对于Linq查询有几个要点,数据源,元素,投影。把握这几个要点,那么运用起来得心应手。
(一)查找句子
这里指的句是是英文句子,英文句子以.!?结束(逗点,叹号,问号)。下面摘取《The Call of the Wild》一段来进行介绍。
先来一大段:
string str=@"There he lay for the remainder of the weary night, nursing his wrath"+
@"and wounded pride. He could not understand what it all meant. What"+
@"did they want with him, these strange men? Why were they keeping"+
@"him pent up in this narrow crate? He did not know why, but he felt"+
@"oppressed by the vague sense of impending calamity. Several times"+
@"during the night he sprang to his feet when the shed door rattled open,"+
@"expecting to see the Judge, or the boys at least. But each time it was"+
@"the bulging face of the saloon-keeper that peered in at him by the sickly"+
@"light of a tallow candle. And each time the joyful bark that trembled in"+
@"Buck's throat was twisted into a savage growl.";
然后,查找带有“Buck”的句子,并分别打印出来。
首先,这里的数据源就是这个字符串(或者说这个段落),然后元素就是想要的每个句子,投影也是句子,就是要段落中的所有句子。
获取数据源:数据源应该是句子集合,对于字符串来说,直接的进行Linq查询,那么它的元素将是一个一个的字符,所以这里要得到数据源:
用来分隔句子。现在的结果是:
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There he lay for the remainder of the weary night, nursing his wrathand wounded pride |
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然后,对于含有“Buck”的句子就是其中的元素,它的类型是字符串;而所需要就是这些句子。
where p.Contains( " Buck " )
select p;
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上边查出的句子前边有空格,现在去除空格,这里用正则表达式来完成。
这个相对比较简单:
where p.Contains( " Buck " )
select Regex.Replace(p, @" ^\ " , "" );
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And each time the joyful bark that trembled inBuck's throat was twisted into a savage growl |
(二)遍历文件
遍历目录下的所有文件并打印:
FileInfo[] fileinfos = path.GetFiles();
var q = from p in fileinfos
elect new { 文件名 = p.Name, 文件大小 = p.Length / 1024 };
q.Dump();
我现在打印的是目录下的文件:
文件名
|
文件大小
|
1.jpg |
247 |
float.htm |
0 |
…… |
…… |
链接.htm |
0 |
上边只是遍历了目录下的文件,而对于其中的文件夹中的文件没能查询到,下边实现遍历全路径,方法很简单:
FileInfo[] fileinfos = path.GetFiles( " * " , SearchOption.AllDirectories);
var q = from p in fileinfos
select new
{ 文件名 = p.Name, 文件大小 = p.Length / 1024 , 文件路径 = p.FullName };
q.Dump();
文件名
|
文件大小
|
文件路径
|
1.jpg |
247 |
L:\css\1.jpg |
float.htm |
0 |
L:\css\float.htm |
…… |
…… |
…… |
qq.gif |
25 |
L:\css\pic\qq.gif |
t.png |
15 |
L:\css\pic\t.png |
找到数据源,明确其中的元素单位,并按所需进行投影设置。
(三)查找最大的文件
按文件大小排序,并通过元素选择来得到文件
FileInfo[] fileinfos = path.GetFiles( " * " , SearchOption.AllDirectories);
var q = (from p in fileinfos
orderby p.Length
select p).Last();
Console.Write(q.FullName);
(四)在文本文件中查找字符串
查找带有指定字符串的文件
where p.Extension == " .htm "
select p.FullName;
先指定筛选条件文件文件,扩展名为htm的文件,然后投影选择文件全名。然后在投影之前添加对文本文件中的字符串的查找:
FileInfo[] files = path.GetFiles( " * " , SearchOption.AllDirectories);
var q = from p in files
where p.Extension == " .htm "
&& GetFileContent(p.FullName).Contains( " 导航 " )
select p;
foreach (var info in q)
Console.WriteLine(info.FullName);
GetFileContent方法是通过路径读取文本文件内容。
结果略。
这里提一下let关键字。Let类似mssql中的declare,用于声明局部变量
where p.Extension == " .htm "
let strContent = GetFileContent(p.FullName)
where strContent.Contains( " 导航 " )
select p;
这里设置strContent变量,然后再通过另一个where来与上过滤条件。Let非常有用。