首先新建一个项目test_url,项目包含一个名为app01的应用
在urls.py文件中生成如下内容
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
def index(request):
return HttpResponse("index")
def test(request):
return HttpResponse("test")
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^index',index),
url(r'^test',test),
]启动项目,用浏览器打开http://127.0.0.1:8000/test和http://127.0.0.1:8000/index/
页面如下
上面的例子是正向生成url,既然Django可以正向生成url,当然也可以反向生成url
无参数反向生成url
修改urls.py文件
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse,redirect
def index(request):
from django.urls import reverse # 导入reverse
reverse_url=reverse("test_url") # 用reverse把别名为test_url的路由反向生成url
print("reverse_url:",reverse_url) # 打印反向生成的url
return redirect(reverse_url) # 重定向到反向生成的url
def test(request):
return HttpResponse("test")
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^index',index),
url(r'^test1/test2/test3/test',test,name="test_url"), # 为test路由设置一个test_url别名
]用浏览器打开http://127.0.0.1:8000/index,然后回车
而服务端打印的反向生成的utl如下
可以看到,浏览器的地址栏里显示的url跟我们输入的地址不一样,而是跟Django的路由表中设置了路由别名的url是一样的.
从上面的例子可以看出,反向生成url已经成功了.
有参数的反向生成url
使用正则表达式通过args传入参数反向生成url
修改urls.py文件
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse,redirect
def index(request):
from django.urls import reverse
reverse_url=reverse("test_url",args=(2,8))
print("reverse_url:",reverse_url)
return redirect(reverse_url)
def test(request,*args,**kwargs):
return HttpResponse("test")
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^index',index),
url(r'^test1/(\d+)/test2/test3/(\d+)/test',test,name="test_url"),
]浏览器打开http://127.0.0.1:8000/index这个地址
浏览器的地址变成了
而在服务端后台打印反向生成的url为
使用正则表达式通过kwargs传入参数反向生成url
修改urls.py文件
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse,redirect
def index(request):
from django.urls import reverse
reverse_url=reverse("test_url",kwargs={"a1":23,"a2":37})
print("reverse_url:",reverse_url)
return redirect(reverse_url)
def test(request,*args,**kwargs):
return HttpResponse("test")
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^index',index),
url(r'^test1/(?P<a1>\d+)/test2/test3/(?P<a2>\d+)/test',test,name="test_url"),
]浏览器打开http://127.0.0.1:8000/index这个地址
后台打印反向生成的url
反向生成url之namespace
在上面的例子里,反向生成url使用的是一个视图函数和一个url别名
再来看反向生成url时,namespace的用法
修改urls.py文件
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse,redirect
def index(request):
return HttpResponse("index")
def test(request,*args,**kwargs):
return HttpResponse("test")
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^app01/',([
url(r'^index/', index, name="index1"),
url(r'^test/', test, name="test1"),
],"url1","url1")),
]浏览器打开http://127.0.0.1:8000/app01/index这个地址
再来反向生成url
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, redirect
def index(request):
from django.urls import reverse
reverse_url=reverse("test1")
print("reverse_url:",reverse_url)
return HttpResponse("index")
def test(request, *args, **kwargs):
return HttpResponse("test")
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^app01/', ([
url(r'^index/', index, name="index1"),
url(r'^test/', test, name="test1"),
], "url1", "url1")),
]浏览器打开http://127.0.0.1:8000/app01/index这个地址
Django的报错信息提示:test1不是一个有效的视图函数或模式的名称
修改urls.py文件
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, redirect
def index(request):
from django.urls import reverse
reverse_url=reverse("test1")
print("reverse_url:",reverse_url)
return HttpResponse("index")
def test(request, *args, **kwargs):
return HttpResponse("test")
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^app01/', ([
url(r'^index/', index, name="index1"),
url(r'^test/', test, name="test1"),
], None, None)),
]浏览器再次打开http://127.0.0.1:8000/app01/index这个地址
如果url中出现了namespace,必须在reverse方法中加入namespace
把urls.py修改,在reverse中加入namespace
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, redirect
def index(request):
from django.urls import reverse
reverse_url=reverse("url1:test1")
print("reverse_url:",reverse_url)
return HttpResponse("index")
def test(request, *args, **kwargs):
return HttpResponse("test")
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^app01/', ([
url(r'^index/', index, name="index1"),
url(r'^test/', test, name="test1"),
], "url1", "url1")),
]浏览器再次打开http://127.0.0.1:8000/app01/index这个地址
在后台打印加入namespace的反向生成的url
通过博客Django中url的生成过程详解
知道一个项目的url是可以嵌套多层的,那么多层嵌套url的namespace应该怎么设定呢??
修改urls.py文件的urlpatterns如下
urlpatterns=[
url(r'^app01/',([
url(r'^userinfo/',([
url(r'^index/',index,name="index1"),
url(r'^test/',test,name="test1"),
],None,None))
],"url1","url1"))
]这个url嵌套了3层,最里面一层的url设定了别名,最里面一层的url向外找,应该用谁的namespace呢??
最里面一层的url向外找,中间一层的url的namespace为None,即没有设定namespace,应该继续向最外面一层寻找namespace
修改urls.py文件,在reverse方法中添加namespace
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, redirect
def index(request):
from django.urls import reverse
reverse_url=reverse("url1:test1")
print("reverse_url:",reverse_url)
return HttpResponse("index")
def test(request, *args, **kwargs):
return HttpResponse("test")
urlpatterns=[
url(r'^app01/',([
url(r'^userinfo/',([
url(r'^index/',index,name="index1"),
url(r'^test/',test,name="test1"),
],"url2","url2"))
],"url1","url1"))
]浏览器打开http://127.0.0.1:8000/app01/userinfo/index/地址
如果中间一层也有namespace,这时就有两个namespace,此时应该用哪个namespace呢??
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, redirect
def index(request):
from django.urls import reverse
reverse_url=reverse("url2:test1")
print("reverse_url:",reverse_url)
return HttpResponse("index")
def test(request, *args, **kwargs):
return HttpResponse("test")
urlpatterns=[
url(r'^app01/',([
url(r'^userinfo/',([
url(r'^index/',index,name="index1"),
url(r'^test/',test,name="test1"),
],"url2","url2"))
],"url1","url1"))
]
只添加url2这个namespace,刷新浏览器页面
在上面的例子基础上添加url1这个namespace
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, redirect
def index(request):
from django.urls import reverse
reverse_url=reverse("url1:url2:test1")
print("reverse_url:",reverse_url)
return HttpResponse("index")
def test(request, *args, **kwargs):
return HttpResponse("test")
urlpatterns=[
url(r'^app01/',([
url(r'^userinfo/',([
url(r'^index/',index,name="index1"),
url(r'^test/',test,name="test1"),
],"url2","url2"))
],"url1","url1"))
]
再次刷新浏览器
所以,如果url使用了多层嵌套,且每一层嵌套都有各自的namespace,在使用reverse进行反向生成url的时候
必须要把所有的namespace从最外层向里层使用":"连接起来.
namespace(名称空间)的作用是什么呢??
- 当一个项目中有多个应用,每个应用的url都嵌套了多层且里层的url和name别名相同的时候,这时就可以根据namespace来区分不同应用的相同url.
