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Python学习笔记(5)
标准库函数
Python提供了很多标准库函数,用于完成很多通用任务。之前已经用过input(),raw_input(),range()等函数。
一些库函数已经在Python解释器中内建,因此可以直接调用。还有很多库函数则放在模块下的文件中。这些模块在安装Python时已一并复制,要调用这些放在模块内的库函数,必须使用import()语句导入。
1)产生随机数
import random
def main():
number = random.randint(1,10)
print 'The number is', number
main()
结果:The number is 8
例2:
import random
def main():
for count in range(5):
number = random.randint(1,100)
print number
main()
结果:
63
8
1
61
36
例3:
import random
def main():
again = 'y'
while again=='y' or again=='Y':
print 'Rolling the dice...'
print 'Their values are:'
print random.randint(1,6)
print random.randint(1,6)
again = raw_input('Roll them again? (y=yes): ')
main()
2)函数返回值
使用return expression语句。
def main():
first_age = input('Enter your age:')
second_age = input('Enter yoru best friend/'s age:')
total = sum(first_age, second_age)
print 'Together you are', total, 'years old.'
def sum(num1,num2):
result = num1+num2
return result
main()
3)返回多个值
使用return expression1, expression2, etc.
def get_name():
first = raw_input('Enter your first name:')
last = raw_input('Enter your last name:')
return first, last
print get_name()
结果:
Enter your first name:Mr.
Enter your last name:Jack
('Mr.', 'Jack')
4)math模块
import math
def main():
number = input('Enter a number: ')
square_root = math.sqrt(number)
print 'The square root of',number,'is',square_root
main()
结果:
Enter a number: 645
The square root of 645 is 25.3968501984
math模块的常用函数:
acos(x) 反余弦
asin(x) 反正弦
atan(x) 反正切
ceil(x) 大于或等于x的最小整数
sin(x) 正弦
cos(x) 余弦
tan(x) 正切
degrees(x) 弧度转角度数
exp(x) 返回e的x次方
floor(x) 小于或等于x的最大整数
hypot(x,y) 从原点(0,0)到(x,y)的直线距离
log(x) x的自然对数
log10(x) x以10为底的对数
radians(x) 角度数转弧度
sqrt(x) 平方根
例子:
import circle
import rectangle
def main():
choice = 0
while choice !=5:
display_menu()
choice = input('Enter your choice:')
if choice == 1:
radius = input("Enter the circle's radius: ")
print 'The area is',circle.area(radius)
elif choice == 2:
radus = input("Enter the circle's radius:")
print 'The circumference is', circle.circumference(radius)
elif choice == 3:
width = input("Enter the rectangle's width:")
length = input("Enter the rectangle's length:")
print 'The area is', rectangle.area(width,length)
elif choice == 4:
width = input("Enter the rectangle's width:")
length = input("Enter the rectangle's length:")
print 'The perimeter is', rectangle.perimeter(width,length)
elif choice == 5:
print 'Exiting the program...'
print 'OK'
else:
print 'Error: invalid selection.'
def display_menu():
print ' MENU'
print '1) Area of a circle'
print '2) Circumference of a circle'
print '3) Area of a rectangle'
print '4) Perimeter of a rectangle'
print '5) Quit'
main()