用python抓取智联招聘信息并存入excel

tags:python 智联招聘导出excel

引言：前一阵子是人们俗称的金三银四，跳槽的朋友很多，我觉得每个人都应该给自己做一下规划，根据自己的进步作出调整。建议不要看到身边的人涨了工资就盲目的心动。一般来说跳槽后要熟悉新的环境会浪费不少时间，如果现在的工作在氛围和自身进步上还可以接受，其他比如待遇方面可以和公司协调解决。

本文参考了yaoyefengchen的博客：文章链接，并进行了地域搜索优化和将存储方式由cvs改成大家常用的excel。下面进入正文

先说一下大概流程：
在智联职位搜索页面上选好自己的搜索条件后，发现链接地址为：

http://sou.zhaopin.com/jobs/searchresult.ashx?jl=北京&kw=php高级工程师&sm=0&re=2006&isfilter=1&p=1&sf=10001&st=15000

分析链接中的参数如下（过滤条件可以选择不写），并构造出请求的数据，header的设置只要可以访问网页即可。

paras = {
       'jl': city,         # 搜索城市
       'kw': keyword,      # 搜索关键词
       'isadv': 0,         # 是否打开更详细搜索选项
       'isfilter': 1,      # 是否对结果过滤
       'p': page,          # 页数
       're': region        # region的缩写，地区，2005代表海淀
   }
   # sf=10001&st=15000这两个是我筛选的工资区间，如果有这个需求可以自己添加参数。
    url = 'https://sou.zhaopin.com/jobs/searchresult.ashx?' + urlencode(paras)

yaoyefengchen用的是正则匹配出职位，薪资，公司等信息，并没有提供具体地域（比如海淀还是朝阳）对应的region。我后来是用的xpath提取出了北京的各个地域组成字典，直接输入地区的汉字就可以了。如下：

# 取搜索页面得到地域的对应数字 比如海淀对应2005
def parseHtmlToGetRegion(regionAddress):
    url = 'http://sou.zhaopin.com/jobs/searchresult.ashx?jl=北京&sm=0&isfilter=1&p=1&re=2006'
    # 获取代理ip地址 只取前五页
    html= getHtml(url)
    regionId = html.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div[3]/div[1]/div[4]/div[1]/div[2]/a/@href')
    region = html.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div[3]/div[1]/div[4]/div[1]/div[2]/a/text()')
    #解析一下region中的编号去掉无效内容
    regionList = {}
    for i,regionHref in enumerate(regionId):
        if i==0:
            continue
        regionList[region[i]] = regionId[i][-4::]
    return regionList.get(regionAddress)

另外，cvs格式在用一些工具比如excel打开的时候经常出现乱码，需要转化或者下载一些专用的软件。我觉得很不方便，所以直接存成了excel格式，不得不说，在存数据到excel文件这方面，python简直比php容易太多了。

# 存入excle
def write_xls_file(filename, headers, jobs):
    table = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf8')
    table_page = table.add_sheet('jobs')

    for i,header in enumerate(headers):
        table_page.write(0,i,header)
    for j,items in enumerate(jobs,start = 1):
        for q,item in items.items():
            table_page.write(j, q, item)
    table.save(filename)

完整代码如下，可以直接使用。别忘了保存文章最下面的user_agents.py文件

#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
'''
Created on 2018-05-7
@author: Vinter_he
'''
import re
import requests
import xlwt
from tqdm import tqdm
from urllib.parse import urlencode
from requests.exceptions import RequestException
from lxml import etree
import user_agents
import random
import datetime

def get_one_page(city, keyword, region, page):
   '''
   获取网页html内容并返回
   '''
   paras = {
       'jl': city,         # 搜索城市
       'kw': keyword,      # 搜索关键词
       'isadv': 0,         # 是否打开更详细搜索选项
       'isfilter': 1,      # 是否对结果过滤
       'p': page,          # 页数
       're': region        # region的缩写，地区，2005代表海淀
   }

   headers = {
       'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36',
       'Host': 'sou.zhaopin.com',
       'Referer': 'https://www.zhaopin.com/',
       'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8',
       'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
       'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9'
   }

   url = 'https://sou.zhaopin.com/jobs/searchresult.ashx?' + urlencode(paras)
   try:
       # 获取网页内容，返回html数据
       response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
       # 通过状态码判断是否获取成功
       if response.status_code == 200:
           return response.text
       return None
   except RequestException as e:
       return None

def parse_one_page(html):
   '''
   解析HTML代码，提取有用信息并返回
   '''
   # 正则表达式进行解析
   pattern = re.compile('<a style=.*? target="_blank">(.*?)</a>.*?'        # 匹配职位信息
       '<td class="gsmc"><a href="(.*?)" target="_blank">(.*?)</a>.*?'     # 匹配公司网址和公司名称
       '<td class="zwyx">(.*?)</td>', re.S)                                # 匹配月薪

   # 匹配所有符合条件的内容
   items = re.findall(pattern, html)

   for item in items:
       job_name = item[0]
       job_name = job_name.replace('<b>', '')
       job_name = job_name.replace('</b>', '')
       yield {
           0: job_name,
           1: item[1],
           2: item[2],
           3: item[3]
       }

# 存入excle
def write_xls_file(filename, headers, jobs):
    table = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf8')
    table_page = table.add_sheet('jobs')

    for i,header in enumerate(headers):
        table_page.write(0,i,header)
    for j,items in enumerate(jobs,start = 1):
        for q,item in items.items():
            table_page.write(j, q, item)
    table.save(filename)

def main(city, keyword, region, pages):
   '''
   主函数
   '''
   filename = '智联_' +datetime.date.today().strftime('%Y-%m-%d')+ city + '_' + keyword + '.xls'
   headers = ['job', 'website', 'company', 'salary']
   jobs = []
   for i in tqdm(range(pages)):
       '''
       获取该页中所有职位信息，写入xls文件
       '''
       region = parseHtmlToGetRegion(region)
       html = get_one_page(city, keyword, region, i)
       items = parse_one_page(html)
       for item in items:
           jobs.append(item)
   write_xls_file(filename, headers, jobs)

def getHtml(url):
    response = requests.get(url=url, headers={'User-Agent':random.choice(user_agents.user_agents)}, timeout=10).text
    html = etree.HTML(response)
    return html

# 取搜索页面得到地域的对应数字 比如海淀对应2005
def parseHtmlToGetRegion(regionAddress):
    url = 'http://sou.zhaopin.com/jobs/searchresult.ashx?jl=北京&sm=0&isfilter=1&p=1&re=2006'
    # 获取代理ip地址 只取前五页
    html= getHtml(url)
    regionId = html.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div[3]/div[1]/div[4]/div[1]/div[2]/a/@href')
    region = html.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div[3]/div[1]/div[4]/div[1]/div[2]/a/text()')
    #解析一下region中的编号去掉无效内容
    regionList = {}
    for i,regionHref in enumerate(regionId):
        if i==0:
            continue
        regionList[region[i]] = regionId[i][-4::]
    return regionList.get(regionAddress)

if __name__ == '__main__':
   main('北京', 'php工程师', '朝阳', 10)

下面是和以前一样的user_agents.py文件 这个文件以后就不给了大家可以自己保存一下备用

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
'''
Created on 2018-04-27

@author: Vinter_he
'''

user_agents = [
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; it; rv:1.8.1.11) Gecko/20071127 Firefox/2.0.0.11',
    'Opera/9.25 (Windows NT 5.1; U; en)',
    'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Konqueror/3.5; Linux) KHTML/3.5.5 (like Gecko) (Kubuntu)',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.8.0.12) Gecko/20070731 Ubuntu/dapper-security Firefox/1.5.0.12',
    'Lynx/2.8.5rel.1 libwww-FM/2.14 SSL-MM/1.4.1 GNUTLS/1.2.9'
    
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1090.0 Safari/536.6",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.77.34.5 Safari/537.1",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.9 Safari/536.5",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.36 Safari/536.5",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_0) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.0 Safari/536.3",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24"
]