double[] thdatas)
{
if (rtdatas.Length != allDatas.Count)
throw new Exception() { Source="数据个数不匹配"};
for (int i = 0; i < allDatas.Count; i++)
{
AllDatas[i].XData.Insert(0, xdatas[i]);
AllDatas[i].RtData.Insert(0,rtdatas[i]);
AllDatas[i].ThData.Insert(0,thdatas[i]);
if (allDatas[i].Min > rtdatas[i])
allDatas[i].Min = rtdatas[i];
if (allDatas[i].Max < rtdatas[i])
allDatas[i].Max = rtdatas[i];
}
}
//清空所有数据
public void clearData()
{
AllDatas.Clear();
}
//将数据清零
public void cleanData()
{
foreach(LineDatas item in allDatas)
{
for(int i = 0; i < item.RtData.Count; i++)
{
item.RtData[i] = 0;
item.ThData[i] = 0;
}
item.Min = -1;
item.Max = 1;
}
}
public void Polyline()
{
//如果虚画布没有数据
if(this.visuals.Count == 0)
{
for(int i = 0; i < AllDatas.Count; i++)
{
this.visuals.Add(new DrawingVisual());
}
}
for(int count = 0; count < AllDatas.Count; count++){
//计算基础坐标系
double x0, y0;
x0 = YZero;
y0 = (count + 1) * YMargin + count * yHeight;
string title = AllDatas[count].Title;
LineDatas datas = allDatas[count];
DrawingVisual lineVisual = (DrawingVisual)this.visuals[count];
DrawingContext dc = lineVisual.RenderOpen();
Pen penAxis = new Pen(AxisColor, Thinkness);
penAxis.Freeze();
int yLabelMax = (int)AllDatas[count].Max + 1;
int yLabelMin = (int)AllDatas[count].Min - 1;
//画标题
FormattedText fttitle = new FormattedText(title, new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("zh-CHS", false), FlowDirection.LeftToRight, new Typeface("Microsoft YaHei"), 15, Brushes.Black);
dc.DrawText(fttitle, new Point(xWidth / 2+x0 - fttitle.Width / 2, y0 - fttitle.Height));
//画Y轴
dc.DrawLine(penAxis, new Point(x0, y0), new Point(x0, y0 + yHeight));
dc.DrawLine(penAxis, new Point(x0 - YLabelLen, y0), new Point(x0, y0));
dc.DrawLine(penAxis, new Point(x0 - YLabelLen, y0 + yHeight / 2), new Point(x0, y0 + yHeight / 2));
dc.DrawLine(penAxis, new Point(x0 - YLabelLen, y0 + yHeight), new Point(x0, y0 + yHeight));
//y轴文本
FormattedText ft1 = new FormattedText(yLabelMax.ToString(), new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("zh-CHS", false), FlowDirection.LeftToRight, new Typeface("Microsoft YaHei"), 10, Brushes.Black);
dc.DrawText(ft1, new Point(x0 - YLabelLen - ft1.Width, y0 - ft1.Height / 2));
FormattedText ft2 = new FormattedText(((yLabelMax + yLabelMin) / 2).ToString(), new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("zh-CHS", false), FlowDirection.LeftToRight, new Typeface("Microsoft YaHei"), 10, Brushes.Black);
dc.DrawText(ft2, new Point(x0 - YLabelLen - ft2.Width, y0 + YHeight / 2 - ft2.Height / 2));
FormattedText ft3 = new FormattedText(yLabelMin.ToString(), new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("zh-CHS", false), FlowDirection.LeftToRight, new Typeface("Microsoft YaHei"), 10, Brushes.Black);
dc.DrawText(ft3, new Point(x0 - YLabelLen - ft3.Width, y0 + yHeight - ft3.Height / 2));
//画线
Pen linePen1 = new Pen(Line1Color, Thinkness);
linePen1.Freeze();
Pen linePen2 = new Pen(Line2Color, Thinkness);
linePen2.Freeze();
double ratio = (yLabelMax - yLabelMin) / yHeight;
double step = xWidth / (datas.EndIndex - datas.StartIndex +1);
//Console.WriteLine("=======datastep:" + step);
for (int i = datas.StartIndex; i < datas.EndIndex; i++)
{
//将数值转换成位置
//理论值
Point p3 = new Point(x0 + (i - datas.StartIndex)*step, y0 + (yLabelMax - datas.ThData[i]) / ratio);
Point p4 = new Point(x0 + (i - datas.StartIndex + 1)*step, y0 + (yLabelMax - datas.ThData[i + 1]) / ratio);
dc.DrawLine(linePen2, p3, p4);
//实测值
Point p1 = new Point(x0 +(i - datas.StartIndex) *step, y0 + (yLabelMax - datas.RtData[i]) / ratio);
Point p2 = new Point(x0 + (i - datas.StartIndex + 1)*step, y0 + (yLabelMax - datas.RtData[i + 1]) / ratio);
dc.DrawLine(linePen1, p1, p2);
}
//绘制纵向网格和x轴文本
Pen pen3 = new Pen(new SolidColorBrush((Color)ColorConverter.ConvertFromString("#666666")), 1);
pen3.DashStyle = new DashStyle(new double[] { 2.5, 2.5 }, 0);
pen3.Freeze();
double stepX = xWidth / yLinesCount;
int stepData = (datas.EndIndex - datas.StartIndex + 1) / yLinesCount;
if (stepData < 1)
stepData = 1;
for (int i = 1; i < yLinesCount; i++)
{
//纵向网格
Point p1 = new Point(x0 + i * stepX, y0 + yHeight);
Point p2 = new Point(x0 + i * stepX, y0);
dc.DrawLine(pen3, p1, p2);
//x轴文本
FormattedText ftX = new FormattedText(datas.XData[i * stepData].ToString(), new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("zh-CHS", false), FlowDirection.LeftToRight, new Typeface("Microsoft YaHei"), 10, Brushes.Black);
Point p3 = new Point(x0 + i * stepX - ftX.Width / 2, yHeight + y0);
dc.DrawText(ftX, p3);
}
dc.Close();
}
this.InvalidateVisual();
}
public double YHeight
{
get
{
return yHeight;
}
set
{
yHeight = value;
}
}
public Brush LabelColor
{
get
{
return labelColor;
}
set
{
labelColor = value;
}
}
public Brush AxisColor
{
get
{
return axisColor;
}
set
{
axisColor = value;
}
}
public double Thinkness
{
get
{
return thinkness;
}
set
{
thinkness = value;
}
}
public static double YZero1
{
get
{
return YZero;
}
}
public double CanvasWidth
{
get
{
return canvasWidth;
}
set
{
canvasWidth = value;
this.Width = value;
xWidth = value - YMargin - YZero;
}
}
public Brush Line2Color
{
get
{
return line2Color;
}
set
{
line2Color = value;
}
}
public Brush Line1Color
{
get
{
return line1Color;
}
set
{
line1Color = value;
}
}
public double CanvasHeight
{
get
{
return canvasHeight;
}
set
{
canvasHeight = value;
}
}
public int DataCount
{
get
{
return dataCount;
}
set
{
dataCount = value;
}
}
public int RtCount
{
get
{
return rtCount;
}
set
{
rtCount = value;
}
}
internal List<LineDatas> AllDatas
{
get
{
return allDatas;
}
set
{
allDatas = value;
}
}
}
}
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Threading;
namespace Zero_Gjy.UserControls
{
class DrawingLine : Canvas
{
private List<Visual> visuals = new List<Visual>();
DrawingCanvas drawingCanvas;
private double x0;
private double y0;
private double mWidth;
private double mHeight;
public enum MouseMode
{
ZOOM,
VIEW
}
public MouseMode mMode = MouseMode.VIEW;
private double canvasWidth;
public DrawingLine(DrawingCanvas _dc)
{
this.drawingCanvas = _dc;
this.Background = Brushes.Transparent;
this.HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Left;
this.VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Top;
this.Height = drawingCanvas.CanvasHeight;
this.Width = drawingCanvas.CanvasWidth;
x0 = DrawingCanvas.YZero;
y0 = DrawingCanvas.YMargin;
mHeight = _dc.AllDatas.Count * (DrawingCanvas.YMargin + _dc.YHeight);
this.PreviewMouseLeftButtonDown += DrawingCanvas_MouseLeftButtonDown;
this.PreviewMouseLeftButtonUp += DrawingCanvas_MouseLeftButtonUp;
this.MouseMove += DrawingCanvas_MouseMove;
this.MouseLeave += DrawingCanvas_MouseLeave;
}
//鼠标离开画布
private void DrawingCanvas_MouseLeave(object sender, System.Windows.Input.MouseEventArgs e)
{
if (mMode == MouseMode.VIEW)
{
this.RemoveVisual(textVisual);
this.InvalidateVisual();
}
}
//选中放大区域完成，显示放大区域
private void DrawingCanvas_MouseLeftButtonUp(object sender, System.Windows.Input.MouseButtonEventArgs e)
{
isMouseDown = false;
mMode = MouseMode.VIEW;
endup = e.GetPosition(this).X;
if (endup < x0)
endup = x0;
if (endup > x0+mWidth)
endup = x0 + mWidth;
//重画 选中区域
int len = drawingCanvas.AllDatas[0].EndIndex - drawingCanvas.AllDatas[0].StartIndex+1;
if (drawingCanvas.AllDatas.Count < 1 || len < 1)
return;
double step = mWidth / len;
if (isMouseMoved && Math.Abs(endup - startDown) > step)
{
int startIndex = 0;
int endIndex = 0;
if (endup > startDown)
{
startIndex = (int)((startDown - x0) / step) + 1;
endIndex = (int)((endup - x0) / step);
}
else
{
startIndex = (int)((endup - x0) / step) + 1;
endIndex = (int)((startDown - x0) / step);
}
foreach (LineDatas data in drawingCanvas.AllDatas)
{
data.EndIndex = data.StartIndex + endIndex;
data.StartIndex = data.StartIndex + startIndex;
}
drawingCanvas.Polyline();
this.RemoveVisual(rectVisual);
this.InvalidateVisual();
}
isMouseMoved = false;
}
double preMoved = DrawingCanvas.YZero;
System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch stopwatch = new System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch();
//long preTime = 0;
private const long MIN_TIME= 15000;
private void DrawingCanvas_MouseMove(object sender, System.Windows.Input.MouseEventArgs e)
{
double positionX = e.GetPosition(this).X;
if (mMode == MouseMode.VIEW)
{
int len = drawingCanvas.AllDatas[0].EndIndex - drawingCanvas.AllDatas[0].StartIndex+1;
if (positionX > x0 && positionX < x0+mWidth && Math.Abs(positionX - preMoved) >= mWidth / len)
{
//计算速度鼠标移动速度，如果速度过快 ，则不绘制
if (stopwatch.IsRunning)
{
stopwatch.Stop();
}
long curTime = stopwatch.ElapsedTicks;
//Console.WriteLine(curTime);
if(curTime > MIN_TIME)
{
this.PolyText(positionX);
}
stopwatch.Restart();
preMoved = positionX;
}
}
else if (isMouseDown && startDown > x0 && startDown < mWidth+x0)
{
isMouseMoved = true;
this.PolyRect(startDown, positionX);
}
//stopwatch.Start();
}
private bool isMouseDown = false;
private bool isMouseMoved = false;
private double startDown;
private double endup;
private int clickTimes = 0;
private void DrawingCanvas_MouseLeftButtonDown(object sender, System.Windows.Input.MouseButtonEventArgs e)
{
isMouseDown = true;
mMode = MouseMode.ZOOM;
startDown = e.GetPosition(this).X;
this.RemoveVisual(textVisual);
this.InvalidateVisual();
//双击
clickTimes++;
DispatcherTimer timer = new DispatcherTimer();
timer.Interval = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 0, 0, 300);
timer.Tick += (s, e1) => { timer.IsEnabled = false; clickTimes = 0; };
timer.IsEnabled = true;
if (clickTimes % 2 == 0)
{
//Console.WriteLine("double");
timer.IsEnabled = false;
clickTimes = 0;
foreach (LineDatas data in drawingCanvas.AllDatas)
{
data.StartIndex = 0;
data.EndIndex = data.RtData.Count - 1;
}
drawingCanvas.Polyline();
drawingCanvas.InvalidateVisual();
//this.InvalidateVisual();
}
}
//获取Visual的个数
protected override int VisualChildrenCount
{
get { return visuals.Count; }
}
public double MWidth
{
get
{
return mWidth;
}
set
{
mWidth = value;
}
}
public double MHeight
{
get
{
return mHeight;
}
set
{
mHeight = value;
}
}
public double CanvasWidth
{
get
{
return canvasWidth;
}
set
{
canvasWidth = value;
this.Width = value;
mWidth = value - x0 - y0;
}
}
//获取Visual
protected override Visual GetVisualChild(int index)
{
return visuals[index];
}
//添加Visual
public void AddVisual(Visual visual)
{
visuals.Add(visual);
base.AddVisualChild(visual);
base.AddLogicalChild(visual);
}
//删除Visual
public void RemoveVisual(Visual visual)
{
visuals.Remove(visual);
base.RemoveVisualChild(visual);
base.RemoveLogicalChild(visual);
//visual = null;
}
//命中测试
public DrawingVisual GetVisual(Point point)
{
HitTestResult hitResult = VisualTreeHelper.HitTest(this, point);
return hitResult.VisualHit as DrawingVisual;
}
//绘制鼠标选择放大的矩形
DrawingVisual rectVisual;
public void PolyRect(double startx, double endx)
{
if (rectVisual != null)
{
this.RemoveVisual(rectVisual);
}
rectVisual = new DrawingVisual();
DrawingContext dc = rectVisual.RenderOpen();
Pen pen = new Pen(new SolidColorBrush(Color.FromArgb(100, 255, 200, 200)), 1);
dc.DrawRectangle(new SolidColorBrush(Color.FromArgb(100, 255, 200, 200)), pen, new Rect(new Point(startx, y0), new Point(endx, y0+mHeight)));
dc.Close();
this.AddVisual(rectVisual);
this.InvalidateVisual();
}
//绘制显示选中的数值
DrawingVisual textVisual;
public void PolyText(double xPosition)
{
if (drawingCanvas.AllDatas.Count < 1)
return;
if (textVisual != null)
{
this.RemoveVisual(textVisual);
}
textVisual = new DrawingVisual();
DrawingContext dc = textVisual.RenderOpen();
int len = drawingCanvas.AllDatas[0].EndIndex - drawingCanvas.AllDatas[0].StartIndex+1;
double step = mWidth / len;
// Console.WriteLine("*****linestep:" + step);
int index = (int)((xPosition - x0) / step);
double ax = x0 + index * step;
//竖线
Pen pen = new Pen(Brushes.Transparent, 3);
pen.Freeze();
FormattedText[] ftXs = new FormattedText[drawingCanvas.AllDatas.Count];
for (int i = 0; i < drawingCanvas.AllDatas.Count; i++)
{
int mIndex = index + drawingCanvas.AllDatas[i].StartIndex;
ftXs[i] = new FormattedText("X:" + drawingCanvas.AllDatas[i].XData[mIndex] + " 实测:" + drawingCanvas.AllDatas[i].RtData[mIndex] + " 设计:" + drawingCanvas.AllDatas[i].ThData[mIndex], new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("zh-CHS", false), FlowDirection.LeftToRight, new Typeface("Microsoft YaHei"), 15, Brushes.White);
//计算是否超出范围
if (ax + ftXs[i].Width < x0+mWidth)
{
dc.DrawRectangle(new SolidColorBrush(Color.FromArgb(200, 0, 150, 179)), pen, new Rect(new Point(ax, (i+1)*y0+i*drawingCanvas.YHeight), new Point(ax + ftXs[i].Width, (i + 1) * y0 + i * drawingCanvas.YHeight + ftXs[i].Height)));
dc.DrawText(ftXs[i], new Point(ax, (i + 1) * y0 + i * drawingCanvas.YHeight));
}
else
{
dc.DrawRectangle(new SolidColorBrush(Color.FromArgb(200, 0, 150, 179)), pen, new Rect(new Point(ax - ftXs[i].Width, (i + 1) * y0 + i * drawingCanvas.YHeight), new Point(ax, (i + 1) * y0 + i * drawingCanvas.YHeight + ftXs[i].Height)));
dc.DrawText(ftXs[i], new Point(ax - ftXs[i].Width, (i + 1) * y0 + i * drawingCanvas.YHeight));
}
}
Pen penLine = new Pen(new SolidColorBrush(Color.FromArgb(200, 0, 150, 179)), 3);
penLine.DashStyle = new DashStyle(new double[] { 2.5, 2.5 }, 0);
penLine.Freeze();
dc.DrawLine(penLine, new Point(ax,y0), new Point(ax, y0+mHeight));
dc.Close();
this.AddVisual(textVisual);
this.InvalidateVisual();
}
}
}
LineDatas.CS
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Media;
namespace Zero_Gjy.UserControls
{
class LineDatas
{
string title;
double min;
double max;
DoubleCollection xData;
DoubleCollection rtData;
DoubleCollection thData;
int startIndex;
int endIndex;
public double Min
{
get
{
return min;
}
set
{
min = value;
}
}
public double Max
{
get
{
return max;
}
set
{
max = value;
}
}
public string Title
{
get
{
return title;
}
set
{
title = value;
}
}
public DoubleCollection RtData
{
get
{
return rtData;
}
set
{
rtData = value;
min = value.Min();
max = value.Max();
}
}
public DoubleCollection ThData
{
get
{
return thData;
}
set
{
thData = value;
}
}
public int StartIndex
{
get
{
return startIndex;
}
set
{
startIndex = value;
}
}
public int EndIndex
{
get
{
return endIndex;
}
set
{
endIndex = value;
}
}
public DoubleCollection XData
{
get
{
return xData;
}
set
{
xData = value;
}
}
public LineDatas()
{
this.title = "";
this.Max = 0;
this.Min = 0;
this.XData = new DoubleCollection();
this.RtData = new DoubleCollection();
this.ThData = new DoubleCollection();
}
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
/// <param name="_title">数据标题</param>
/// <param name="min">数据最小值</param>
/// <param name="max">数据最大值</param>
/// <param name="_xData">x坐标</param>
/// <param name="rtdata">实测数据</param>
/// <param name="thdata">理论数据</param>
public LineDatas(string _title,double min, double max, DoubleCollection _xData, DoubleCollection rtdata,DoubleCollection thdata)
{
this.title = _title;
this.Min = min;
this.Max = max;
this.XData = _xData;
this.RtData = rtdata ;
this.ThData = thdata;
this.StartIndex = 0;
this.EndIndex = rtData.Count - 1;
}
public void clear()
{
this.XData.Clear();
this.RtData.Clear();
this.ThData.Clear();
}
}
}
