JDBC 框架概述
在使用普通的 JDBC 数据库时，就会很麻烦的写不必要的代码来处理异常，打开和关闭数据库连接等。但 Spring JDBC 框架负责所有的低层细节，从开始打开连接，准备和执行 SQL 语句，处理异常，处理事务，到最后关闭连接。
所以当从数据库中获取数据时，你所做的是定义连接参数，指定要执行的 SQL 语句，每次迭代完成所需的工作。
Spring JDBC 提供几种方法和数据库中相应的不同的类与接口。我将给出使用 JdbcTemplate 类框架的经典和最受欢迎的方法。这是管理所有数据库通信和异常处理的中央框架类。
JdbcTemplate 类
JdbcTemplate 类执行 SQL 查询、更新语句和存储过程调用，执行迭代结果集和提取返回参数值。它也捕获 JDBC 异常并转换它们到 org.springframework.dao 包中定义的通用类、更多的信息、异常层次结构。
JdbcTemplate 类的实例是线程安全配置的。所以你可以配置 JdbcTemplate 的单个实例，然后将这个共享的引用安全地注入到多个 DAOs 中。
使用 JdbcTemplate 类时常见的做法是在你的 Spring 配置文件中配置数据源，然后共享数据源 bean 依赖注入到 DAO 类中，并在数据源的设值函数中创建了 JdbcTemplate。
演示示例如下:
(1)建立mysql数据库，并导入该脚本，库名可任意命名，这里命名为test,sql脚本为:
CREATE TABLE Student( ID INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, NAME VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL, AGE INT NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (ID) );
(2)创建实体
package com.tutorialspoint; public class Student { private Integer age; private String name; private Integer id; public void setAge(Integer age) { this.age = age; } public Integer getAge() { return age; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public Integer getId() { return id; } }
(3)创建DAO
package com.tutorialspoint; import java.util.List; import javax.sql.DataSource; public interface StudentDAO { /** * This is the method to be used to initialize * database resources ie. connection. */ public void setDataSource(DataSource ds); /** * This is the method to be used to create * a record in the Student table. */ public void create(String name, Integer age); /** * This is the method to be used to list down * a record from the Student table corresponding * to a passed student id. */ public Student getStudent(Integer id); /** * This is the method to be used to list down * all the records from the Student table. */ public List<Student> listStudents(); /** * This is the method to be used to delete * a record from the Student table corresponding * to a passed student id. */ public void delete(Integer id); /** * This is the method to be used to update * a record into the Student table. */ public void update(Integer id, Integer age); }
(4)创建StudentMapper
package com.tutorialspoint; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.SQLException; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper; public class StudentMapper implements RowMapper<Student> { public Student mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException { Student student = new Student(); student.setId(rs.getInt("id")); student.setName(rs.getString("name")); student.setAge(rs.getInt("age")); return student; } }
(5)创建StudentJDBCTemplate
package com.tutorialspoint; import java.util.List; import javax.sql.DataSource; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate; public class StudentJDBCTemplate implements StudentDAO { private DataSource dataSource; private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplateObject; public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) { this.dataSource = dataSource; this.jdbcTemplateObject = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource); } public void create(String name, Integer age) { String SQL = "insert into Student (name, age) values (?, ?)"; jdbcTemplateObject.update( SQL, name, age); System.out.println("Created Record Name = " + name + " Age = " + age); return; } public Student getStudent(Integer id) { String SQL = "select * from Student where id = ?"; Student student = jdbcTemplateObject.queryForObject(SQL, new Object[]{id}, new StudentMapper()); return student; } public List<Student> listStudents() { String SQL = "select * from Student"; List <Student> students = jdbcTemplateObject.query(SQL, new StudentMapper()); return students; } public void delete(Integer id){ String SQL = "delete from Student where id = ?"; jdbcTemplateObject.update(SQL, id); System.out.println("Deleted Record with ID = " + id ); return; } public void update(Integer id, Integer age){ String SQL = "update Student set age = ? where id = ?"; jdbcTemplateObject.update(SQL, age, id); System.out.println("Updated Record with ID = " + id ); return; } }
(6)编写对应的Beans.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd "> <!-- Initialization for data source --> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"> <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/> <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test"/> <property name="username" value="root"/> <property name="password" value="1234"/> </bean> <!-- Definition for studentJDBCTemplate bean --> <bean id="studentJDBCTemplate" class="com.tutorialspoint.StudentJDBCTemplate"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> </bean> </beans>
(7)编写MainApp.java并运行
package com.tutorialspoint; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class MainApp { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Beans.xml"); StudentJDBCTemplate studentJDBCTemplate = (StudentJDBCTemplate)context.getBean("studentJDBCTemplate"); System.out.println("------Records Creation--------" ); studentJDBCTemplate.create("Zara", 11); studentJDBCTemplate.create("Nuha", 2); studentJDBCTemplate.create("Ayan", 15); System.out.println("------Listing Multiple Records--------" ); List<Student> students = studentJDBCTemplate.listStudents(); for (Student record : students) { System.out.print("ID : " + record.getId() ); System.out.print(", Name : " + record.getName() ); System.out.println(", Age : " + record.getAge()); } System.out.println("----Updating Record with ID = 2 -----" ); studentJDBCTemplate.update(2, 20); System.out.println("----Listing Record with ID = 2 -----" ); Student student = studentJDBCTemplate.getStudent(2); System.out.print("ID : " + student.getId() ); System.out.print(", Name : " + student.getName() ); System.out.println(", Age : " + student.getAge()); } }
运行结果如下:
数据表数据由无变为有:
