RabbitMQ
一,RabbitMQ简单介绍:
RabbitMQ是一个在AMQP基础上完整的，可复用的企业消息系统。他遵循Mozilla Public License开源协议。
MQ全称为Message Queue, 消息队列（MQ）是一种应用程序对应用程序的通信方法。应用程序通过读写出入队列的消息（针对应用程序的数据）来通信，而无需专用连接来链接它们。消 息传递指的是程序之间通过在消息中发送数据进行通信，而不是通过直接调用彼此来通信，直接调用通常是用于诸如远程过程调用的技术。排队指的是应用程序通过 队列来通信。队列的使用除去了接收和发送应用程序同时执行的要求。
二,安装
pip install pika
三,简单队列
1丶使用API操作RabbitMQ
基于Queue实现生产者消费者模型
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import Queue import threading message = Queue.Queue(10) def producer(i): while True: message.put(i) def consumer(i): while True: msg = message.get() for i in range(12): t = threading.Thread(target=producer, args=(i,)) t.start() for i in range(10): t = threading.Thread(target=consumer, args=(i,)) t.start()
对于RabbitMQ来说，生产和消费不再针对内存里的一个Queue对象，而是某台服务器上的RabbitMQ Server实现的消息队列。
# ！/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import pika connection = pika.BaseConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='10.211.55.4')) # 封装socket逻辑部分 channel = connection.channel() # 拿到操作句柄 channel.queue_declare(queue='hello') # 通过channel创建一个队列，再给给队列取名字 channel.basic_publish(exchange='', # 通过句柄给 routing_key='hello', # 把body的数据放到名为hello的队列里去 body='Hello World!', )) print("[x] Sent 'Hello World!") connection.close()
# ！/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import pika connection = pika.BaseConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='10.211.55.4')) channel = connection.channel() channel.queue_declare(queue='hello') # 创建队列 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): # 就是个回调函数 print(" [x] Received %r" % body) channel.basic_consume(callback, # 函数名；取出数据就执行这个函数 queue='hello', # 队列名 no_ack=Ture) # 无应答是（Ture）;有应答（False） print(' [*] Waiting for messages.To exit press CTRL+C') channel.start_consuming()
2丶acknowledgment消息不丢失
no-ack ＝ False，如果消费者遇到情况(its channel is closed, connection is closed, or TCP connection is lost)挂掉了，那么，RabbitMQ会重新将该任务添加到队列中。
# ！/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import pika connection = pika.BaseConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='10.211.55.4')) channel = connection.channel() channel.queue_declare(queue='hello') # 创建队列 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): # 就是个回调函数 print(" [x] Received %r" % body) import time time.sleep(10) print('ok') ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag) # 调为有应答要加上的（下面的要改no_ack=False） channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1) channel.basic_consume(callback, # 函数名；取出数据就执行这个函数 queue='hello', # 队列名 no_ack=False) # 无应答是（Ture）;有应答（False） print(' [*] Waiting for messages.To exit press CTRL+C') channel.start_consuming()
3丶durable消息不丢失
import pika connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='10.211.55.4')) channel = connection.channel() # make message persistent channel.queue_declare(queue='hello', durable=True) # durable=True这个参数是把数据保存到硬盘 channel.basic_publish(exchange='', routing_key='hello', body='Hello World!', properties=pika.BasicProperties( delivery_mode=2, # 传递模式从默认的1，改为2 )) print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'") connection.close()
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import pika connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='10.211.55.4')) channel = connection.channel() # make message persistent channel.queue_declare(queue='hello', durable=True) def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print(" [x] Received %r" % body) import time time.sleep(10) print 'ok' ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag) # 把无应答调整为有应答 channel.basic_consume(callback, queue='hello', no_ack=False) # 改为False,表示有应答 print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C') channel.start_consuming()
4丶消息获取顺序
默认消息队列里的数据是按照顺序被消费者拿走，例如：消费者1 去队列中获取 奇数 序列的任务，消费者1去队列中获取 偶数 序列的任务。
channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1) 表示谁来谁取，不再按照奇偶数排列
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import pika connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='10.211.55.4')) channel = connection.channel() # make message persistent channel.queue_declare(queue='hello') def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print(" [x] Received %r" % body) import time time.sleep(10) print 'ok' ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag) channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1) # prefetch_count=1这个参数就让取的方式改变，不在顺序取数据 channel.basic_consume(callback, queue='hello', no_ack=False) print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C') channel.start_consuming()
四,exchange
1、fanout模式
发布订阅
发布订阅和简单的消息队列区别在于，发布订阅会将消息发送给所有的订阅者，而消息队列中的数据被消费一次便消失。
所以，RabbitMQ实现发布和订阅时，会为每一个订阅者创建一个队列，而发布者发布消息时，会将消息放置在所有相关队列中。
exchange type = fanout
#!/usr/bin/env python import pika import sys connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( host='localhost')) channel = connection.channel() # 创建交换机 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs', # 名字 type='fanout') # 类型 message = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "info: Hello World!" channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs', # 往名字为logs的交换机里 routing_key='', # 把数据直接放到交换机里，不用放到队列中，所以默认为空 body=message) print(" [x] Sent %r" % message) connection.close() # 关闭
#!/usr/bin/env python import pika connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( host='localhost')) channel = connection.channel() #创建交换机 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs', type='fanout') # 随机创建一个队列 result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True) queue_name = result.method.queue channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs', # 随机生成的队列绑定交换机 queue=queue_name) print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C') def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print(" [x] %r" % body) channel.basic_consume(callback, # 在下面阻塞后，如果得到数据后才执行这个函数 queue=queue_name, no_ack=True) channel.start_consuming() # 阻塞住，等待生产者把数据放到消费者，并监听
图形解释：
2、dirct模式
关键字发送
RabbitMQ 还支持根据关键字发送，即：队列绑定关键字，发送者将数据根据关键字发送到消息exchange，
exchange 根据 关键字 判定应该将数据发送至指定队列。
exchange type = direct
#!/usr/bin/env python import pika import sys connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( host='localhost')) channel = connection.channel() channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs', type='direct') severity = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'info' message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!' channel.basic_publish(exchange='direct_logs', routing_key=severity, body=message) print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (severity, message)) connection.close()
#!/usr/bin/env python import pika import sys connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( host='localhost')) channel = connection.channel() channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs', type='direct') result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True) queue_name = result.method.queue severities = sys.argv[1:] if not severities: sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [info] [warning] [error]\n" % sys.argv[0]) sys.exit(1) for severity in severities: # 用循环是可以绑定多个队列 channel.queue_bind(exchange='direct_logs', queue=queue_name, routing_key='severity') # 定义的参数（关键字） channel.queue_bind(exchange='direct_logs', queue=queue_name, routing_key='alex') print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C') def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body)) channel.basic_consume(callback, queue=queue_name, no_ack=True) channel.start_consuming()
图形解释:
在交换机中用一关键字，只有队列里有关键字交换机才会发送数据给绑定的队列。
3、topic
模糊匹配
在topic类型下，可以让队列绑定几个模糊的关键字，之后发送者将数据发送到exchange，exchange将传入”路由值“和 ”关键字“进行匹配，
匹配成功，则将数据发送到指定队列。exchange type = topic
# 表示可以匹配 0 个 或 多个 单词 * 表示只能匹配 一个 单词 发送者路由值 队列中 old.boy.python old.* -- 不匹配 old.boy.python old.# -- 匹配
#!/usr/bin/env python import pika import sys connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( host='localhost')) channel = connection.channel() channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs', type='topic') routing_key = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'anonymous.info' message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!' channel.basic_publish(exchange='topic_logs', routing_key=routing_key, body=message) print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (routing_key, message)) connection.close()
#!/usr/bin/env python import pika import sys connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( host='localhost')) channel = connection.channel() channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs', type='topic') result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True) queue_name = result.method.queue binding_keys = sys.argv[1:] if not binding_keys: sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [binding_key]...\n" % sys.argv[0]) sys.exit(1) for binding_key in binding_keys: channel.queue_bind(exchange='topic_logs', queue=queue_name, routing_key=binding_key) print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C') def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body)) channel.basic_consume(callback, queue=queue_name, no_ack=True) channel.start_consuming()
图形解释:
