Thrift 源码修改

简介: 修改原因: thrfit (0.9.2版本)在生成的c#代码,如果thrift server 返回了null,生成的c#代码会抛出错误,提示 "unkown result.

修改原因:

thrfit (0.9.2版本)在生成的c#代码,如果thrift server 返回了null,生成的c#代码会抛出错误,提示 "unkown result.".

由于这个异常并不能明确说明sever端返回了null,同时个人觉得如果server端返回了null,客户端自然返回null就是了.

也就是server端返回了什么,客户端就拿到什么,而不应该报错.所以产出了修改源码的想法.  (仅是个人想法)

说改就改,在github上clone了thrift项目,然后用vs2010修改了其中的 t_csharp_generator.cc 文件. 

(本地编译时报错,解决办法见:http://blog.csdn.net/wilsonpeng3/article/details/41984787)

修改前:    (这里贴出来了修改前后的整个文件,可以使用文件比对器查看两个文件的差别  Beyond Compare 不错)

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 *
 * Contains some contributions under the Thrift Software License.
 * Please see doc/old-thrift-license.txt in the Thrift distribution for
 * details.
 */

#include <cassert>

#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <cctype>

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sstream>

#include "platform.h"
#include "t_oop_generator.h"

using std::map;
using std::ofstream;
using std::ostringstream;
using std::string;
using std::stringstream;
using std::vector;

static const string endl = "\n"; // avoid ostream << std::endl flushes

class t_csharp_generator : public t_oop_generator {
public:
  t_csharp_generator(t_program* program,
                     const std::map<std::string, std::string>& parsed_options,
                     const std::string& option_string)
    : t_oop_generator(program) {
    (void)option_string;

    std::map<std::string, std::string>::const_iterator iter;

    iter = parsed_options.find("async");
    async_ = (iter != parsed_options.end());
    iter = parsed_options.find("asyncctp");
    async_ctp_ = (iter != parsed_options.end());
    if (async_ && async_ctp_) {
      throw "argument error: Cannot specify both async and asyncctp; they are incompatible.";
    }

    iter = parsed_options.find("nullable");
    nullable_ = (iter != parsed_options.end());

    iter = parsed_options.find("hashcode");
    hashcode_ = (iter != parsed_options.end());

    iter = parsed_options.find("union");
    union_ = (iter != parsed_options.end());

    iter = parsed_options.find("serial");
    serialize_ = (iter != parsed_options.end());
    if (serialize_) {
      wcf_namespace_ = iter->second; // since there can be only one namespace
    }

    iter = parsed_options.find("wcf");
    wcf_ = (iter != parsed_options.end());
    if (wcf_) {
      wcf_namespace_ = iter->second;
    }

    out_dir_base_ = "gen-csharp";
  }
  void init_generator();
  void close_generator();

  void generate_consts(std::vector<t_const*> consts);

  void generate_typedef(t_typedef* ttypedef);
  void generate_enum(t_enum* tenum);
  void generate_struct(t_struct* tstruct);
  void generate_union(t_struct* tunion);
  void generate_xception(t_struct* txception);
  void generate_service(t_service* tservice);
  void generate_property(ofstream& out, t_field* tfield, bool isPublic, bool generateIsset);
  void generate_csharp_property(ofstream& out,
                                t_field* tfield,
                                bool isPublic,
                                bool includeIsset = true,
                                std::string fieldPrefix = "");
  bool print_const_value(std::ofstream& out,
                         std::string name,
                         t_type* type,
                         t_const_value* value,
                         bool in_static,
                         bool defval = false,
                         bool needtype = false);
  std::string render_const_value(std::ofstream& out,
                                 std::string name,
                                 t_type* type,
                                 t_const_value* value);
  void print_const_constructor(std::ofstream& out, std::vector<t_const*> consts);
  void print_const_def_value(std::ofstream& out,
                             std::string name,
                             t_type* type,
                             t_const_value* value);

  void generate_csharp_struct(t_struct* tstruct, bool is_exception);
  void generate_csharp_union(t_struct* tunion);
  void generate_csharp_struct_definition(std::ofstream& out,
                                         t_struct* tstruct,
                                         bool is_xception = false,
                                         bool in_class = false,
                                         bool is_result = false);
  void generate_csharp_union_definition(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tunion);
  void generate_csharp_union_class(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tunion, t_field* tfield);
  void generate_csharp_wcffault(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct);
  void generate_csharp_struct_reader(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct);
  void generate_csharp_struct_result_writer(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct);
  void generate_csharp_struct_writer(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct);
  void generate_csharp_struct_tostring(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct);
  void generate_csharp_struct_equals(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct);
  void generate_csharp_struct_hashcode(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct);
  void generate_csharp_union_reader(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tunion);

  void generate_function_helpers(t_function* tfunction);
  void generate_service_interface(t_service* tservice);
  void generate_service_helpers(t_service* tservice);
  void generate_service_client(t_service* tservice);
  void generate_service_server(t_service* tservice);
  void generate_process_function(t_service* tservice, t_function* function);

  void generate_deserialize_field(std::ofstream& out,
                                  t_field* tfield,
                                  std::string prefix = "",
                                  bool is_propertyless = false);
  void generate_deserialize_struct(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct, std::string prefix = "");
  void generate_deserialize_container(std::ofstream& out, t_type* ttype, std::string prefix = "");
  void generate_deserialize_set_element(std::ofstream& out, t_set* tset, std::string prefix = "");
  void generate_deserialize_map_element(std::ofstream& out, t_map* tmap, std::string prefix = "");
  void generate_deserialize_list_element(std::ofstream& out, t_list* list, std::string prefix = "");
  void generate_serialize_field(std::ofstream& out,
                                t_field* tfield,
                                std::string prefix = "",
                                bool is_element = false,
                                bool is_propertyless = false);
  void generate_serialize_struct(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct, std::string prefix = "");
  void generate_serialize_container(std::ofstream& out, t_type* ttype, std::string prefix = "");
  void generate_serialize_map_element(std::ofstream& out,
                                      t_map* tmap,
                                      std::string iter,
                                      std::string map);
  void generate_serialize_set_element(std::ofstream& out, t_set* tmap, std::string iter);
  void generate_serialize_list_element(std::ofstream& out, t_list* tlist, std::string iter);

  void generate_csharp_doc(std::ofstream& out, t_field* field);
  void generate_csharp_doc(std::ofstream& out, t_doc* tdoc);
  void generate_csharp_doc(std::ofstream& out, t_function* tdoc);
  void generate_csharp_docstring_comment(std::ofstream& out, string contents);

  void start_csharp_namespace(std::ofstream& out);
  void end_csharp_namespace(std::ofstream& out);

  std::string csharp_type_usings();
  std::string csharp_thrift_usings();

  std::string type_name(t_type* ttype,
                        bool in_countainer = false,
                        bool in_init = false,
                        bool in_param = false,
                        bool is_required = false);
  std::string base_type_name(t_base_type* tbase,
                             bool in_container = false,
                             bool in_param = false,
                             bool is_required = false);
  std::string declare_field(t_field* tfield, bool init = false, std::string prefix = "");
  std::string function_signature_async_begin(t_function* tfunction, std::string prefix = "");
  std::string function_signature_async_end(t_function* tfunction, std::string prefix = "");
  std::string function_signature_async(t_function* tfunction, std::string prefix = "");
  std::string function_signature(t_function* tfunction, std::string prefix = "");
  std::string argument_list(t_struct* tstruct);
  std::string type_to_enum(t_type* ttype);
  std::string prop_name(t_field* tfield, bool suppress_mapping = false);
  std::string get_enum_class_name(t_type* type);

  bool field_has_default(t_field* tfield) { return tfield->get_value() != NULL; }

  bool field_is_required(t_field* tfield) { return tfield->get_req() == t_field::T_REQUIRED; }

  bool type_can_be_null(t_type* ttype) {
    while (ttype->is_typedef()) {
      ttype = ((t_typedef*)ttype)->get_type();
    }

    return ttype->is_container() || ttype->is_struct() || ttype->is_xception()
           || ttype->is_string();
  }

private:
  std::string namespace_name_;
  std::ofstream f_service_;
  std::string namespace_dir_;
  bool async_;
  bool async_ctp_;
  bool nullable_;
  bool union_;
  bool hashcode_;
  bool serialize_;
  bool wcf_;
  std::string wcf_namespace_;

  std::map<std::string, int> csharp_keywords;

  void* member_mapping_scope;
  std::map<std::string, std::string> member_name_mapping;

  void init_keywords();
  std::string normalize_name(std::string name);
  std::string make_valid_csharp_identifier(std::string const& fromName);
  void prepare_member_name_mapping(t_struct* tstruct);
  void prepare_member_name_mapping(void* scope,
                                   const vector<t_field*>& members,
                                   const string& structname);
  void cleanup_member_name_mapping(void* scope);
  string get_mapped_member_name(string oldname);
};

void t_csharp_generator::init_generator() {
  MKDIR(get_out_dir().c_str());
  namespace_name_ = program_->get_namespace("csharp");

  string dir = namespace_name_;
  string subdir = get_out_dir().c_str();
  string::size_type loc;

  while ((loc = dir.find(".")) != string::npos) {
    subdir = subdir + "/" + dir.substr(0, loc);
    MKDIR(subdir.c_str());
    dir = dir.substr(loc + 1);
  }
  if (dir.size() > 0) {
    subdir = subdir + "/" + dir;
    MKDIR(subdir.c_str());
  }

  namespace_dir_ = subdir;
  init_keywords();
  member_mapping_scope = NULL;

  pverbose("C# options:\n");
  pverbose("- async ...... %s\n", (async_ ? "ON" : "off"));
  pverbose("- async_ctp .. %s\n", (async_ctp_ ? "ON" : "off"));
  pverbose("- nullable ... %s\n", (nullable_ ? "ON" : "off"));
  pverbose("- union ...... %s\n", (union_ ? "ON" : "off"));
  pverbose("- hashcode ... %s\n", (hashcode_ ? "ON" : "off"));
  pverbose("- serialize .. %s\n", (serialize_ ? "ON" : "off"));
  pverbose("- wcf ........ %s\n", (wcf_ ? "ON" : "off"));
}

std::string t_csharp_generator::normalize_name(std::string name) {
  string tmp(name);
  std::transform(tmp.begin(), tmp.end(), tmp.begin(), static_cast<int (*)(int)>(std::tolower));

  // un-conflict keywords by prefixing with "@"
  if (csharp_keywords.find(tmp) != csharp_keywords.end()) {
    return "@" + name;
  }

  // no changes necessary
  return name;
}

void t_csharp_generator::init_keywords() {
  csharp_keywords.clear();

  // C# keywords
  csharp_keywords["abstract"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["as"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["base"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["bool"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["break"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["byte"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["case"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["catch"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["char"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["checked"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["class"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["const"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["continue"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["decimal"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["default"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["delegate"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["do"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["double"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["else"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["enum"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["event"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["explicit"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["extern"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["false"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["finally"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["fixed"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["float"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["for"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["foreach"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["goto"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["if"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["implicit"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["in"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["int"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["interface"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["internal"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["is"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["lock"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["long"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["namespace"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["new"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["null"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["object"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["operator"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["out"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["override"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["params"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["private"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["protected"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["public"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["readonly"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["ref"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["return"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["sbyte"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["sealed"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["short"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["sizeof"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["stackalloc"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["static"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["string"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["struct"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["switch"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["this"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["throw"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["true"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["try"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["typeof"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["uint"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["ulong"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["unchecked"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["unsafe"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["ushort"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["using"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["virtual"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["void"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["volatile"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["while"] = 1;

  // C# contextual keywords
  csharp_keywords["add"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["alias"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["ascending"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["async"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["await"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["descending"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["dynamic"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["from"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["get"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["global"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["group"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["into"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["join"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["let"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["orderby"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["partial"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["remove"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["select"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["set"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["value"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["var"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["where"] = 1;
  csharp_keywords["yield"] = 1;
}

void t_csharp_generator::start_csharp_namespace(ofstream& out) {
  if (!namespace_name_.empty()) {
    out << "namespace " << namespace_name_ << "\n";
    scope_up(out);
  }
}

void t_csharp_generator::end_csharp_namespace(ofstream& out) {
  if (!namespace_name_.empty()) {
    scope_down(out);
  }
}

string t_csharp_generator::csharp_type_usings() {
  return string() + "using System;\n" + "using System.Collections;\n"
         + "using System.Collections.Generic;\n" + "using System.Text;\n" + "using System.IO;\n"
         + ((async_ || async_ctp_) ? "using System.Threading.Tasks;\n" : "") + "using Thrift;\n"
         + "using Thrift.Collections;\n" + ((serialize_ || wcf_) ? "#if !SILVERLIGHT\n" : "")
         + ((serialize_ || wcf_) ? "using System.Xml.Serialization;\n" : "")
         + ((serialize_ || wcf_) ? "#endif\n" : "") + (wcf_ ? "//using System.ServiceModel;\n" : "")
         + "using System.Runtime.Serialization;\n";
}

string t_csharp_generator::csharp_thrift_usings() {
  return string() + "using Thrift.Protocol;\n" + "using Thrift.Transport;\n";
}

void t_csharp_generator::close_generator() {
}
void t_csharp_generator::generate_typedef(t_typedef* ttypedef) {
  (void)ttypedef;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_enum(t_enum* tenum) {
  string f_enum_name = namespace_dir_ + "/" + (tenum->get_name()) + ".cs";
  ofstream f_enum;
  f_enum.open(f_enum_name.c_str());

  f_enum << autogen_comment() << endl;

  start_csharp_namespace(f_enum);

  generate_csharp_doc(f_enum, tenum);

  indent(f_enum) << "public enum " << tenum->get_name() << "\n";
  scope_up(f_enum);

  vector<t_enum_value*> constants = tenum->get_constants();
  vector<t_enum_value*>::iterator c_iter;
  for (c_iter = constants.begin(); c_iter != constants.end(); ++c_iter) {
    generate_csharp_doc(f_enum, *c_iter);

    int value = (*c_iter)->get_value();
    indent(f_enum) << (*c_iter)->get_name() << " = " << value << "," << endl;
  }

  scope_down(f_enum);

  end_csharp_namespace(f_enum);

  f_enum.close();
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_consts(std::vector<t_const*> consts) {
  if (consts.empty()) {
    return;
  }
  string f_consts_name = namespace_dir_ + '/' + program_name_ + ".Constants.cs";
  ofstream f_consts;
  f_consts.open(f_consts_name.c_str());

  f_consts << autogen_comment() << csharp_type_usings() << endl;

  start_csharp_namespace(f_consts);

  indent(f_consts) << "public static class " << make_valid_csharp_identifier(program_name_)
                   << "Constants" << endl;
  scope_up(f_consts);

  vector<t_const*>::iterator c_iter;
  bool need_static_constructor = false;
  for (c_iter = consts.begin(); c_iter != consts.end(); ++c_iter) {
    generate_csharp_doc(f_consts, (*c_iter));
    if (print_const_value(f_consts,
                          (*c_iter)->get_name(),
                          (*c_iter)->get_type(),
                          (*c_iter)->get_value(),
                          false)) {
      need_static_constructor = true;
    }
  }

  if (need_static_constructor) {
    print_const_constructor(f_consts, consts);
  }

  scope_down(f_consts);
  end_csharp_namespace(f_consts);
  f_consts.close();
}

void t_csharp_generator::print_const_def_value(std::ofstream& out,
                                               string name,
                                               t_type* type,
                                               t_const_value* value) {
  if (type->is_struct() || type->is_xception()) {
    const vector<t_field*>& fields = ((t_struct*)type)->get_members();
    vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;
    const map<t_const_value*, t_const_value*>& val = value->get_map();
    map<t_const_value*, t_const_value*>::const_iterator v_iter;
    prepare_member_name_mapping((t_struct*)type);
    for (v_iter = val.begin(); v_iter != val.end(); ++v_iter) {
      t_field* field = NULL;
      for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
        if ((*f_iter)->get_name() == v_iter->first->get_string()) {
          field = (*f_iter);
        }
      }
      if (field == NULL) {
        throw "type error: " + type->get_name() + " has no field " + v_iter->first->get_string();
      }
      t_type* field_type = field->get_type();
      string val = render_const_value(out, name, field_type, v_iter->second);
      indent(out) << name << "." << prop_name(field) << " = " << val << ";" << endl;
    }
    cleanup_member_name_mapping((t_struct*)type);
  } else if (type->is_map()) {
    t_type* ktype = ((t_map*)type)->get_key_type();
    t_type* vtype = ((t_map*)type)->get_val_type();
    const map<t_const_value*, t_const_value*>& val = value->get_map();
    map<t_const_value*, t_const_value*>::const_iterator v_iter;
    for (v_iter = val.begin(); v_iter != val.end(); ++v_iter) {
      string key = render_const_value(out, name, ktype, v_iter->first);
      string val = render_const_value(out, name, vtype, v_iter->second);
      indent(out) << name << "[" << key << "]"
                  << " = " << val << ";" << endl;
    }
  } else if (type->is_list() || type->is_set()) {
    t_type* etype;
    if (type->is_list()) {
      etype = ((t_list*)type)->get_elem_type();
    } else {
      etype = ((t_set*)type)->get_elem_type();
    }

    const vector<t_const_value*>& val = value->get_list();
    vector<t_const_value*>::const_iterator v_iter;
    for (v_iter = val.begin(); v_iter != val.end(); ++v_iter) {
      string val = render_const_value(out, name, etype, *v_iter);
      indent(out) << name << ".Add(" << val << ");" << endl;
    }
  }
}

void t_csharp_generator::print_const_constructor(std::ofstream& out, std::vector<t_const*> consts) {
  indent(out) << "static " << make_valid_csharp_identifier(program_name_).c_str() << "Constants()"
              << endl;
  scope_up(out);
  vector<t_const*>::iterator c_iter;
  for (c_iter = consts.begin(); c_iter != consts.end(); ++c_iter) {
    string name = (*c_iter)->get_name();
    t_type* type = (*c_iter)->get_type();
    t_const_value* value = (*c_iter)->get_value();

    print_const_def_value(out, name, type, value);
  }
  scope_down(out);
}

// it seems like all that methods that call this are using in_static to be the opposite of what it
// would imply
bool t_csharp_generator::print_const_value(std::ofstream& out,
                                           string name,
                                           t_type* type,
                                           t_const_value* value,
                                           bool in_static,
                                           bool defval,
                                           bool needtype) {
  indent(out);
  bool need_static_construction = !in_static;
  while (type->is_typedef()) {
    type = ((t_typedef*)type)->get_type();
  }

  if (!defval || needtype) {
    out << (in_static ? "" : type->is_base_type() ? "public const " : "public static ")
        << type_name(type) << " ";
  }
  if (type->is_base_type()) {
    string v2 = render_const_value(out, name, type, value);
    out << name << " = " << v2 << ";" << endl;
    need_static_construction = false;
  } else if (type->is_enum()) {
    out << name << " = " << type_name(type, false, true) << "." << value->get_identifier_name()
        << ";" << endl;
    need_static_construction = false;
  } else if (type->is_struct() || type->is_xception()) {
    out << name << " = new " << type_name(type) << "();" << endl;
  } else if (type->is_map()) {
    out << name << " = new " << type_name(type, true, true) << "();" << endl;
  } else if (type->is_list() || type->is_set()) {
    out << name << " = new " << type_name(type) << "();" << endl;
  }

  if (defval && !type->is_base_type() && !type->is_enum()) {
    print_const_def_value(out, name, type, value);
  }

  return need_static_construction;
}

std::string t_csharp_generator::render_const_value(ofstream& out,
                                                   string name,
                                                   t_type* type,
                                                   t_const_value* value) {
  (void)name;
  std::ostringstream render;

  if (type->is_base_type()) {
    t_base_type::t_base tbase = ((t_base_type*)type)->get_base();
    switch (tbase) {
    case t_base_type::TYPE_STRING:
      render << '"' << get_escaped_string(value) << '"';
      break;
    case t_base_type::TYPE_BOOL:
      render << ((value->get_integer() > 0) ? "true" : "false");
      break;
    case t_base_type::TYPE_BYTE:
    case t_base_type::TYPE_I16:
    case t_base_type::TYPE_I32:
    case t_base_type::TYPE_I64:
      render << value->get_integer();
      break;
    case t_base_type::TYPE_DOUBLE:
      if (value->get_type() == t_const_value::CV_INTEGER) {
        render << value->get_integer();
      } else {
        render << value->get_double();
      }
      break;
    default:
      throw "compiler error: no const of base type " + t_base_type::t_base_name(tbase);
    }
  } else if (type->is_enum()) {
    render << type->get_name() << "." << value->get_identifier_name();
  } else {
    string t = tmp("tmp");
    print_const_value(out, t, type, value, true, true, true);
    render << t;
  }

  return render.str();
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_struct(t_struct* tstruct) {
  if (union_ && tstruct->is_union()) {
    generate_csharp_union(tstruct);
  } else {
    generate_csharp_struct(tstruct, false);
  }
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_xception(t_struct* txception) {
  generate_csharp_struct(txception, true);
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_struct(t_struct* tstruct, bool is_exception) {
  string f_struct_name = namespace_dir_ + "/" + (tstruct->get_name()) + ".cs";
  ofstream f_struct;

  f_struct.open(f_struct_name.c_str());

  f_struct << autogen_comment() << csharp_type_usings() << csharp_thrift_usings() << endl;

  generate_csharp_struct_definition(f_struct, tstruct, is_exception);

  f_struct.close();
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_struct_definition(ofstream& out,
                                                           t_struct* tstruct,
                                                           bool is_exception,
                                                           bool in_class,
                                                           bool is_result) {

  if (!in_class) {
    start_csharp_namespace(out);
  }

  out << endl;

  generate_csharp_doc(out, tstruct);
  prepare_member_name_mapping(tstruct);

  indent(out) << "#if !SILVERLIGHT" << endl;
  indent(out) << "[Serializable]" << endl;
  indent(out) << "#endif" << endl;
  if ((serialize_ || wcf_) && !is_exception) {
    indent(out) << "[DataContract(Namespace=\"" << wcf_namespace_ << "\")]"
                << endl; // do not make exception classes directly WCF serializable, we provide a
                         // separate "fault" for that
  }
  bool is_final = (tstruct->annotations_.find("final") != tstruct->annotations_.end());

  indent(out) << "public " << (is_final ? "sealed " : "") << "partial class "
              << normalize_name(tstruct->get_name()) << " : ";

  if (is_exception) {
    out << "TException, ";
  }
  out << "TBase";

  out << endl;

  scope_up(out);

  const vector<t_field*>& members = tstruct->get_members();
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator m_iter;

  // make private members with public Properties
  for (m_iter = members.begin(); m_iter != members.end(); ++m_iter) {
    // if the field is requied, then we use auto-properties
    if (!field_is_required((*m_iter)) && (!nullable_ || field_has_default((*m_iter)))) {
      indent(out) << "private " << declare_field(*m_iter, false, "_") << endl;
    }
  }
  out << endl;

  bool has_non_required_fields = false;
  bool has_non_required_default_value_fields = false;
  bool has_required_fields = false;
  for (m_iter = members.begin(); m_iter != members.end(); ++m_iter) {
    generate_csharp_doc(out, *m_iter);
    generate_property(out, *m_iter, true, true);
    bool is_required = field_is_required((*m_iter));
    bool has_default = field_has_default((*m_iter));
    if (is_required) {
      has_required_fields = true;
    } else {
      if (has_default) {
        has_non_required_default_value_fields = true;
      }
      has_non_required_fields = true;
    }
  }

  bool generate_isset = (nullable_ && has_non_required_default_value_fields)
                        || (!nullable_ && has_non_required_fields);
  if (generate_isset) {
    out << endl;
    if (serialize_ || wcf_) {
      out << indent() << "[XmlIgnore] // XmlSerializer" << endl << indent()
          << "[DataMember(Order = 1)]  // XmlObjectSerializer, DataContractJsonSerializer, etc."
          << endl;
    }
    out << indent() << "public Isset __isset;" << endl << indent() << "#if !SILVERLIGHT" << endl
        << indent() << "[Serializable]" << endl << indent() << "#endif" << endl;
    if (serialize_ || wcf_) {
      indent(out) << "[DataContract]" << endl;
    }
    indent(out) << "public struct Isset {" << endl;
    indent_up();
    for (m_iter = members.begin(); m_iter != members.end(); ++m_iter) {
      bool is_required = field_is_required((*m_iter));
      bool has_default = field_has_default((*m_iter));
      // if it is required, don't need Isset for that variable
      // if it is not required, if it has a default value, we need to generate Isset
      // if we are not nullable, then we generate Isset
      if (!is_required && (!nullable_ || has_default)) {
        if (serialize_ || wcf_) {
          indent(out) << "[DataMember]" << endl;
        }
        indent(out) << "public bool " << normalize_name((*m_iter)->get_name()) << ";" << endl;
      }
    }

    indent_down();
    indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;

    if (generate_isset && (serialize_ || wcf_)) {
      indent(out) << "#region XmlSerializer support" << endl << endl;

      for (m_iter = members.begin(); m_iter != members.end(); ++m_iter) {
        bool is_required = field_is_required((*m_iter));
        bool has_default = field_has_default((*m_iter));
        // if it is required, don't need Isset for that variable
        // if it is not required, if it has a default value, we need to generate Isset
        // if we are not nullable, then we generate Isset
        if (!is_required && (!nullable_ || has_default)) {
          indent(out) << "public bool ShouldSerialize" << prop_name((*m_iter)) << "()" << endl;
          indent(out) << "{" << endl;
          indent_up();
          indent(out) << "return __isset." << normalize_name((*m_iter)->get_name()) << ";" << endl;
          indent_down();
          indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;
        }
      }

      indent(out) << "#endregion XmlSerializer support" << endl << endl;
    }
  }

  // We always want a default, no argument constructor for Reading
  indent(out) << "public " << normalize_name(tstruct->get_name()) << "() {" << endl;
  indent_up();

  for (m_iter = members.begin(); m_iter != members.end(); ++m_iter) {
    t_type* t = (*m_iter)->get_type();
    while (t->is_typedef()) {
      t = ((t_typedef*)t)->get_type();
    }
    if ((*m_iter)->get_value() != NULL) {
      if (field_is_required((*m_iter))) {
        print_const_value(out, "this." + prop_name(*m_iter), t, (*m_iter)->get_value(), true, true);
      } else {
        print_const_value(out,
                          "this._" + (*m_iter)->get_name(),
                          t,
                          (*m_iter)->get_value(),
                          true,
                          true);
        // Optionals with defaults are marked set
        indent(out) << "this.__isset." << normalize_name((*m_iter)->get_name()) << " = true;"
                    << endl;
      }
    }
  }
  indent_down();
  indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;

  if (has_required_fields) {
    indent(out) << "public " << tstruct->get_name() << "(";
    bool first = true;
    for (m_iter = members.begin(); m_iter != members.end(); ++m_iter) {
      if (field_is_required((*m_iter))) {
        if (first) {
          first = false;
        } else {
          out << ", ";
        }
        out << type_name((*m_iter)->get_type()) << " " << (*m_iter)->get_name();
      }
    }
    out << ") : this() {" << endl;
    indent_up();

    for (m_iter = members.begin(); m_iter != members.end(); ++m_iter) {
      if (field_is_required((*m_iter))) {
        indent(out) << "this." << prop_name((*m_iter)) << " = " << (*m_iter)->get_name() << ";"
                    << endl;
      }
    }

    indent_down();
    indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;
  }

  generate_csharp_struct_reader(out, tstruct);
  if (is_result) {
    generate_csharp_struct_result_writer(out, tstruct);
  } else {
    generate_csharp_struct_writer(out, tstruct);
  }
  if (hashcode_) {
    generate_csharp_struct_equals(out, tstruct);
    generate_csharp_struct_hashcode(out, tstruct);
  }
  generate_csharp_struct_tostring(out, tstruct);
  scope_down(out);
  out << endl;

  // generate a corresponding WCF fault to wrap the exception
  if ((serialize_ || wcf_) && is_exception) {
    generate_csharp_wcffault(out, tstruct);
  }

  cleanup_member_name_mapping(tstruct);
  if (!in_class) {
    end_csharp_namespace(out);
  }
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_wcffault(ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct) {
  out << endl;
  indent(out) << "#if !SILVERLIGHT" << endl;
  indent(out) << "[Serializable]" << endl;
  indent(out) << "#endif" << endl;
  indent(out) << "[DataContract]" << endl;
  bool is_final = (tstruct->annotations_.find("final") != tstruct->annotations_.end());

  indent(out) << "public " << (is_final ? "sealed " : "") << "partial class " << tstruct->get_name()
              << "Fault" << endl;

  scope_up(out);

  const vector<t_field*>& members = tstruct->get_members();
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator m_iter;

  // make private members with public Properties
  for (m_iter = members.begin(); m_iter != members.end(); ++m_iter) {
    indent(out) << "private " << declare_field(*m_iter, false, "_") << endl;
  }
  out << endl;

  for (m_iter = members.begin(); m_iter != members.end(); ++m_iter) {
    generate_property(out, *m_iter, true, false);
  }

  scope_down(out);
  out << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_struct_reader(ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct) {
  indent(out) << "public void Read (TProtocol iprot)" << endl;
  scope_up(out);

  const vector<t_field*>& fields = tstruct->get_members();
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;

  // Required variables aren't in __isset, so we need tmp vars to check them
  for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
    if (field_is_required((*f_iter))) {
      indent(out) << "bool isset_" << (*f_iter)->get_name() << " = false;" << endl;
    }
  }

  indent(out) << "TField field;" << endl << indent() << "iprot.ReadStructBegin();" << endl;

  indent(out) << "while (true)" << endl;
  scope_up(out);

  indent(out) << "field = iprot.ReadFieldBegin();" << endl;

  indent(out) << "if (field.Type == TType.Stop) { " << endl;
  indent_up();
  indent(out) << "break;" << endl;
  indent_down();
  indent(out) << "}" << endl;

  indent(out) << "switch (field.ID)" << endl;

  scope_up(out);

  for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
    bool is_required = field_is_required((*f_iter));
    indent(out) << "case " << (*f_iter)->get_key() << ":" << endl;
    indent_up();
    indent(out) << "if (field.Type == " << type_to_enum((*f_iter)->get_type()) << ") {" << endl;
    indent_up();

    generate_deserialize_field(out, *f_iter);
    if (is_required) {
      indent(out) << "isset_" << (*f_iter)->get_name() << " = true;" << endl;
    }

    indent_down();
    out << indent() << "} else { " << endl << indent() << "  TProtocolUtil.Skip(iprot, field.Type);"
        << endl << indent() << "}" << endl << indent() << "break;" << endl;
    indent_down();
  }

  indent(out) << "default: " << endl;
  indent_up();
  indent(out) << "TProtocolUtil.Skip(iprot, field.Type);" << endl;
  indent(out) << "break;" << endl;
  indent_down();

  scope_down(out);

  indent(out) << "iprot.ReadFieldEnd();" << endl;

  scope_down(out);

  indent(out) << "iprot.ReadStructEnd();" << endl;

  for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
    if (field_is_required((*f_iter))) {
      indent(out) << "if (!isset_" << (*f_iter)->get_name() << ")" << endl;
      indent_up();
      indent(out) << "throw new TProtocolException(TProtocolException.INVALID_DATA);" << endl;
      indent_down();
    }
  }

  indent_down();

  indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_struct_writer(ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct) {
  out << indent() << "public void Write(TProtocol oprot) {" << endl;
  indent_up();

  string name = tstruct->get_name();
  const vector<t_field*>& fields = tstruct->get_sorted_members();
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;

  indent(out) << "TStruct struc = new TStruct(\"" << name << "\");" << endl;
  indent(out) << "oprot.WriteStructBegin(struc);" << endl;

  if (fields.size() > 0) {
    indent(out) << "TField field = new TField();" << endl;
    for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
      bool is_required = field_is_required((*f_iter));
      bool has_default = field_has_default((*f_iter));
      if (nullable_ && !has_default && !is_required) {
        indent(out) << "if (" << prop_name((*f_iter)) << " != null) {" << endl;
        indent_up();
      } else if (!is_required) {
        bool null_allowed = type_can_be_null((*f_iter)->get_type());
        if (null_allowed) {
          indent(out) << "if (" << prop_name((*f_iter)) << " != null && __isset."
                      << normalize_name((*f_iter)->get_name()) << ") {" << endl;
          indent_up();
        } else {
          indent(out) << "if (__isset." << normalize_name((*f_iter)->get_name()) << ") {" << endl;
          indent_up();
        }
      }
      indent(out) << "field.Name = \"" << (*f_iter)->get_name() << "\";" << endl;
      indent(out) << "field.Type = " << type_to_enum((*f_iter)->get_type()) << ";" << endl;
      indent(out) << "field.ID = " << (*f_iter)->get_key() << ";" << endl;
      indent(out) << "oprot.WriteFieldBegin(field);" << endl;

      generate_serialize_field(out, *f_iter);

      indent(out) << "oprot.WriteFieldEnd();" << endl;
      if (!is_required) {
        indent_down();
        indent(out) << "}" << endl;
      }
    }
  }

  indent(out) << "oprot.WriteFieldStop();" << endl;
  indent(out) << "oprot.WriteStructEnd();" << endl;

  indent_down();

  indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_struct_result_writer(ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct) {
  indent(out) << "public void Write(TProtocol oprot) {" << endl;
  indent_up();

  string name = tstruct->get_name();
  const vector<t_field*>& fields = tstruct->get_sorted_members();
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;

  indent(out) << "TStruct struc = new TStruct(\"" << name << "\");" << endl;
  indent(out) << "oprot.WriteStructBegin(struc);" << endl;

  if (fields.size() > 0) {
    indent(out) << "TField field = new TField();" << endl;
    bool first = true;
    for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
      if (first) {
        first = false;
        out << endl << indent() << "if ";
      } else {
        out << " else if ";
      }

      if (nullable_) {
        out << "(this." << prop_name((*f_iter)) << " != null) {" << endl;
      } else {
        out << "(this.__isset." << normalize_name((*f_iter)->get_name()) << ") {" << endl;
      }
      indent_up();

      bool null_allowed = !nullable_ && type_can_be_null((*f_iter)->get_type());
      if (null_allowed) {
        indent(out) << "if (" << prop_name(*f_iter) << " != null) {" << endl;
        indent_up();
      }

      indent(out) << "field.Name = \"" << prop_name(*f_iter) << "\";" << endl;
      indent(out) << "field.Type = " << type_to_enum((*f_iter)->get_type()) << ";" << endl;
      indent(out) << "field.ID = " << (*f_iter)->get_key() << ";" << endl;
      indent(out) << "oprot.WriteFieldBegin(field);" << endl;

      generate_serialize_field(out, *f_iter);

      indent(out) << "oprot.WriteFieldEnd();" << endl;

      if (null_allowed) {
        indent_down();
        indent(out) << "}" << endl;
      }

      indent_down();
      indent(out) << "}";
    }
  }

  out << endl << indent() << "oprot.WriteFieldStop();" << endl << indent()
      << "oprot.WriteStructEnd();" << endl;

  indent_down();

  indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_struct_tostring(ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct) {
  indent(out) << "public override string ToString() {" << endl;
  indent_up();

  indent(out) << "StringBuilder __sb = new StringBuilder(\"" << tstruct->get_name() << "(\");"
              << endl;

  const vector<t_field*>& fields = tstruct->get_members();
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;

  bool useFirstFlag = false;
  for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
    if (!field_is_required((*f_iter))) {
      indent(out) << "bool __first = true;" << endl;
      useFirstFlag = true;
    }
    break;
  }

  bool had_required = false; // set to true after first required field has been processed

  for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
    bool is_required = field_is_required((*f_iter));
    bool has_default = field_has_default((*f_iter));
    if (nullable_ && !has_default && !is_required) {
      indent(out) << "if (" << prop_name((*f_iter)) << " != null) {" << endl;
      indent_up();
    } else if (!is_required) {
      bool null_allowed = type_can_be_null((*f_iter)->get_type());
      if (null_allowed) {
        indent(out) << "if (" << prop_name((*f_iter)) << " != null && __isset."
                    << normalize_name((*f_iter)->get_name()) << ") {" << endl;
        indent_up();
      } else {
        indent(out) << "if (__isset." << normalize_name((*f_iter)->get_name()) << ") {" << endl;
        indent_up();
      }
    }

    if (useFirstFlag && (!had_required)) {
      indent(out) << "if(!__first) { __sb.Append(\", \"); }" << endl;
      if (!is_required) {
        indent(out) << "__first = false;" << endl;
      }
      indent(out) << "__sb.Append(\"" << prop_name((*f_iter)) << ": \");" << endl;
    } else {
      indent(out) << "__sb.Append(\", " << prop_name((*f_iter)) << ": \");" << endl;
    }

    t_type* ttype = (*f_iter)->get_type();
    if (ttype->is_xception() || ttype->is_struct()) {
      indent(out) << "__sb.Append(" << prop_name((*f_iter))
                  << "== null ? \"<null>\" : " << prop_name((*f_iter)) << ".ToString());" << endl;
    } else {
      indent(out) << "__sb.Append(" << prop_name((*f_iter)) << ");" << endl;
    }

    if (!is_required) {
      indent_down();
      indent(out) << "}" << endl;
    } else {
      had_required = true; // now __first must be false, so we don't need to check it anymore
    }
  }

  indent(out) << "__sb.Append(\")\");" << endl;
  indent(out) << "return __sb.ToString();" << endl;

  indent_down();
  indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_union(t_struct* tunion) {
  string f_union_name = namespace_dir_ + "/" + (tunion->get_name()) + ".cs";
  ofstream f_union;

  f_union.open(f_union_name.c_str());

  f_union << autogen_comment() << csharp_type_usings() << csharp_thrift_usings() << endl;

  generate_csharp_union_definition(f_union, tunion);

  f_union.close();
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_union_definition(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tunion) {
  // Let's define the class first
  start_csharp_namespace(out);

  indent(out) << "public abstract partial class " << tunion->get_name() << " : TAbstractBase {"
              << endl;

  indent_up();

  indent(out) << "public abstract void Write(TProtocol protocol);" << endl;
  indent(out) << "public readonly bool Isset;" << endl;
  indent(out) << "public abstract object Data { get; }" << endl;

  indent(out) << "protected " << tunion->get_name() << "(bool isset) {" << endl;
  indent_up();
  indent(out) << "Isset = isset;" << endl;
  indent_down();
  indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;

  indent(out) << "public class ___undefined : " << tunion->get_name() << " {" << endl;
  indent_up();

  indent(out) << "public override object Data { get { return null; } }" << endl;

  indent(out) << "public ___undefined() : base(false) {}" << endl << endl;

  indent(out) << "public override void Write(TProtocol protocol) {" << endl;
  indent_up();
  indent(out) << "throw new TProtocolException( TProtocolException.INVALID_DATA, \"Cannot persist "
                 "an union type which is not set.\");" << endl;
  indent_down();
  indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;

  indent_down();
  indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;

  const vector<t_field*>& fields = tunion->get_members();
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;

  for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
    generate_csharp_union_class(out, tunion, (*f_iter));
  }

  generate_csharp_union_reader(out, tunion);

  indent_down();
  indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;

  end_csharp_namespace(out);
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_union_class(std::ofstream& out,
                                                     t_struct* tunion,
                                                     t_field* tfield) {
  indent(out) << "public class " << tfield->get_name() << " : " << tunion->get_name() << " {"
              << endl;
  indent_up();
  indent(out) << "private " << type_name(tfield->get_type()) << " _data;" << endl;
  indent(out) << "public override object Data { get { return _data; } }" << endl;
  indent(out) << "public " << tfield->get_name() << "(" << type_name(tfield->get_type())
              << " data) : base(true) {" << endl;
  indent_up();
  indent(out) << "this._data = data;" << endl;
  indent_down();
  indent(out) << "}" << endl;
  indent(out) << "public override void Write(TProtocol oprot) {" << endl;
  indent_up();
  indent(out) << "TStruct struc = new TStruct(\"" << tunion->get_name() << "\");" << endl;
  indent(out) << "oprot.WriteStructBegin(struc);" << endl;

  indent(out) << "TField field = new TField();" << endl;
  indent(out) << "field.Name = \"" << tfield->get_name() << "\";" << endl;
  indent(out) << "field.Type = " << type_to_enum(tfield->get_type()) << ";" << endl;
  indent(out) << "field.ID = " << tfield->get_key() << ";" << endl;
  indent(out) << "oprot.WriteFieldBegin(field);" << endl;

  generate_serialize_field(out, tfield, "_data", true, true);

  indent(out) << "oprot.WriteFieldEnd();" << endl;
  indent(out) << "oprot.WriteFieldStop();" << endl;
  indent(out) << "oprot.WriteStructEnd();" << endl;
  indent_down();
  indent(out) << "}" << endl;

  indent_down();
  indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_struct_equals(ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct) {
  indent(out) << "public override bool Equals(object that) {" << endl;
  indent_up();

  indent(out) << "var other = that as " << type_name(tstruct) << ";" << endl;
  indent(out) << "if (other == null) return false;" << endl;
  indent(out) << "if (ReferenceEquals(this, other)) return true;" << endl;

  const vector<t_field*>& fields = tstruct->get_members();
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;

  bool first = true;

  for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
    if (first) {
      first = false;
      indent(out) << "return ";
      indent_up();
    } else {
      out << endl;
      indent(out) << "&& ";
    }
    if (!field_is_required((*f_iter)) && !(nullable_ && !field_has_default((*f_iter)))) {
      out << "((__isset." << normalize_name((*f_iter)->get_name()) << " == other.__isset."
          << normalize_name((*f_iter)->get_name()) << ") && ((!__isset."
          << normalize_name((*f_iter)->get_name()) << ") || (";
    }
    t_type* ttype = (*f_iter)->get_type();
    if (ttype->is_container()) {
      out << "TCollections.Equals(";
    } else {
      out << "System.Object.Equals(";
    }
    out << prop_name((*f_iter)) << ", other." << prop_name((*f_iter)) << ")";
    if (!field_is_required((*f_iter)) && !(nullable_ && !field_has_default((*f_iter)))) {
      out << ")))";
    }
  }
  if (first) {
    indent(out) << "return true;" << endl;
  } else {
    out << ";" << endl;
    indent_down();
  }

  indent_down();
  indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_struct_hashcode(ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct) {
  indent(out) << "public override int GetHashCode() {" << endl;
  indent_up();

  indent(out) << "int hashcode = 0;" << endl;
  indent(out) << "unchecked {" << endl;
  indent_up();

  const vector<t_field*>& fields = tstruct->get_members();
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;

  for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
    t_type* ttype = (*f_iter)->get_type();
    indent(out) << "hashcode = (hashcode * 397) ^ ";
    if (field_is_required((*f_iter))) {
      out << "(";
    } else if (nullable_) {
      out << "(" << prop_name((*f_iter)) << " == null ? 0 : ";
    } else {
      out << "(!__isset." << normalize_name((*f_iter)->get_name()) << " ? 0 : ";
    }
    if (ttype->is_container()) {
      out << "(TCollections.GetHashCode(" << prop_name((*f_iter)) << "))";
    } else {
      out << "(" << prop_name((*f_iter)) << ".GetHashCode())";
    }
    out << ");" << endl;
  }

  indent_down();
  indent(out) << "}" << endl;
  indent(out) << "return hashcode;" << endl;

  indent_down();
  indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_service(t_service* tservice) {
  string f_service_name = namespace_dir_ + "/" + service_name_ + ".cs";
  f_service_.open(f_service_name.c_str());

  f_service_ << autogen_comment() << csharp_type_usings() << csharp_thrift_usings() << endl;

  start_csharp_namespace(f_service_);

  indent(f_service_) << "public partial class " << normalize_name(service_name_) << " {" << endl;
  indent_up();

  generate_service_interface(tservice);
  generate_service_client(tservice);
  generate_service_server(tservice);
  generate_service_helpers(tservice);

  indent_down();

  indent(f_service_) << "}" << endl;
  end_csharp_namespace(f_service_);
  f_service_.close();
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_service_interface(t_service* tservice) {
  string extends = "";
  string extends_iface = "";
  if (tservice->get_extends() != NULL) {
    extends = type_name(tservice->get_extends());
    extends_iface = " : " + extends + ".Iface";
  }

  generate_csharp_doc(f_service_, tservice);

  if (wcf_) {
    indent(f_service_) << "[ServiceContract(Namespace=\"" << wcf_namespace_ << "\")]" << endl;
  }
  indent(f_service_) << "public interface Iface" << extends_iface << " {" << endl;

  indent_up();
  vector<t_function*> functions = tservice->get_functions();
  vector<t_function*>::iterator f_iter;
  for (f_iter = functions.begin(); f_iter != functions.end(); ++f_iter) {
    generate_csharp_doc(f_service_, *f_iter);

    // if we're using WCF, add the corresponding attributes
    if (wcf_) {
      indent(f_service_) << "[OperationContract]" << endl;

      const std::vector<t_field*>& xceptions = (*f_iter)->get_xceptions()->get_members();
      vector<t_field*>::const_iterator x_iter;
      for (x_iter = xceptions.begin(); x_iter != xceptions.end(); ++x_iter) {
        indent(f_service_) << "[FaultContract(typeof("
                              + type_name((*x_iter)->get_type(), false, false) + "Fault))]" << endl;
      }
    }

    indent(f_service_) << function_signature(*f_iter) << ";" << endl;
    if (!async_) {
      indent(f_service_) << "#if SILVERLIGHT" << endl;
    }
    indent(f_service_) << function_signature_async_begin(*f_iter, "Begin_") << ";" << endl;
    indent(f_service_) << function_signature_async_end(*f_iter, "End_") << ";" << endl;
    if (async_ || async_ctp_) {
      indent(f_service_) << function_signature_async(*f_iter) << ";" << endl;
    }
    if (!async_) {
      indent(f_service_) << "#endif" << endl;
    }
  }
  indent_down();
  f_service_ << indent() << "}" << endl << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_service_helpers(t_service* tservice) {
  vector<t_function*> functions = tservice->get_functions();
  vector<t_function*>::iterator f_iter;

  for (f_iter = functions.begin(); f_iter != functions.end(); ++f_iter) {
    t_struct* ts = (*f_iter)->get_arglist();
    generate_csharp_struct_definition(f_service_, ts, false, true);
    generate_function_helpers(*f_iter);
  }
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_service_client(t_service* tservice) {
  string extends = "";
  string extends_client = "";
  if (tservice->get_extends() != NULL) {
    extends = type_name(tservice->get_extends());
    extends_client = extends + ".Client, ";
  } else {
    extends_client = "IDisposable, ";
  }

  generate_csharp_doc(f_service_, tservice);

  indent(f_service_) << "public class Client : " << extends_client << "Iface {" << endl;
  indent_up();
  indent(f_service_) << "public Client(TProtocol prot) : this(prot, prot)" << endl;
  scope_up(f_service_);
  scope_down(f_service_);
  f_service_ << endl;

  indent(f_service_) << "public Client(TProtocol iprot, TProtocol oprot)";
  if (!extends.empty()) {
    f_service_ << " : base(iprot, oprot)";
  }
  f_service_ << endl;

  scope_up(f_service_);
  if (extends.empty()) {
    f_service_ << indent() << "iprot_ = iprot;" << endl << indent() << "oprot_ = oprot;" << endl;
  }
  scope_down(f_service_);

  f_service_ << endl;

  if (extends.empty()) {
    f_service_ << indent() << "protected TProtocol iprot_;" << endl << indent()
               << "protected TProtocol oprot_;" << endl << indent() << "protected int seqid_;"
               << endl << endl;

    f_service_ << indent() << "public TProtocol InputProtocol" << endl;
    scope_up(f_service_);
    indent(f_service_) << "get { return iprot_; }" << endl;
    scope_down(f_service_);

    f_service_ << indent() << "public TProtocol OutputProtocol" << endl;
    scope_up(f_service_);
    indent(f_service_) << "get { return oprot_; }" << endl;
    scope_down(f_service_);
    f_service_ << endl << endl;

    indent(f_service_) << "#region \" IDisposable Support \"" << endl;
    indent(f_service_) << "private bool _IsDisposed;" << endl << endl;
    indent(f_service_) << "// IDisposable" << endl;
    indent(f_service_) << "public void Dispose()" << endl;
    scope_up(f_service_);
    indent(f_service_) << "Dispose(true);" << endl;
    scope_down(f_service_);
    indent(f_service_) << endl << endl;
    indent(f_service_) << "protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)" << endl;
    scope_up(f_service_);
    indent(f_service_) << "if (!_IsDisposed)" << endl;
    scope_up(f_service_);
    indent(f_service_) << "if (disposing)" << endl;
    scope_up(f_service_);
    indent(f_service_) << "if (iprot_ != null)" << endl;
    scope_up(f_service_);
    indent(f_service_) << "((IDisposable)iprot_).Dispose();" << endl;
    scope_down(f_service_);
    indent(f_service_) << "if (oprot_ != null)" << endl;
    scope_up(f_service_);
    indent(f_service_) << "((IDisposable)oprot_).Dispose();" << endl;
    scope_down(f_service_);
    scope_down(f_service_);
    scope_down(f_service_);
    indent(f_service_) << "_IsDisposed = true;" << endl;
    scope_down(f_service_);
    indent(f_service_) << "#endregion" << endl;
    f_service_ << endl << endl;
  }

  vector<t_function*> functions = tservice->get_functions();
  vector<t_function*>::const_iterator f_iter;
  for (f_iter = functions.begin(); f_iter != functions.end(); ++f_iter) {
    string funname = (*f_iter)->get_name();

    indent(f_service_) << endl;

    if (!async_) {
      indent(f_service_) << "#if SILVERLIGHT" << endl;
    }
    // Begin_
    indent(f_service_) << "public " << function_signature_async_begin(*f_iter, "Begin_") << endl;
    scope_up(f_service_);
    indent(f_service_) << "return "
                       << "send_" << funname << "(callback, state";

    t_struct* arg_struct = (*f_iter)->get_arglist();
    prepare_member_name_mapping(arg_struct);

    const vector<t_field*>& fields = arg_struct->get_members();
    vector<t_field*>::const_iterator fld_iter;
    for (fld_iter = fields.begin(); fld_iter != fields.end(); ++fld_iter) {
      f_service_ << ", ";
      f_service_ << normalize_name((*fld_iter)->get_name());
    }
    f_service_ << ");" << endl;
    scope_down(f_service_);
    f_service_ << endl;

    // End
    indent(f_service_) << "public " << function_signature_async_end(*f_iter, "End_") << endl;
    scope_up(f_service_);
    indent(f_service_) << "oprot_.Transport.EndFlush(asyncResult);" << endl;
    if (!(*f_iter)->is_oneway()) {
      f_service_ << indent();
      if (!(*f_iter)->get_returntype()->is_void()) {
        f_service_ << "return ";
      }
      f_service_ << "recv_" << funname << "();" << endl;
    }
    scope_down(f_service_);
    f_service_ << endl;

    // async
    bool first;
    if (async_ || async_ctp_) {
      indent(f_service_) << "public async " << function_signature_async(*f_iter, "") << endl;
      scope_up(f_service_);

      if (!(*f_iter)->get_returntype()->is_void()) {
        indent(f_service_) << type_name((*f_iter)->get_returntype()) << " retval;" << endl;
        indent(f_service_) << "retval = ";
      } else {
        indent(f_service_);
      }
      if (async_) {
        f_service_ << "await Task.Run(() =>" << endl;
      } else {
        f_service_ << "await TaskEx.Run(() =>" << endl;
      }
      scope_up(f_service_);
      indent(f_service_);
      if (!(*f_iter)->get_returntype()->is_void()) {
        f_service_ << "return ";
      }
      f_service_ << funname << "(";
      first = true;
      for (fld_iter = fields.begin(); fld_iter != fields.end(); ++fld_iter) {
        if (first) {
          first = false;
        } else {
          f_service_ << ", ";
        }
        f_service_ << (*fld_iter)->get_name();
      }
      f_service_ << ");" << endl;
      indent_down();
      indent(f_service_) << "});" << endl;
      if (!(*f_iter)->get_returntype()->is_void()) {
        indent(f_service_) << "return retval;" << endl;
      }
      scope_down(f_service_);
      f_service_ << endl;
    }

    if (!async_) {
      indent(f_service_) << "#endif" << endl << endl;
    }

    // "Normal" Synchronous invoke
    generate_csharp_doc(f_service_, *f_iter);
    indent(f_service_) << "public " << function_signature(*f_iter) << endl;
    scope_up(f_service_);

    if (!async_) {
      indent(f_service_) << "#if !SILVERLIGHT" << endl;
      indent(f_service_) << "send_" << funname << "(";

      first = true;
      for (fld_iter = fields.begin(); fld_iter != fields.end(); ++fld_iter) {
        if (first) {
          first = false;
        } else {
          f_service_ << ", ";
        }
        f_service_ << normalize_name((*fld_iter)->get_name());
      }
      f_service_ << ");" << endl;

      if (!(*f_iter)->is_oneway()) {
        f_service_ << indent();
        if (!(*f_iter)->get_returntype()->is_void()) {
          f_service_ << "return ";
        }
        f_service_ << "recv_" << funname << "();" << endl;
      }
      f_service_ << endl;

      indent(f_service_) << "#else" << endl;
    }

    // Silverlight synchronous invoke
    indent(f_service_) << "var asyncResult = Begin_" << funname << "(null, null";
    for (fld_iter = fields.begin(); fld_iter != fields.end(); ++fld_iter) {
      f_service_ << ", " << normalize_name((*fld_iter)->get_name());
    }
    f_service_ << ");" << endl;

    if (!(*f_iter)->is_oneway()) {
      f_service_ << indent();
      if (!(*f_iter)->get_returntype()->is_void()) {
        f_service_ << "return ";
      }
      f_service_ << "End_" << funname << "(asyncResult);" << endl;
    }
    f_service_ << endl;

    if (!async_) {
      indent(f_service_) << "#endif" << endl;
    }
    scope_down(f_service_);

    // Send
    t_function send_function(g_type_void,
                             string("send_") + (*f_iter)->get_name(),
                             (*f_iter)->get_arglist());

    string argsname = (*f_iter)->get_name() + "_args";

    if (!async_) {
      indent(f_service_) << "#if SILVERLIGHT" << endl;
    }
    indent(f_service_) << "public " << function_signature_async_begin(&send_function) << endl;
    if (!async_) {
      indent(f_service_) << "#else" << endl;
      indent(f_service_) << "public " << function_signature(&send_function) << endl;
      indent(f_service_) << "#endif" << endl;
    }
    scope_up(f_service_);

    f_service_ << indent() << "oprot_.WriteMessageBegin(new TMessage(\"" << funname << "\", "
               << ((*f_iter)->is_oneway() ? "TMessageType.Oneway" : "TMessageType.Call")
               << ", seqid_));" << endl << indent() << argsname << " args = new " << argsname
               << "();" << endl;

    for (fld_iter = fields.begin(); fld_iter != fields.end(); ++fld_iter) {
      f_service_ << indent() << "args." << prop_name(*fld_iter) << " = "
                 << normalize_name((*fld_iter)->get_name()) << ";" << endl;
    }

    f_service_ << indent() << "args.Write(oprot_);" << endl << indent()
               << "oprot_.WriteMessageEnd();" << endl;
    ;

    if (!async_) {
      indent(f_service_) << "#if SILVERLIGHT" << endl;
    }
    indent(f_service_) << "return oprot_.Transport.BeginFlush(callback, state);" << endl;
    if (!async_) {
      indent(f_service_) << "#else" << endl;
      indent(f_service_) << "oprot_.Transport.Flush();" << endl;
      indent(f_service_) << "#endif" << endl;
    }

    cleanup_member_name_mapping(arg_struct);
    scope_down(f_service_);
    f_service_ << endl;

    if (!(*f_iter)->is_oneway()) {
      string resultname = (*f_iter)->get_name() + "_result";

      t_struct noargs(program_);
      t_function recv_function((*f_iter)->get_returntype(),
                               string("recv_") + (*f_iter)->get_name(),
                               &noargs,
                               (*f_iter)->get_xceptions());
      indent(f_service_) << "public " << function_signature(&recv_function) << endl;
      scope_up(f_service_);
      prepare_member_name_mapping((*f_iter)->get_xceptions());

      f_service_ << indent() << "TMessage msg = iprot_.ReadMessageBegin();" << endl << indent()
                 << "if (msg.Type == TMessageType.Exception) {" << endl;
      indent_up();
      f_service_ << indent() << "TApplicationException x = TApplicationException.Read(iprot_);"
                 << endl << indent() << "iprot_.ReadMessageEnd();" << endl << indent() << "throw x;"
                 << endl;
      indent_down();
      f_service_ << indent() << "}" << endl << indent() << resultname << " result = new "
                 << resultname << "();" << endl << indent() << "result.Read(iprot_);" << endl
                 << indent() << "iprot_.ReadMessageEnd();" << endl;

      if (!(*f_iter)->get_returntype()->is_void()) {
        if (nullable_) {
          if (type_can_be_null((*f_iter)->get_returntype())) {
            f_service_ << indent() << "if (result.Success != null) {" << endl << indent()
                       << "  return result.Success;" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl;
          } else {
            f_service_ << indent() << "if (result.Success.HasValue) {" << endl << indent()
                       << "  return result.Success.Value;" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl;
          }
        } else {
          f_service_ << indent() << "if (result.__isset.success) {" << endl << indent()
                     << "  return result.Success;" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl;
        }
      }

      t_struct* xs = (*f_iter)->get_xceptions();

      const std::vector<t_field*>& xceptions = xs->get_members();
      vector<t_field*>::const_iterator x_iter;
      for (x_iter = xceptions.begin(); x_iter != xceptions.end(); ++x_iter) {
        if (nullable_) {
          f_service_ << indent() << "if (result." << prop_name(*x_iter) << " != null) {" << endl
                     << indent() << "  throw result." << prop_name(*x_iter) << ";" << endl
                     << indent() << "}" << endl;
        } else {
          f_service_ << indent() << "if (result.__isset." << normalize_name((*x_iter)->get_name())
                     << ") {" << endl << indent() << "  throw result." << prop_name(*x_iter) << ";"
                     << endl << indent() << "}" << endl;
        }
      }

      if ((*f_iter)->get_returntype()->is_void()) {
        indent(f_service_) << "return;" << endl;
      } else {
        f_service_ << indent()
                   << "throw new "
                      "TApplicationException(TApplicationException.ExceptionType.MissingResult, \""
                   << (*f_iter)->get_name() << " failed: unknown result\");" << endl;
      }

      cleanup_member_name_mapping((*f_iter)->get_xceptions());
      scope_down(f_service_);
      f_service_ << endl;
    }
  }

  indent_down();
  indent(f_service_) << "}" << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_service_server(t_service* tservice) {
  vector<t_function*> functions = tservice->get_functions();
  vector<t_function*>::iterator f_iter;

  string extends = "";
  string extends_processor = "";
  if (tservice->get_extends() != NULL) {
    extends = type_name(tservice->get_extends());
    extends_processor = extends + ".Processor, ";
  }

  indent(f_service_) << "public class Processor : " << extends_processor << "TProcessor {" << endl;
  indent_up();

  indent(f_service_) << "public Processor(Iface iface)";
  if (!extends.empty()) {
    f_service_ << " : base(iface)";
  }
  f_service_ << endl;
  scope_up(f_service_);
  f_service_ << indent() << "iface_ = iface;" << endl;

  for (f_iter = functions.begin(); f_iter != functions.end(); ++f_iter) {
    f_service_ << indent() << "processMap_[\"" << (*f_iter)->get_name()
               << "\"] = " << (*f_iter)->get_name() << "_Process;" << endl;
  }

  scope_down(f_service_);
  f_service_ << endl;

  if (extends.empty()) {
    f_service_
        << indent()
        << "protected delegate void ProcessFunction(int seqid, TProtocol iprot, TProtocol oprot);"
        << endl;
  }

  f_service_ << indent() << "private Iface iface_;" << endl;

  if (extends.empty()) {
    f_service_ << indent() << "protected Dictionary<string, ProcessFunction> processMap_ = new "
                              "Dictionary<string, ProcessFunction>();" << endl;
  }

  f_service_ << endl;

  if (extends.empty()) {
    indent(f_service_) << "public bool Process(TProtocol iprot, TProtocol oprot)" << endl;
  } else {
    indent(f_service_) << "public new bool Process(TProtocol iprot, TProtocol oprot)" << endl;
  }
  scope_up(f_service_);

  f_service_ << indent() << "try" << endl;
  scope_up(f_service_);

  f_service_ << indent() << "TMessage msg = iprot.ReadMessageBegin();" << endl;

  f_service_
      << indent() << "ProcessFunction fn;" << endl << indent()
      << "processMap_.TryGetValue(msg.Name, out fn);" << endl << indent() << "if (fn == null) {"
      << endl << indent() << "  TProtocolUtil.Skip(iprot, TType.Struct);" << endl << indent()
      << "  iprot.ReadMessageEnd();" << endl << indent()
      << "  TApplicationException x = new TApplicationException "
         "(TApplicationException.ExceptionType.UnknownMethod, \"Invalid method name: '\" + "
         "msg.Name + \"'\");" << endl << indent()
      << "  oprot.WriteMessageBegin(new TMessage(msg.Name, TMessageType.Exception, msg.SeqID));"
      << endl << indent() << "  x.Write(oprot);" << endl << indent() << "  oprot.WriteMessageEnd();"
      << endl << indent() << "  oprot.Transport.Flush();" << endl << indent() << "  return true;"
      << endl << indent() << "}" << endl << indent() << "fn(msg.SeqID, iprot, oprot);" << endl;

  scope_down(f_service_);

  f_service_ << indent() << "catch (IOException)" << endl;
  scope_up(f_service_);
  f_service_ << indent() << "return false;" << endl;
  scope_down(f_service_);

  f_service_ << indent() << "return true;" << endl;

  scope_down(f_service_);
  f_service_ << endl;

  for (f_iter = functions.begin(); f_iter != functions.end(); ++f_iter) {
    generate_process_function(tservice, *f_iter);
  }

  indent_down();
  indent(f_service_) << "}" << endl << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_function_helpers(t_function* tfunction) {
  if (tfunction->is_oneway()) {
    return;
  }

  t_struct result(program_, tfunction->get_name() + "_result");
  t_field success(tfunction->get_returntype(), "success", 0);
  if (!tfunction->get_returntype()->is_void()) {
    result.append(&success);
  }

  t_struct* xs = tfunction->get_xceptions();
  const vector<t_field*>& fields = xs->get_members();
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;
  for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
    result.append(*f_iter);
  }

  generate_csharp_struct_definition(f_service_, &result, false, true, true);
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_process_function(t_service* tservice, t_function* tfunction) {
  (void)tservice;
  indent(f_service_) << "public void " << tfunction->get_name()
                     << "_Process(int seqid, TProtocol iprot, TProtocol oprot)" << endl;
  scope_up(f_service_);

  string argsname = tfunction->get_name() + "_args";
  string resultname = tfunction->get_name() + "_result";

  f_service_ << indent() << argsname << " args = new " << argsname << "();" << endl << indent()
             << "args.Read(iprot);" << endl << indent() << "iprot.ReadMessageEnd();" << endl;

  t_struct* xs = tfunction->get_xceptions();
  const std::vector<t_field*>& xceptions = xs->get_members();
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator x_iter;

  if (!tfunction->is_oneway()) {
    f_service_ << indent() << resultname << " result = new " << resultname << "();" << endl;
  }

  if (xceptions.size() > 0) {
    f_service_ << indent() << "try {" << endl;
    indent_up();
  }

  t_struct* arg_struct = tfunction->get_arglist();
  const std::vector<t_field*>& fields = arg_struct->get_members();
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;

  f_service_ << indent();
  if (!tfunction->is_oneway() && !tfunction->get_returntype()->is_void()) {
    f_service_ << "result.Success = ";
  }
  f_service_ << "iface_." << normalize_name(tfunction->get_name()) << "(";
  bool first = true;
  prepare_member_name_mapping(arg_struct);
  for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
    if (first) {
      first = false;
    } else {
      f_service_ << ", ";
    }
    f_service_ << "args." << prop_name(*f_iter);
    if (nullable_ && !type_can_be_null((*f_iter)->get_type())) {
      f_service_ << ".Value";
    }
  }
  cleanup_member_name_mapping(arg_struct);
  f_service_ << ");" << endl;

  if (!tfunction->is_oneway() && xceptions.size() > 0) {
    indent_down();
    f_service_ << indent() << "}";
    prepare_member_name_mapping(xs);
    for (x_iter = xceptions.begin(); x_iter != xceptions.end(); ++x_iter) {
      f_service_ << " catch (" << type_name((*x_iter)->get_type(), false, false) << " "
                 << (*x_iter)->get_name() << ") {" << endl;
      if (!tfunction->is_oneway()) {
        indent_up();
        f_service_ << indent() << "result." << prop_name(*x_iter) << " = " << (*x_iter)->get_name()
                   << ";" << endl;
        indent_down();
        f_service_ << indent() << "}";
      } else {
        f_service_ << "}";
      }
    }
    cleanup_member_name_mapping(xs);
    f_service_ << endl;
  }

  if (tfunction->is_oneway()) {
    f_service_ << indent() << "return;" << endl;
    scope_down(f_service_);

    return;
  }

  f_service_ << indent() << "oprot.WriteMessageBegin(new TMessage(\"" << tfunction->get_name()
             << "\", TMessageType.Reply, seqid)); " << endl << indent() << "result.Write(oprot);"
             << endl << indent() << "oprot.WriteMessageEnd();" << endl << indent()
             << "oprot.Transport.Flush();" << endl;

  scope_down(f_service_);

  f_service_ << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_union_reader(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tunion) {
  // Thanks to THRIFT-1768, we don't need to check for required fields in the union
  const vector<t_field*>& fields = tunion->get_members();
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;

  indent(out) << "public static " << tunion->get_name() << " Read(TProtocol iprot)" << endl;
  scope_up(out);
  indent(out) << tunion->get_name() << " retval;" << endl;
  indent(out) << "iprot.ReadStructBegin();" << endl;
  indent(out) << "TField field = iprot.ReadFieldBegin();" << endl;
  // we cannot have the first field be a stop -- we must have a single field defined
  indent(out) << "if (field.Type == TType.Stop)" << endl;
  scope_up(out);
  indent(out) << "iprot.ReadFieldEnd();" << endl;
  indent(out) << "retval = new ___undefined();" << endl;
  scope_down(out);
  indent(out) << "else" << endl;
  scope_up(out);
  indent(out) << "switch (field.ID)" << endl;
  scope_up(out);

  for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
    indent(out) << "case " << (*f_iter)->get_key() << ":" << endl;
    indent_up();
    indent(out) << "if (field.Type == " << type_to_enum((*f_iter)->get_type()) << ") {" << endl;
    indent_up();

    indent(out) << type_name((*f_iter)->get_type()) << " temp;" << endl;
    generate_deserialize_field(out, (*f_iter), "temp", true);
    indent(out) << "retval = new " << (*f_iter)->get_name() << "(temp);" << endl;

    indent_down();
    out << indent() << "} else { " << endl << indent() << "  TProtocolUtil.Skip(iprot, field.Type);"
        << endl << indent() << "  retval = new ___undefined();" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl
        << indent() << "break;" << endl;
    indent_down();
  }

  indent(out) << "default: " << endl;
  indent_up();
  indent(out) << "TProtocolUtil.Skip(iprot, field.Type);" << endl << indent()
              << "retval = new ___undefined();" << endl;
  indent(out) << "break;" << endl;
  indent_down();

  scope_down(out);

  indent(out) << "iprot.ReadFieldEnd();" << endl;

  indent(out) << "if (iprot.ReadFieldBegin().Type != TType.Stop)" << endl;
  scope_up(out);
  indent(out) << "throw new TProtocolException(TProtocolException.INVALID_DATA);" << endl;
  scope_down(out);

  // end of else for TStop
  scope_down(out);

  indent(out) << "iprot.ReadStructEnd();" << endl;

  indent(out) << "return retval;" << endl;

  indent_down();

  indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_deserialize_field(ofstream& out,
                                                    t_field* tfield,
                                                    string prefix,
                                                    bool is_propertyless) {
  t_type* type = tfield->get_type();
  while (type->is_typedef()) {
    type = ((t_typedef*)type)->get_type();
  }

  if (type->is_void()) {
    throw "CANNOT GENERATE DESERIALIZE CODE FOR void TYPE: " + prefix + tfield->get_name();
  }

  string name = prefix + (is_propertyless ? "" : prop_name(tfield));

  if (type->is_struct() || type->is_xception()) {
    generate_deserialize_struct(out, (t_struct*)type, name);
  } else if (type->is_container()) {
    generate_deserialize_container(out, type, name);
  } else if (type->is_base_type() || type->is_enum()) {
    indent(out) << name << " = ";

    if (type->is_enum()) {
      out << "(" << type_name(type, false, true) << ")";
    }

    out << "iprot.";

    if (type->is_base_type()) {
      t_base_type::t_base tbase = ((t_base_type*)type)->get_base();
      switch (tbase) {
      case t_base_type::TYPE_VOID:
        throw "compiler error: cannot serialize void field in a struct: " + name;
        break;
      case t_base_type::TYPE_STRING:
        if (((t_base_type*)type)->is_binary()) {
          out << "ReadBinary();";
        } else {
          out << "ReadString();";
        }
        break;
      case t_base_type::TYPE_BOOL:
        out << "ReadBool();";
        break;
      case t_base_type::TYPE_BYTE:
        out << "ReadByte();";
        break;
      case t_base_type::TYPE_I16:
        out << "ReadI16();";
        break;
      case t_base_type::TYPE_I32:
        out << "ReadI32();";
        break;
      case t_base_type::TYPE_I64:
        out << "ReadI64();";
        break;
      case t_base_type::TYPE_DOUBLE:
        out << "ReadDouble();";
        break;
      default:
        throw "compiler error: no C# name for base type " + t_base_type::t_base_name(tbase);
      }
    } else if (type->is_enum()) {
      out << "ReadI32();";
    }
    out << endl;
  } else {
    printf("DO NOT KNOW HOW TO DESERIALIZE FIELD '%s' TYPE '%s'\n",
           tfield->get_name().c_str(),
           type_name(type).c_str());
  }
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_deserialize_struct(ofstream& out,
                                                     t_struct* tstruct,
                                                     string prefix) {
  if (union_ && tstruct->is_union()) {
    out << indent() << prefix << " = " << type_name(tstruct) << ".Read(iprot);" << endl;
  } else {
    out << indent() << prefix << " = new " << type_name(tstruct) << "();" << endl << indent()
        << prefix << ".Read(iprot);" << endl;
  }
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_deserialize_container(ofstream& out,
                                                        t_type* ttype,
                                                        string prefix) {
  scope_up(out);

  string obj;

  if (ttype->is_map()) {
    obj = tmp("_map");
  } else if (ttype->is_set()) {
    obj = tmp("_set");
  } else if (ttype->is_list()) {
    obj = tmp("_list");
  }

  indent(out) << prefix << " = new " << type_name(ttype, false, true) << "();" << endl;
  if (ttype->is_map()) {
    out << indent() << "TMap " << obj << " = iprot.ReadMapBegin();" << endl;
  } else if (ttype->is_set()) {
    out << indent() << "TSet " << obj << " = iprot.ReadSetBegin();" << endl;
  } else if (ttype->is_list()) {
    out << indent() << "TList " << obj << " = iprot.ReadListBegin();" << endl;
  }

  string i = tmp("_i");
  indent(out) << "for( int " << i << " = 0; " << i << " < " << obj << ".Count"
              << "; "
              << "++" << i << ")" << endl;
  scope_up(out);

  if (ttype->is_map()) {
    generate_deserialize_map_element(out, (t_map*)ttype, prefix);
  } else if (ttype->is_set()) {
    generate_deserialize_set_element(out, (t_set*)ttype, prefix);
  } else if (ttype->is_list()) {
    generate_deserialize_list_element(out, (t_list*)ttype, prefix);
  }

  scope_down(out);

  if (ttype->is_map()) {
    indent(out) << "iprot.ReadMapEnd();" << endl;
  } else if (ttype->is_set()) {
    indent(out) << "iprot.ReadSetEnd();" << endl;
  } else if (ttype->is_list()) {
    indent(out) << "iprot.ReadListEnd();" << endl;
  }

  scope_down(out);
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_deserialize_map_element(ofstream& out,
                                                          t_map* tmap,
                                                          string prefix) {
  string key = tmp("_key");
  string val = tmp("_val");

  t_field fkey(tmap->get_key_type(), key);
  t_field fval(tmap->get_val_type(), val);

  indent(out) << declare_field(&fkey) << endl;
  indent(out) << declare_field(&fval) << endl;

  generate_deserialize_field(out, &fkey);
  generate_deserialize_field(out, &fval);

  indent(out) << prefix << "[" << key << "] = " << val << ";" << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_deserialize_set_element(ofstream& out,
                                                          t_set* tset,
                                                          string prefix) {
  string elem = tmp("_elem");
  t_field felem(tset->get_elem_type(), elem);

  indent(out) << declare_field(&felem) << endl;

  generate_deserialize_field(out, &felem);

  indent(out) << prefix << ".Add(" << elem << ");" << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_deserialize_list_element(ofstream& out,
                                                           t_list* tlist,
                                                           string prefix) {
  string elem = tmp("_elem");
  t_field felem(tlist->get_elem_type(), elem);

  indent(out) << declare_field(&felem) << endl;

  generate_deserialize_field(out, &felem);

  indent(out) << prefix << ".Add(" << elem << ");" << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_serialize_field(ofstream& out,
                                                  t_field* tfield,
                                                  string prefix,
                                                  bool is_element,
                                                  bool is_propertyless) {
  t_type* type = tfield->get_type();
  while (type->is_typedef()) {
    type = ((t_typedef*)type)->get_type();
  }

  string name = prefix + (is_propertyless ? "" : prop_name(tfield));

  if (type->is_void()) {
    throw "CANNOT GENERATE SERIALIZE CODE FOR void TYPE: " + name;
  }

  if (type->is_struct() || type->is_xception()) {
    generate_serialize_struct(out, (t_struct*)type, name);
  } else if (type->is_container()) {
    generate_serialize_container(out, type, name);
  } else if (type->is_base_type() || type->is_enum()) {
    indent(out) << "oprot.";

    string nullable_name = nullable_ && !is_element && !field_is_required(tfield) ? name + ".Value"
                                                                                  : name;

    if (type->is_base_type()) {
      t_base_type::t_base tbase = ((t_base_type*)type)->get_base();
      switch (tbase) {
      case t_base_type::TYPE_VOID:
        throw "compiler error: cannot serialize void field in a struct: " + name;
        break;
      case t_base_type::TYPE_STRING:
        if (((t_base_type*)type)->is_binary()) {
          out << "WriteBinary(";
        } else {
          out << "WriteString(";
        }
        out << name << ");";
        break;
      case t_base_type::TYPE_BOOL:
        out << "WriteBool(" << nullable_name << ");";
        break;
      case t_base_type::TYPE_BYTE:
        out << "WriteByte(" << nullable_name << ");";
        break;
      case t_base_type::TYPE_I16:
        out << "WriteI16(" << nullable_name << ");";
        break;
      case t_base_type::TYPE_I32:
        out << "WriteI32(" << nullable_name << ");";
        break;
      case t_base_type::TYPE_I64:
        out << "WriteI64(" << nullable_name << ");";
        break;
      case t_base_type::TYPE_DOUBLE:
        out << "WriteDouble(" << nullable_name << ");";
        break;
      default:
        throw "compiler error: no C# name for base type " + t_base_type::t_base_name(tbase);
      }
    } else if (type->is_enum()) {
      out << "WriteI32((int)" << nullable_name << ");";
    }
    out << endl;
  } else {
    printf("DO NOT KNOW HOW TO SERIALIZE '%s%s' TYPE '%s'\n",
           prefix.c_str(),
           tfield->get_name().c_str(),
           type_name(type).c_str());
  }
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_serialize_struct(ofstream& out,
                                                   t_struct* tstruct,
                                                   string prefix) {
  (void)tstruct;
  out << indent() << prefix << ".Write(oprot);" << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_serialize_container(ofstream& out, t_type* ttype, string prefix) {
  scope_up(out);

  if (ttype->is_map()) {
    indent(out) << "oprot.WriteMapBegin(new TMap(" << type_to_enum(((t_map*)ttype)->get_key_type())
                << ", " << type_to_enum(((t_map*)ttype)->get_val_type()) << ", " << prefix
                << ".Count));" << endl;
  } else if (ttype->is_set()) {
    indent(out) << "oprot.WriteSetBegin(new TSet(" << type_to_enum(((t_set*)ttype)->get_elem_type())
                << ", " << prefix << ".Count));" << endl;
  } else if (ttype->is_list()) {
    indent(out) << "oprot.WriteListBegin(new TList("
                << type_to_enum(((t_list*)ttype)->get_elem_type()) << ", " << prefix << ".Count));"
                << endl;
  }

  string iter = tmp("_iter");
  if (ttype->is_map()) {
    indent(out) << "foreach (" << type_name(((t_map*)ttype)->get_key_type()) << " " << iter
                << " in " << prefix << ".Keys)";
  } else if (ttype->is_set()) {
    indent(out) << "foreach (" << type_name(((t_set*)ttype)->get_elem_type()) << " " << iter
                << " in " << prefix << ")";
  } else if (ttype->is_list()) {
    indent(out) << "foreach (" << type_name(((t_list*)ttype)->get_elem_type()) << " " << iter
                << " in " << prefix << ")";
  }

  out << endl;
  scope_up(out);

  if (ttype->is_map()) {
    generate_serialize_map_element(out, (t_map*)ttype, iter, prefix);
  } else if (ttype->is_set()) {
    generate_serialize_set_element(out, (t_set*)ttype, iter);
  } else if (ttype->is_list()) {
    generate_serialize_list_element(out, (t_list*)ttype, iter);
  }

  scope_down(out);

  if (ttype->is_map()) {
    indent(out) << "oprot.WriteMapEnd();" << endl;
  } else if (ttype->is_set()) {
    indent(out) << "oprot.WriteSetEnd();" << endl;
  } else if (ttype->is_list()) {
    indent(out) << "oprot.WriteListEnd();" << endl;
  }

  scope_down(out);
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_serialize_map_element(ofstream& out,
                                                        t_map* tmap,
                                                        string iter,
                                                        string map) {
  t_field kfield(tmap->get_key_type(), iter);
  generate_serialize_field(out, &kfield, "", true);
  t_field vfield(tmap->get_val_type(), map + "[" + iter + "]");
  generate_serialize_field(out, &vfield, "", true);
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_serialize_set_element(ofstream& out, t_set* tset, string iter) {
  t_field efield(tset->get_elem_type(), iter);
  generate_serialize_field(out, &efield, "", true);
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_serialize_list_element(ofstream& out,
                                                         t_list* tlist,
                                                         string iter) {
  t_field efield(tlist->get_elem_type(), iter);
  generate_serialize_field(out, &efield, "", true);
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_property(ofstream& out,
                                           t_field* tfield,
                                           bool isPublic,
                                           bool generateIsset) {
  generate_csharp_property(out, tfield, isPublic, generateIsset, "_");
}
void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_property(ofstream& out,
                                                  t_field* tfield,
                                                  bool isPublic,
                                                  bool generateIsset,
                                                  std::string fieldPrefix) {
  if ((serialize_ || wcf_) && isPublic) {
    indent(out) << "[DataMember(Order = 0)]" << endl;
  }
  bool has_default = field_has_default(tfield);
  bool is_required = field_is_required(tfield);
  if ((nullable_ && !has_default) || (is_required)) {
    indent(out) << (isPublic ? "public " : "private ")
                << type_name(tfield->get_type(), false, false, true, is_required) << " "
                << prop_name(tfield) << " { get; set; }" << endl;
  } else {
    indent(out) << (isPublic ? "public " : "private ")
                << type_name(tfield->get_type(), false, false, true) << " " << prop_name(tfield)
                << endl;
    scope_up(out);
    indent(out) << "get" << endl;
    scope_up(out);
    bool use_nullable = false;
    if (nullable_) {
      t_type* ttype = tfield->get_type();
      while (ttype->is_typedef()) {
        ttype = ((t_typedef*)ttype)->get_type();
      }
      if (ttype->is_base_type()) {
        use_nullable = ((t_base_type*)ttype)->get_base() != t_base_type::TYPE_STRING;
      }
    }
    indent(out) << "return " << fieldPrefix + tfield->get_name() << ";" << endl;
    scope_down(out);
    indent(out) << "set" << endl;
    scope_up(out);
    if (use_nullable) {
      if (generateIsset) {
        indent(out) << "__isset." << normalize_name(tfield->get_name()) << " = value.HasValue;"
                    << endl;
      }
      indent(out) << "if (value.HasValue) this." << fieldPrefix + tfield->get_name()
                  << " = value.Value;" << endl;
    } else {
      if (generateIsset) {
        indent(out) << "__isset." << normalize_name(tfield->get_name()) << " = true;" << endl;
      }
      indent(out) << "this." << fieldPrefix + tfield->get_name() << " = value;" << endl;
    }
    scope_down(out);
    scope_down(out);
  }
  out << endl;
}

std::string t_csharp_generator::make_valid_csharp_identifier(std::string const& fromName) {
  std::string str = fromName;
  if (str.empty()) {
    return str;
  }

  // tests rely on this
  assert(('A' < 'Z') && ('a' < 'z') && ('0' < '9'));

  // if the first letter is a number, we add an additional underscore in front of it
  char c = str.at(0);
  if (('0' <= c) && (c <= '9')) {
    str = "_" + str;
  }

  // following chars: letter, number or underscore
  for (size_t i = 0; i < str.size(); ++i) {
    c = str.at(i);
    if ((('A' > c) || (c > 'Z')) && (('a' > c) || (c > 'z')) && (('0' > c) || (c > '9'))
        && ('_' != c)) {
      str.replace(i, 1, "_");
    }
  }

  return str;
}

void t_csharp_generator::cleanup_member_name_mapping(void* scope) {
  if (member_mapping_scope != scope) {
    if (member_mapping_scope == NULL) {
      throw "internal error: cleanup_member_name_mapping() not active";
    } else {
      throw "internal error: cleanup_member_name_mapping() called for wrong struct";
    }
  }

  member_mapping_scope = NULL;
  member_name_mapping.clear();
}

string t_csharp_generator::get_mapped_member_name(string name) {
  map<string, string>::iterator iter = member_name_mapping.find(name);
  if (member_name_mapping.end() != iter) {
    return iter->second;
  }
  pverbose("no mapping for member %s\n", name.c_str());
  return name;
}

void t_csharp_generator::prepare_member_name_mapping(t_struct* tstruct) {
  prepare_member_name_mapping(tstruct, tstruct->get_members(), tstruct->get_name());
}

void t_csharp_generator::prepare_member_name_mapping(void* scope,
                                                     const vector<t_field*>& members,
                                                     const string& structname) {
  if (member_mapping_scope != NULL) {
    if (member_mapping_scope != scope) {
      throw "internal error: prepare_member_name_mapping() already active for different struct";
    } else {
      throw "internal error: prepare_member_name_mapping() already active for this struct";
    }
  }

  member_mapping_scope = scope;
  member_name_mapping.clear();

  std::set<std::string> used_member_names;
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator iter;

  // current C# generator policy:
  // - prop names are always rendered with an Uppercase first letter
  // - struct names are used as given

  for (iter = members.begin(); iter != members.end(); ++iter) {
    string oldname = (*iter)->get_name();
    string newname = prop_name(*iter, true);
    while (true) {
      // name conflicts with struct (CS0542 error)
      if (structname.compare(newname) == 0) {
        pverbose("struct %s: member %s conflicts with struct (preventing CS0542)\n",
                 structname.c_str(),
                 newname.c_str());
        newname += '_';
      }

      // new name conflicts with another member
      if (used_member_names.find(newname) != used_member_names.end()) {
        pverbose("struct %s: member %s conflicts with another member\n",
                 structname.c_str(),
                 newname.c_str());
        newname += '_';
        continue;
      }

      // add always, this helps us to detect edge cases like
      // different spellings ("foo" and "Foo") within the same struct
      pverbose("struct %s: member mapping %s => %s\n",
               structname.c_str(),
               oldname.c_str(),
               newname.c_str());
      member_name_mapping[oldname] = newname;
      used_member_names.insert(newname);
      break;
    }
  }
}

std::string t_csharp_generator::prop_name(t_field* tfield, bool suppress_mapping) {
  string name(tfield->get_name());
  if (suppress_mapping) {
    name[0] = toupper(name[0]);
  } else {
    name = get_mapped_member_name(name);
  }
  return name;
}

string t_csharp_generator::type_name(t_type* ttype,
                                     bool in_container,
                                     bool in_init,
                                     bool in_param,
                                     bool is_required) {
  (void)in_init;
  while (ttype->is_typedef()) {
    ttype = ((t_typedef*)ttype)->get_type();
  }

  if (ttype->is_base_type()) {
    return base_type_name((t_base_type*)ttype, in_container, in_param, is_required);
  } else if (ttype->is_map()) {
    t_map* tmap = (t_map*)ttype;
    return "Dictionary<" + type_name(tmap->get_key_type(), true) + ", "
           + type_name(tmap->get_val_type(), true) + ">";
  } else if (ttype->is_set()) {
    t_set* tset = (t_set*)ttype;
    return "THashSet<" + type_name(tset->get_elem_type(), true) + ">";
  } else if (ttype->is_list()) {
    t_list* tlist = (t_list*)ttype;
    return "List<" + type_name(tlist->get_elem_type(), true) + ">";
  }

  t_program* program = ttype->get_program();
  string postfix = (!is_required && nullable_ && in_param && ttype->is_enum()) ? "?" : "";
  if (program != NULL && program != program_) {
    string ns = program->get_namespace("csharp");
    if (!ns.empty()) {
      return ns + "." + normalize_name(ttype->get_name()) + postfix;
    }
  }

  return normalize_name(ttype->get_name()) + postfix;
}

string t_csharp_generator::base_type_name(t_base_type* tbase,
                                          bool in_container,
                                          bool in_param,
                                          bool is_required) {
  (void)in_container;
  string postfix = (!is_required && nullable_ && in_param) ? "?" : "";
  switch (tbase->get_base()) {
  case t_base_type::TYPE_VOID:
    return "void";
  case t_base_type::TYPE_STRING:
    if (tbase->is_binary()) {
      return "byte[]";
    } else {
      return "string";
    }
  case t_base_type::TYPE_BOOL:
    return "bool" + postfix;
  case t_base_type::TYPE_BYTE:
    return "sbyte" + postfix;
  case t_base_type::TYPE_I16:
    return "short" + postfix;
  case t_base_type::TYPE_I32:
    return "int" + postfix;
  case t_base_type::TYPE_I64:
    return "long" + postfix;
  case t_base_type::TYPE_DOUBLE:
    return "double" + postfix;
  default:
    throw "compiler error: no C# name for base type " + t_base_type::t_base_name(tbase->get_base());
  }
}

string t_csharp_generator::declare_field(t_field* tfield, bool init, std::string prefix) {
  string result = type_name(tfield->get_type()) + " " + prefix + tfield->get_name();
  if (init) {
    t_type* ttype = tfield->get_type();
    while (ttype->is_typedef()) {
      ttype = ((t_typedef*)ttype)->get_type();
    }
    if (ttype->is_base_type() && field_has_default(tfield)) {
      ofstream dummy;
      result += " = " + render_const_value(dummy, tfield->get_name(), ttype, tfield->get_value());
    } else if (ttype->is_base_type()) {
      t_base_type::t_base tbase = ((t_base_type*)ttype)->get_base();
      switch (tbase) {
      case t_base_type::TYPE_VOID:
        throw "NO T_VOID CONSTRUCT";
      case t_base_type::TYPE_STRING:
        result += " = null";
        break;
      case t_base_type::TYPE_BOOL:
        result += " = false";
        break;
      case t_base_type::TYPE_BYTE:
      case t_base_type::TYPE_I16:
      case t_base_type::TYPE_I32:
      case t_base_type::TYPE_I64:
        result += " = 0";
        break;
      case t_base_type::TYPE_DOUBLE:
        result += " = (double)0";
        break;
      }
    } else if (ttype->is_enum()) {
      result += " = (" + type_name(ttype, false, true) + ")0";
    } else if (ttype->is_container()) {
      result += " = new " + type_name(ttype, false, true) + "()";
    } else {
      result += " = new " + type_name(ttype, false, true) + "()";
    }
  }
  return result + ";";
}

string t_csharp_generator::function_signature(t_function* tfunction, string prefix) {
  t_type* ttype = tfunction->get_returntype();
  return type_name(ttype) + " " + normalize_name(prefix + tfunction->get_name()) + "("
         + argument_list(tfunction->get_arglist()) + ")";
}

string t_csharp_generator::function_signature_async_begin(t_function* tfunction, string prefix) {
  string comma = (tfunction->get_arglist()->get_members().size() > 0 ? ", " : "");
  return "IAsyncResult " + normalize_name(prefix + tfunction->get_name())
         + "(AsyncCallback callback, object state" + comma + argument_list(tfunction->get_arglist())
         + ")";
}

string t_csharp_generator::function_signature_async_end(t_function* tfunction, string prefix) {
  t_type* ttype = tfunction->get_returntype();
  return type_name(ttype) + " " + normalize_name(prefix + tfunction->get_name())
         + "(IAsyncResult asyncResult)";
}

string t_csharp_generator::function_signature_async(t_function* tfunction, string prefix) {
  t_type* ttype = tfunction->get_returntype();
  string task = "Task";
  if (!ttype->is_void())
    task += "<" + type_name(ttype) + ">";
  return task + " " + normalize_name(prefix + tfunction->get_name()) + "Async("
         + argument_list(tfunction->get_arglist()) + ")";
}

string t_csharp_generator::argument_list(t_struct* tstruct) {
  string result = "";
  const vector<t_field*>& fields = tstruct->get_members();
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;
  bool first = true;
  for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
    if (first) {
      first = false;
    } else {
      result += ", ";
    }
    result += type_name((*f_iter)->get_type()) + " " + normalize_name((*f_iter)->get_name());
  }
  return result;
}

string t_csharp_generator::type_to_enum(t_type* type) {
  while (type->is_typedef()) {
    type = ((t_typedef*)type)->get_type();
  }

  if (type->is_base_type()) {
    t_base_type::t_base tbase = ((t_base_type*)type)->get_base();
    switch (tbase) {
    case t_base_type::TYPE_VOID:
      throw "NO T_VOID CONSTRUCT";
    case t_base_type::TYPE_STRING:
      return "TType.String";
    case t_base_type::TYPE_BOOL:
      return "TType.Bool";
    case t_base_type::TYPE_BYTE:
      return "TType.Byte";
    case t_base_type::TYPE_I16:
      return "TType.I16";
    case t_base_type::TYPE_I32:
      return "TType.I32";
    case t_base_type::TYPE_I64:
      return "TType.I64";
    case t_base_type::TYPE_DOUBLE:
      return "TType.Double";
    }
  } else if (type->is_enum()) {
    return "TType.I32";
  } else if (type->is_struct() || type->is_xception()) {
    return "TType.Struct";
  } else if (type->is_map()) {
    return "TType.Map";
  } else if (type->is_set()) {
    return "TType.Set";
  } else if (type->is_list()) {
    return "TType.List";
  }

  throw "INVALID TYPE IN type_to_enum: " + type->get_name();
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_docstring_comment(ofstream& out, string contents) {
  generate_docstring_comment(out, "/// <summary>\n", "/// ", contents, "/// </summary>\n");
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_doc(ofstream& out, t_field* field) {
  if (field->get_type()->is_enum()) {
    string combined_message = field->get_doc() + "\n<seealso cref=\""
                              + get_enum_class_name(field->get_type()) + "\"/>";
    generate_csharp_docstring_comment(out, combined_message);
  } else {
    generate_csharp_doc(out, (t_doc*)field);
  }
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_doc(ofstream& out, t_doc* tdoc) {
  if (tdoc->has_doc()) {
    generate_csharp_docstring_comment(out, tdoc->get_doc());
  }
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_doc(ofstream& out, t_function* tfunction) {
  if (tfunction->has_doc()) {
    stringstream ps;
    const vector<t_field*>& fields = tfunction->get_arglist()->get_members();
    vector<t_field*>::const_iterator p_iter;
    for (p_iter = fields.begin(); p_iter != fields.end(); ++p_iter) {
      t_field* p = *p_iter;
      ps << "\n<param name=\"" << p->get_name() << "\">";
      if (p->has_doc()) {
        std::string str = p->get_doc();
        str.erase(std::remove(str.begin(), str.end(), '\n'),
                  str.end()); // remove the newlines that appear from the parser
        ps << str;
      }
      ps << "</param>";
    }
    generate_docstring_comment(out,
                               "",
                               "/// ",
                               "<summary>\n" + tfunction->get_doc() + "</summary>" + ps.str(),
                               "");
  }
}

std::string t_csharp_generator::get_enum_class_name(t_type* type) {
  string package = "";
  t_program* program = type->get_program();
  if (program != NULL && program != program_) {
    package = program->get_namespace("csharp") + ".";
  }
  return package + type->get_name();
}

THRIFT_REGISTER_GENERATOR(
    csharp,
    "C#",
    "    async:           Adds Async support using Task.Run.\n"
    "    asyncctp:        Adds Async CTP support using TaskEx.Run.\n"
    "    wcf:             Adds bindings for WCF to generated classes.\n"
    "    serial:          Add serialization support to generated classes.\n"
    "    nullable:        Use nullable types for properties.\n"
    "    hashcode:        Generate a hashcode and equals implementation for classes.\n"
    "    union:           Use new union typing, which includes a static read function for union "
    "types.\n")


修改后:

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 *
 * Contains some contributions under the Thrift Software License.
 * Please see doc/old-thrift-license.txt in the Thrift distribution for
 * details.
 */

#include <cassert>

#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <cctype>

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sstream>

#include "platform.h"
#include "t_oop_generator.h"

using std::map;
using std::ofstream;
using std::ostringstream;
using std::string;
using std::stringstream;
using std::vector;

static const string endl = "\n"; // avoid ostream << std::endl flushes

class t_csharp_generator : public t_oop_generator
{
public:
    t_csharp_generator(t_program* program,
                       const std::map<std::string, std::string>& parsed_options,
                       const std::string& option_string)
        : t_oop_generator(program)
    {
        (void)option_string;
        std::map<std::string, std::string>::const_iterator iter;
        iter = parsed_options.find("async");
        async_ = (iter != parsed_options.end());
        iter = parsed_options.find("asyncctp");
        async_ctp_ = (iter != parsed_options.end());
        if (async_ && async_ctp_)
        {
            throw "argument error: Cannot specify both async and asyncctp; they are incompatible.";
        }
        iter = parsed_options.find("nullable");
        nullable_ = (iter != parsed_options.end());
        iter = parsed_options.find("hashcode");
        hashcode_ = (iter != parsed_options.end());
        iter = parsed_options.find("union");
        union_ = (iter != parsed_options.end());
        iter = parsed_options.find("serial");
        serialize_ = (iter != parsed_options.end());
        if (serialize_)
        {
            wcf_namespace_ = iter->second; // since there can be only one namespace
        }
        iter = parsed_options.find("wcf");
        wcf_ = (iter != parsed_options.end());
        if (wcf_)
        {
            wcf_namespace_ = iter->second;
        }
        out_dir_base_ = "gen-csharp";
    }
    void init_generator();
    void close_generator();

    void generate_consts(std::vector<t_const*> consts);

    void generate_typedef(t_typedef* ttypedef);
    void generate_enum(t_enum* tenum);
    void generate_struct(t_struct* tstruct);
    void generate_union(t_struct* tunion);
    void generate_xception(t_struct* txception);
    void generate_service(t_service* tservice);
    void generate_property(ofstream& out, t_field* tfield, bool isPublic, bool generateIsset);
    void generate_csharp_property(ofstream& out,
                                  t_field* tfield,
                                  bool isPublic,
                                  bool includeIsset = true,
                                  std::string fieldPrefix = "");
    bool print_const_value(std::ofstream& out,
                           std::string name,
                           t_type* type,
                           t_const_value* value,
                           bool in_static,
                           bool defval = false,
                           bool needtype = false);
    std::string render_const_value(std::ofstream& out,
                                   std::string name,
                                   t_type* type,
                                   t_const_value* value);
    void print_const_constructor(std::ofstream& out, std::vector<t_const*> consts);
    void print_const_def_value(std::ofstream& out,
                               std::string name,
                               t_type* type,
                               t_const_value* value);

    void generate_csharp_struct(t_struct* tstruct, bool is_exception);
    void generate_csharp_union(t_struct* tunion);
    void generate_csharp_struct_definition(std::ofstream& out,
                                           t_struct* tstruct,
                                           bool is_xception = false,
                                           bool in_class = false,
                                           bool is_result = false);
    void generate_csharp_union_definition(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tunion);
    void generate_csharp_union_class(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tunion, t_field* tfield);
    void generate_csharp_wcffault(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct);
    void generate_csharp_struct_reader(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct);
    void generate_csharp_struct_result_writer(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct);
    void generate_csharp_struct_writer(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct);
    void generate_csharp_struct_tostring(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct);
    void generate_csharp_struct_equals(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct);
    void generate_csharp_struct_hashcode(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct);
    void generate_csharp_union_reader(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tunion);

    void generate_function_helpers(t_function* tfunction);
    void generate_service_interface(t_service* tservice);
    void generate_service_helpers(t_service* tservice);
    void generate_service_client(t_service* tservice);
    void generate_service_server(t_service* tservice);
    void generate_process_function(t_service* tservice, t_function* function);

    void generate_deserialize_field(std::ofstream& out,
                                    t_field* tfield,
                                    std::string prefix = "",
                                    bool is_propertyless = false);
    void generate_deserialize_struct(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct, std::string prefix = "");
    void generate_deserialize_container(std::ofstream& out, t_type* ttype, std::string prefix = "");
    void generate_deserialize_set_element(std::ofstream& out, t_set* tset, std::string prefix = "");
    void generate_deserialize_map_element(std::ofstream& out, t_map* tmap, std::string prefix = "");
    void generate_deserialize_list_element(std::ofstream& out, t_list* list, std::string prefix = "");
    void generate_serialize_field(std::ofstream& out,
                                  t_field* tfield,
                                  std::string prefix = "",
                                  bool is_element = false,
                                  bool is_propertyless = false);
    void generate_serialize_struct(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct, std::string prefix = "");
    void generate_serialize_container(std::ofstream& out, t_type* ttype, std::string prefix = "");
    void generate_serialize_map_element(std::ofstream& out,
                                        t_map* tmap,
                                        std::string iter,
                                        std::string map);
    void generate_serialize_set_element(std::ofstream& out, t_set* tmap, std::string iter);
    void generate_serialize_list_element(std::ofstream& out, t_list* tlist, std::string iter);

    void generate_csharp_doc(std::ofstream& out, t_field* field);
    void generate_csharp_doc(std::ofstream& out, t_doc* tdoc);
    void generate_csharp_doc(std::ofstream& out, t_function* tdoc);
    void generate_csharp_docstring_comment(std::ofstream& out, string contents);

    void start_csharp_namespace(std::ofstream& out);
    void end_csharp_namespace(std::ofstream& out);

    std::string csharp_type_usings();
    std::string csharp_thrift_usings();

    std::string type_name(t_type* ttype,
                          bool in_countainer = false,
                          bool in_init = false,
                          bool in_param = false,
                          bool is_required = false);
    std::string base_type_name(t_base_type* tbase,
                               bool in_container = false,
                               bool in_param = false,
                               bool is_required = false);
    std::string declare_field(t_field* tfield, bool init = false, std::string prefix = "");
    std::string function_signature_async_begin(t_function* tfunction, std::string prefix = "");
    std::string function_signature_async_end(t_function* tfunction, std::string prefix = "");
    std::string function_signature_async(t_function* tfunction, std::string prefix = "");
    std::string function_signature(t_function* tfunction, std::string prefix = "");
    std::string argument_list(t_struct* tstruct);
    std::string type_to_enum(t_type* ttype);
    std::string prop_name(t_field* tfield, bool suppress_mapping = false);
    std::string get_enum_class_name(t_type* type);

    bool field_has_default(t_field* tfield) { return tfield->get_value() != NULL; }

    bool field_is_required(t_field* tfield) { return tfield->get_req() == t_field::T_REQUIRED; }

    bool type_can_be_null(t_type* ttype)
    {
        while (ttype->is_typedef())
        {
            ttype = ((t_typedef*)ttype)->get_type();
        }
        return ttype->is_container() || ttype->is_struct() || ttype->is_xception()
               || ttype->is_string();
    }

private:
    std::string namespace_name_;
    std::ofstream f_service_;
    std::string namespace_dir_;
    bool async_;
    bool async_ctp_;
    bool nullable_;
    bool union_;
    bool hashcode_;
    bool serialize_;
    bool wcf_;
    std::string wcf_namespace_;

    std::map<std::string, int> csharp_keywords;

    void* member_mapping_scope;
    std::map<std::string, std::string> member_name_mapping;

    void init_keywords();
    std::string normalize_name(std::string name);
    std::string make_valid_csharp_identifier(std::string const& fromName);
    void prepare_member_name_mapping(t_struct* tstruct);
    void prepare_member_name_mapping(void* scope,
                                     const vector<t_field*>& members,
                                     const string& structname);
    void cleanup_member_name_mapping(void* scope);
    string get_mapped_member_name(string oldname);
};

void t_csharp_generator::init_generator()
{
    MKDIR(get_out_dir().c_str());
    namespace_name_ = program_->get_namespace("csharp");
    string dir = namespace_name_;
    string subdir = get_out_dir().c_str();
    string::size_type loc;
    while ((loc = dir.find(".")) != string::npos)
    {
        subdir = subdir + "/" + dir.substr(0, loc);
        MKDIR(subdir.c_str());
        dir = dir.substr(loc + 1);
    }
    if (dir.size() > 0)
    {
        subdir = subdir + "/" + dir;
        MKDIR(subdir.c_str());
    }
    namespace_dir_ = subdir;
    init_keywords();
    member_mapping_scope = NULL;
    pverbose("C# options:\n");
    pverbose("- async ...... %s\n", (async_ ? "ON" : "off"));
    pverbose("- async_ctp .. %s\n", (async_ctp_ ? "ON" : "off"));
    pverbose("- nullable ... %s\n", (nullable_ ? "ON" : "off"));
    pverbose("- union ...... %s\n", (union_ ? "ON" : "off"));
    pverbose("- hashcode ... %s\n", (hashcode_ ? "ON" : "off"));
    pverbose("- serialize .. %s\n", (serialize_ ? "ON" : "off"));
    pverbose("- wcf ........ %s\n", (wcf_ ? "ON" : "off"));
}

std::string t_csharp_generator::normalize_name(std::string name)
{
    string tmp(name);
    std::transform(tmp.begin(), tmp.end(), tmp.begin(), static_cast<int (*)(int)>(std::tolower));
    // un-conflict keywords by prefixing with "@"
    if (csharp_keywords.find(tmp) != csharp_keywords.end())
    {
        return "@" + name;
    }
    // no changes necessary
    return name;
}

void t_csharp_generator::init_keywords()
{
    csharp_keywords.clear();
    // C# keywords
    csharp_keywords["abstract"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["as"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["base"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["bool"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["break"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["byte"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["case"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["catch"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["char"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["checked"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["class"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["const"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["continue"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["decimal"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["default"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["delegate"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["do"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["double"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["else"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["enum"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["event"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["explicit"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["extern"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["false"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["finally"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["fixed"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["float"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["for"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["foreach"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["goto"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["if"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["implicit"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["in"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["int"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["interface"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["internal"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["is"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["lock"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["long"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["namespace"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["new"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["null"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["object"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["operator"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["out"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["override"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["params"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["private"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["protected"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["public"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["readonly"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["ref"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["return"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["sbyte"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["sealed"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["short"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["sizeof"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["stackalloc"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["static"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["string"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["struct"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["switch"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["this"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["throw"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["true"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["try"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["typeof"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["uint"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["ulong"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["unchecked"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["unsafe"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["ushort"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["using"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["virtual"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["void"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["volatile"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["while"] = 1;
    // C# contextual keywords
    csharp_keywords["add"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["alias"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["ascending"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["async"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["await"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["descending"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["dynamic"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["from"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["get"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["global"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["group"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["into"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["join"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["let"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["orderby"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["partial"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["remove"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["select"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["set"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["value"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["var"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["where"] = 1;
    csharp_keywords["yield"] = 1;
}

void t_csharp_generator::start_csharp_namespace(ofstream& out)
{
    if (!namespace_name_.empty())
    {
        out << "namespace " << namespace_name_ << "\n";
        scope_up(out);
    }
}

void t_csharp_generator::end_csharp_namespace(ofstream& out)
{
    if (!namespace_name_.empty())
    {
        scope_down(out);
    }
}

string t_csharp_generator::csharp_type_usings()
{
    return string() + "using System;\n" + "using System.Collections;\n"
           + "using System.Collections.Generic;\n" + "using System.Text;\n" + "using System.IO;\n"
           + ((async_ || async_ctp_) ? "using System.Threading.Tasks;\n" : "") + "using Thrift;\n"
           + "using Thrift.Collections;\n" + ((serialize_ || wcf_) ? "#if !SILVERLIGHT\n" : "")
           + ((serialize_ || wcf_) ? "using System.Xml.Serialization;\n" : "")
           + ((serialize_ || wcf_) ? "#endif\n" : "") + (wcf_ ? "//using System.ServiceModel;\n" : "")
           + "using System.Runtime.Serialization;\n";
}

string t_csharp_generator::csharp_thrift_usings()
{
    return string() + "using Thrift.Protocol;\n" + "using Thrift.Transport;\n";
}

void t_csharp_generator::close_generator()
{
}
void t_csharp_generator::generate_typedef(t_typedef* ttypedef)
{
    (void)ttypedef;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_enum(t_enum* tenum)
{
    string f_enum_name = namespace_dir_ + "/" + (tenum->get_name()) + ".cs";
    ofstream f_enum;
    f_enum.open(f_enum_name.c_str());
    f_enum << autogen_comment() << endl;
    start_csharp_namespace(f_enum);
    generate_csharp_doc(f_enum, tenum);
    indent(f_enum) << "public enum " << tenum->get_name() << "\n";
    scope_up(f_enum);
    vector<t_enum_value*> constants = tenum->get_constants();
    vector<t_enum_value*>::iterator c_iter;
    for (c_iter = constants.begin(); c_iter != constants.end(); ++c_iter)
    {
        generate_csharp_doc(f_enum, *c_iter);
        int value = (*c_iter)->get_value();
        indent(f_enum) << (*c_iter)->get_name() << " = " << value << "," << endl;
    }
    scope_down(f_enum);
    end_csharp_namespace(f_enum);
    f_enum.close();
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_consts(std::vector<t_const*> consts)
{
    if (consts.empty())
    {
        return;
    }
    string f_consts_name = namespace_dir_ + '/' + program_name_ + ".Constants.cs";
    ofstream f_consts;
    f_consts.open(f_consts_name.c_str());
    f_consts << autogen_comment() << csharp_type_usings() << endl;
    start_csharp_namespace(f_consts);
    indent(f_consts) << "public static class " << make_valid_csharp_identifier(program_name_)
                     << "Constants" << endl;
    scope_up(f_consts);
    vector<t_const*>::iterator c_iter;
    bool need_static_constructor = false;
    for (c_iter = consts.begin(); c_iter != consts.end(); ++c_iter)
    {
        generate_csharp_doc(f_consts, (*c_iter));
        if (print_const_value(f_consts,
                              (*c_iter)->get_name(),
                              (*c_iter)->get_type(),
                              (*c_iter)->get_value(),
                              false))
        {
            need_static_constructor = true;
        }
    }
    if (need_static_constructor)
    {
        print_const_constructor(f_consts, consts);
    }
    scope_down(f_consts);
    end_csharp_namespace(f_consts);
    f_consts.close();
}

void t_csharp_generator::print_const_def_value(std::ofstream& out,
        string name,
        t_type* type,
        t_const_value* value)
{
    if (type->is_struct() || type->is_xception())
    {
        const vector<t_field*>& fields = ((t_struct*)type)->get_members();
        vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;
        const map<t_const_value*, t_const_value*>& val = value->get_map();
        map<t_const_value*, t_const_value*>::const_iterator v_iter;
        prepare_member_name_mapping((t_struct*)type);
        for (v_iter = val.begin(); v_iter != val.end(); ++v_iter)
        {
            t_field* field = NULL;
            for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter)
            {
                if ((*f_iter)->get_name() == v_iter->first->get_string())
                {
                    field = (*f_iter);
                }
            }
            if (field == NULL)
            {
                throw "type error: " + type->get_name() + " has no field " + v_iter->first->get_string();
            }
            t_type* field_type = field->get_type();
            string val = render_const_value(out, name, field_type, v_iter->second);
            indent(out) << name << "." << prop_name(field) << " = " << val << ";" << endl;
        }
        cleanup_member_name_mapping((t_struct*)type);
    }
    else if (type->is_map())
    {
        t_type* ktype = ((t_map*)type)->get_key_type();
        t_type* vtype = ((t_map*)type)->get_val_type();
        const map<t_const_value*, t_const_value*>& val = value->get_map();
        map<t_const_value*, t_const_value*>::const_iterator v_iter;
        for (v_iter = val.begin(); v_iter != val.end(); ++v_iter)
        {
            string key = render_const_value(out, name, ktype, v_iter->first);
            string val = render_const_value(out, name, vtype, v_iter->second);
            indent(out) << name << "[" << key << "]"
                        << " = " << val << ";" << endl;
        }
    }
    else if (type->is_list() || type->is_set())
    {
        t_type* etype;
        if (type->is_list())
        {
            etype = ((t_list*)type)->get_elem_type();
        }
        else
        {
            etype = ((t_set*)type)->get_elem_type();
        }
        const vector<t_const_value*>& val = value->get_list();
        vector<t_const_value*>::const_iterator v_iter;
        for (v_iter = val.begin(); v_iter != val.end(); ++v_iter)
        {
            string val = render_const_value(out, name, etype, *v_iter);
            indent(out) << name << ".Add(" << val << ");" << endl;
        }
    }
}

void t_csharp_generator::print_const_constructor(std::ofstream& out, std::vector<t_const*> consts)
{
    indent(out) << "static " << make_valid_csharp_identifier(program_name_).c_str() << "Constants()"
                << endl;
    scope_up(out);
    vector<t_const*>::iterator c_iter;
    for (c_iter = consts.begin(); c_iter != consts.end(); ++c_iter)
    {
        string name = (*c_iter)->get_name();
        t_type* type = (*c_iter)->get_type();
        t_const_value* value = (*c_iter)->get_value();
        print_const_def_value(out, name, type, value);
    }
    scope_down(out);
}

// it seems like all that methods that call this are using in_static to be the opposite of what it
// would imply
bool t_csharp_generator::print_const_value(std::ofstream& out,
        string name,
        t_type* type,
        t_const_value* value,
        bool in_static,
        bool defval,
        bool needtype)
{
    indent(out);
    bool need_static_construction = !in_static;
    while (type->is_typedef())
    {
        type = ((t_typedef*)type)->get_type();
    }
    if (!defval || needtype)
    {
        out << (in_static ? "" : type->is_base_type() ? "public const " : "public static ")
            << type_name(type) << " ";
    }
    if (type->is_base_type())
    {
        string v2 = render_const_value(out, name, type, value);
        out << name << " = " << v2 << ";" << endl;
        need_static_construction = false;
    }
    else if (type->is_enum())
    {
        out << name << " = " << type_name(type, false, true) << "." << value->get_identifier_name()
            << ";" << endl;
        need_static_construction = false;
    }
    else if (type->is_struct() || type->is_xception())
    {
        out << name << " = new " << type_name(type) << "();" << endl;
    }
    else if (type->is_map())
    {
        out << name << " = new " << type_name(type, true, true) << "();" << endl;
    }
    else if (type->is_list() || type->is_set())
    {
        out << name << " = new " << type_name(type) << "();" << endl;
    }
    if (defval && !type->is_base_type() && !type->is_enum())
    {
        print_const_def_value(out, name, type, value);
    }
    return need_static_construction;
}

std::string t_csharp_generator::render_const_value(ofstream& out,
        string name,
        t_type* type,
        t_const_value* value)
{
    (void)name;
    std::ostringstream render;
    if (type->is_base_type())
    {
        t_base_type::t_base tbase = ((t_base_type*)type)->get_base();
        switch (tbase)
        {
        case t_base_type::TYPE_STRING:
            render << '"' << get_escaped_string(value) << '"';
            break;
        case t_base_type::TYPE_BOOL:
            render << ((value->get_integer() > 0) ? "true" : "false");
            break;
        case t_base_type::TYPE_BYTE:
        case t_base_type::TYPE_I16:
        case t_base_type::TYPE_I32:
        case t_base_type::TYPE_I64:
            render << value->get_integer();
            break;
        case t_base_type::TYPE_DOUBLE:
            if (value->get_type() == t_const_value::CV_INTEGER)
            {
                render << value->get_integer();
            }
            else
            {
                render << value->get_double();
            }
            break;
        default:
            throw "compiler error: no const of base type " + t_base_type::t_base_name(tbase);
        }
    }
    else if (type->is_enum())
    {
        render << type->get_name() << "." << value->get_identifier_name();
    }
    else
    {
        string t = tmp("tmp");
        print_const_value(out, t, type, value, true, true, true);
        render << t;
    }
    return render.str();
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_struct(t_struct* tstruct)
{
    if (union_ && tstruct->is_union())
    {
        generate_csharp_union(tstruct);
    }
    else
    {
        generate_csharp_struct(tstruct, false);
    }
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_xception(t_struct* txception)
{
    generate_csharp_struct(txception, true);
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_struct(t_struct* tstruct, bool is_exception)
{
    string f_struct_name = namespace_dir_ + "/" + (tstruct->get_name()) + ".cs";
    ofstream f_struct;
    f_struct.open(f_struct_name.c_str());
    f_struct << autogen_comment() << csharp_type_usings() << csharp_thrift_usings() << endl;
    generate_csharp_struct_definition(f_struct, tstruct, is_exception);
    f_struct.close();
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_struct_definition(ofstream& out,
        t_struct* tstruct,
        bool is_exception,
        bool in_class,
        bool is_result)
{
    if (!in_class)
    {
        start_csharp_namespace(out);
    }
    out << endl;
    generate_csharp_doc(out, tstruct);
    prepare_member_name_mapping(tstruct);
    indent(out) << "#if !SILVERLIGHT" << endl;
    indent(out) << "[Serializable]" << endl;
    indent(out) << "#endif" << endl;
    if ((serialize_ || wcf_) && !is_exception)
    {
        indent(out) << "[DataContract(Namespace=\"" << wcf_namespace_ << "\")]"
                    << endl; // do not make exception classes directly WCF serializable, we provide a
        // separate "fault" for that
    }
    bool is_final = (tstruct->annotations_.find("final") != tstruct->annotations_.end());
    indent(out) << "public " << (is_final ? "sealed " : "") << "partial class "
                << normalize_name(tstruct->get_name()) << " : ";
    if (is_exception)
    {
        out << "TException, ";
    }
    out << "TBase";
    out << endl;
    scope_up(out);
    const vector<t_field*>& members = tstruct->get_members();
    vector<t_field*>::const_iterator m_iter;
    // make private members with public Properties
    for (m_iter = members.begin(); m_iter != members.end(); ++m_iter)
    {
        // if the field is requied, then we use auto-properties
        if (!field_is_required((*m_iter)) && (!nullable_ || field_has_default((*m_iter))))
        {
            indent(out) << "private " << declare_field(*m_iter, false, "_") << endl;
        }
    }
    out << endl;
    bool has_non_required_fields = false;
    bool has_non_required_default_value_fields = false;
    bool has_required_fields = false;
    for (m_iter = members.begin(); m_iter != members.end(); ++m_iter)
    {
        generate_csharp_doc(out, *m_iter);
        generate_property(out, *m_iter, true, true);
        bool is_required = field_is_required((*m_iter));
        bool has_default = field_has_default((*m_iter));
        if (is_required)
        {
            has_required_fields = true;
        }
        else
        {
            if (has_default)
            {
                has_non_required_default_value_fields = true;
            }
            has_non_required_fields = true;
        }
    }
    bool generate_isset = (nullable_ && has_non_required_default_value_fields)
                          || (!nullable_ && has_non_required_fields);
    if (generate_isset)
    {
        out << endl;
        if (serialize_ || wcf_)
        {
            out << indent() << "[XmlIgnore] // XmlSerializer" << endl << indent()
                << "[DataMember(Order = 1)]  // XmlObjectSerializer, DataContractJsonSerializer, etc."
                << endl;
        }
        out << indent() << "public Isset __isset;" << endl << indent() << "#if !SILVERLIGHT" << endl
            << indent() << "[Serializable]" << endl << indent() << "#endif" << endl;
        if (serialize_ || wcf_)
        {
            indent(out) << "[DataContract]" << endl;
        }
        indent(out) << "public struct Isset {" << endl;
        indent_up();
        for (m_iter = members.begin(); m_iter != members.end(); ++m_iter)
        {
            bool is_required = field_is_required((*m_iter));
            bool has_default = field_has_default((*m_iter));
            // if it is required, don't need Isset for that variable
            // if it is not required, if it has a default value, we need to generate Isset
            // if we are not nullable, then we generate Isset
            if (!is_required && (!nullable_ || has_default))
            {
                if (serialize_ || wcf_)
                {
                    indent(out) << "[DataMember]" << endl;
                }
                indent(out) << "public bool " << normalize_name((*m_iter)->get_name()) << ";" << endl;
            }
        }
        indent_down();
        indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;
        if (generate_isset && (serialize_ || wcf_))
        {
            indent(out) << "#region XmlSerializer support" << endl << endl;
            for (m_iter = members.begin(); m_iter != members.end(); ++m_iter)
            {
                bool is_required = field_is_required((*m_iter));
                bool has_default = field_has_default((*m_iter));
                // if it is required, don't need Isset for that variable
                // if it is not required, if it has a default value, we need to generate Isset
                // if we are not nullable, then we generate Isset
                if (!is_required && (!nullable_ || has_default))
                {
                    indent(out) << "public bool ShouldSerialize" << prop_name((*m_iter)) << "()" << endl;
                    indent(out) << "{" << endl;
                    indent_up();
                    indent(out) << "return __isset." << normalize_name((*m_iter)->get_name()) << ";" << endl;
                    indent_down();
                    indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;
                }
            }
            indent(out) << "#endregion XmlSerializer support" << endl << endl;
        }
    }
    // We always want a default, no argument constructor for Reading
    indent(out) << "public " << normalize_name(tstruct->get_name()) << "() {" << endl;
    indent_up();
    for (m_iter = members.begin(); m_iter != members.end(); ++m_iter)
    {
        t_type* t = (*m_iter)->get_type();
        while (t->is_typedef())
        {
            t = ((t_typedef*)t)->get_type();
        }
        if ((*m_iter)->get_value() != NULL)
        {
            if (field_is_required((*m_iter)))
            {
                print_const_value(out, "this." + prop_name(*m_iter), t, (*m_iter)->get_value(), true, true);
            }
            else
            {
                print_const_value(out,
                                  "this._" + (*m_iter)->get_name(),
                                  t,
                                  (*m_iter)->get_value(),
                                  true,
                                  true);
                // Optionals with defaults are marked set
                indent(out) << "this.__isset." << normalize_name((*m_iter)->get_name()) << " = true;"
                            << endl;
            }
        }
    }
    indent_down();
    indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;
    if (has_required_fields)
    {
        indent(out) << "public " << tstruct->get_name() << "(";
        bool first = true;
        for (m_iter = members.begin(); m_iter != members.end(); ++m_iter)
        {
            if (field_is_required((*m_iter)))
            {
                if (first)
                {
                    first = false;
                }
                else
                {
                    out << ", ";
                }
                out << type_name((*m_iter)->get_type()) << " " << (*m_iter)->get_name();
            }
        }
        out << ") : this() {" << endl;
        indent_up();
        for (m_iter = members.begin(); m_iter != members.end(); ++m_iter)
        {
            if (field_is_required((*m_iter)))
            {
                indent(out) << "this." << prop_name((*m_iter)) << " = " << (*m_iter)->get_name() << ";"
                            << endl;
            }
        }
        indent_down();
        indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;
    }
    generate_csharp_struct_reader(out, tstruct);
    if (is_result)
    {
        generate_csharp_struct_result_writer(out, tstruct);
    }
    else
    {
        generate_csharp_struct_writer(out, tstruct);
    }
    if (hashcode_)
    {
        generate_csharp_struct_equals(out, tstruct);
        generate_csharp_struct_hashcode(out, tstruct);
    }
    generate_csharp_struct_tostring(out, tstruct);
    scope_down(out);
    out << endl;
    // generate a corresponding WCF fault to wrap the exception
    if ((serialize_ || wcf_) && is_exception)
    {
        generate_csharp_wcffault(out, tstruct);
    }
    cleanup_member_name_mapping(tstruct);
    if (!in_class)
    {
        end_csharp_namespace(out);
    }
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_wcffault(ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct)
{
    out << endl;
    indent(out) << "#if !SILVERLIGHT" << endl;
    indent(out) << "[Serializable]" << endl;
    indent(out) << "#endif" << endl;
    indent(out) << "[DataContract]" << endl;
    bool is_final = (tstruct->annotations_.find("final") != tstruct->annotations_.end());
    indent(out) << "public " << (is_final ? "sealed " : "") << "partial class " << tstruct->get_name()
                << "Fault" << endl;
    scope_up(out);
    const vector<t_field*>& members = tstruct->get_members();
    vector<t_field*>::const_iterator m_iter;
    // make private members with public Properties
    for (m_iter = members.begin(); m_iter != members.end(); ++m_iter)
    {
        indent(out) << "private " << declare_field(*m_iter, false, "_") << endl;
    }
    out << endl;
    for (m_iter = members.begin(); m_iter != members.end(); ++m_iter)
    {
        generate_property(out, *m_iter, true, false);
    }
    scope_down(out);
    out << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_struct_reader(ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct)
{
    indent(out) << "public void Read (TProtocol iprot)" << endl;
    scope_up(out);
    const vector<t_field*>& fields = tstruct->get_members();
    vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;
    // Required variables aren't in __isset, so we need tmp vars to check them
    for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter)
    {
        if (field_is_required((*f_iter)))
        {
            indent(out) << "bool isset_" << (*f_iter)->get_name() << " = false;" << endl;
        }
    }
    indent(out) << "TField field;" << endl << indent() << "iprot.ReadStructBegin();" << endl;
    indent(out) << "while (true)" << endl;
    scope_up(out);
    indent(out) << "field = iprot.ReadFieldBegin();" << endl;
    indent(out) << "if (field.Type == TType.Stop) { " << endl;
    indent_up();
    indent(out) << "break;" << endl;
    indent_down();
    indent(out) << "}" << endl;
    indent(out) << "switch (field.ID)" << endl;
    scope_up(out);
    for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter)
    {
        bool is_required = field_is_required((*f_iter));
        indent(out) << "case " << (*f_iter)->get_key() << ":" << endl;
        indent_up();
        indent(out) << "if (field.Type == " << type_to_enum((*f_iter)->get_type()) << ") {" << endl;
        indent_up();
        generate_deserialize_field(out, *f_iter);
        if (is_required)
        {
            indent(out) << "isset_" << (*f_iter)->get_name() << " = true;" << endl;
        }
        indent_down();
        out << indent() << "} else { " << endl << indent() << "  TProtocolUtil.Skip(iprot, field.Type);"
            << endl << indent() << "}" << endl << indent() << "break;" << endl;
        indent_down();
    }
    indent(out) << "default: " << endl;
    indent_up();
    indent(out) << "TProtocolUtil.Skip(iprot, field.Type);" << endl;
    indent(out) << "break;" << endl;
    indent_down();
    scope_down(out);
    indent(out) << "iprot.ReadFieldEnd();" << endl;
    scope_down(out);
    indent(out) << "iprot.ReadStructEnd();" << endl;
    for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter)
    {
        if (field_is_required((*f_iter)))
        {
            indent(out) << "if (!isset_" << (*f_iter)->get_name() << ")" << endl;
            indent_up();
            indent(out) << "throw new TProtocolException(TProtocolException.INVALID_DATA);" << endl;
            indent_down();
        }
    }
    indent_down();
    indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_struct_writer(ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct)
{
    out << indent() << "public void Write(TProtocol oprot) {" << endl;
    indent_up();
    string name = tstruct->get_name();
    const vector<t_field*>& fields = tstruct->get_sorted_members();
    vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;
    indent(out) << "TStruct struc = new TStruct(\"" << name << "\");" << endl;
    indent(out) << "oprot.WriteStructBegin(struc);" << endl;
    if (fields.size() > 0)
    {
        indent(out) << "TField field = new TField();" << endl;
        for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter)
        {
            bool is_required = field_is_required((*f_iter));
            bool has_default = field_has_default((*f_iter));
            if (nullable_ && !has_default && !is_required)
            {
                indent(out) << "if (" << prop_name((*f_iter)) << " != null) {" << endl;
                indent_up();
            }
            else if (!is_required)
            {
                bool null_allowed = type_can_be_null((*f_iter)->get_type());
                if (null_allowed)
                {
                    indent(out) << "if (" << prop_name((*f_iter)) << " != null && __isset."
                                << normalize_name((*f_iter)->get_name()) << ") {" << endl;
                    indent_up();
                }
                else
                {
                    indent(out) << "if (__isset." << normalize_name((*f_iter)->get_name()) << ") {" << endl;
                    indent_up();
                }
            }
            indent(out) << "field.Name = \"" << (*f_iter)->get_name() << "\";" << endl;
            indent(out) << "field.Type = " << type_to_enum((*f_iter)->get_type()) << ";" << endl;
            indent(out) << "field.ID = " << (*f_iter)->get_key() << ";" << endl;
            indent(out) << "oprot.WriteFieldBegin(field);" << endl;
            generate_serialize_field(out, *f_iter);
            indent(out) << "oprot.WriteFieldEnd();" << endl;
            if (!is_required)
            {
                indent_down();
                indent(out) << "}" << endl;
            }
        }
    }
    indent(out) << "oprot.WriteFieldStop();" << endl;
    indent(out) << "oprot.WriteStructEnd();" << endl;
    indent_down();
    indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_struct_result_writer(ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct)
{
    indent(out) << "public void Write(TProtocol oprot) {" << endl;
    indent_up();
    string name = tstruct->get_name();
    const vector<t_field*>& fields = tstruct->get_sorted_members();
    vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;
    indent(out) << "TStruct struc = new TStruct(\"" << name << "\");" << endl;
    indent(out) << "oprot.WriteStructBegin(struc);" << endl;
    if (fields.size() > 0)
    {
        indent(out) << "TField field = new TField();" << endl;
        bool first = true;
        for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter)
        {
            if (first)
            {
                first = false;
                out << endl << indent() << "if ";
            }
            else
            {
                out << " else if ";
            }
            if (nullable_)
            {
                out << "(this." << prop_name((*f_iter)) << " != null) {" << endl;
            }
            else
            {
                out << "(this.__isset." << normalize_name((*f_iter)->get_name()) << ") {" << endl;
            }
            indent_up();
            bool null_allowed = !nullable_ && type_can_be_null((*f_iter)->get_type());
            if (null_allowed)
            {
                indent(out) << "if (" << prop_name(*f_iter) << " != null) {" << endl;
                indent_up();
            }
            indent(out) << "field.Name = \"" << prop_name(*f_iter) << "\";" << endl;
            indent(out) << "field.Type = " << type_to_enum((*f_iter)->get_type()) << ";" << endl;
            indent(out) << "field.ID = " << (*f_iter)->get_key() << ";" << endl;
            indent(out) << "oprot.WriteFieldBegin(field);" << endl;
            generate_serialize_field(out, *f_iter);
            indent(out) << "oprot.WriteFieldEnd();" << endl;
            if (null_allowed)
            {
                indent_down();
                indent(out) << "}" << endl;
            }
            indent_down();
            indent(out) << "}";
        }
    }
    out << endl << indent() << "oprot.WriteFieldStop();" << endl << indent()
        << "oprot.WriteStructEnd();" << endl;
    indent_down();
    indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_struct_tostring(ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct)
{
    indent(out) << "public override string ToString() {" << endl;
    indent_up();
    indent(out) << "StringBuilder __sb = new StringBuilder(\"" << tstruct->get_name() << "(\");"
                << endl;
    const vector<t_field*>& fields = tstruct->get_members();
    vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;
    bool useFirstFlag = false;
    for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter)
    {
        if (!field_is_required((*f_iter)))
        {
            indent(out) << "bool __first = true;" << endl;
            useFirstFlag = true;
        }
        break;
    }
    bool had_required = false; // set to true after first required field has been processed
    for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter)
    {
        bool is_required = field_is_required((*f_iter));
        bool has_default = field_has_default((*f_iter));
        if (nullable_ && !has_default && !is_required)
        {
            indent(out) << "if (" << prop_name((*f_iter)) << " != null) {" << endl;
            indent_up();
        }
        else if (!is_required)
        {
            bool null_allowed = type_can_be_null((*f_iter)->get_type());
            if (null_allowed)
            {
                indent(out) << "if (" << prop_name((*f_iter)) << " != null && __isset."
                            << normalize_name((*f_iter)->get_name()) << ") {" << endl;
                indent_up();
            }
            else
            {
                indent(out) << "if (__isset." << normalize_name((*f_iter)->get_name()) << ") {" << endl;
                indent_up();
            }
        }
        if (useFirstFlag && (!had_required))
        {
            indent(out) << "if(!__first) { __sb.Append(\", \"); }" << endl;
            if (!is_required)
            {
                indent(out) << "__first = false;" << endl;
            }
            indent(out) << "__sb.Append(\"" << prop_name((*f_iter)) << ": \");" << endl;
        }
        else
        {
            indent(out) << "__sb.Append(\", " << prop_name((*f_iter)) << ": \");" << endl;
        }
        t_type* ttype = (*f_iter)->get_type();
        if (ttype->is_xception() || ttype->is_struct())
        {
            indent(out) << "__sb.Append(" << prop_name((*f_iter))
                        << "== null ? \"<null>\" : " << prop_name((*f_iter)) << ".ToString());" << endl;
        }
        else
        {
            indent(out) << "__sb.Append(" << prop_name((*f_iter)) << ");" << endl;
        }
        if (!is_required)
        {
            indent_down();
            indent(out) << "}" << endl;
        }
        else
        {
            had_required = true; // now __first must be false, so we don't need to check it anymore
        }
    }
    indent(out) << "__sb.Append(\")\");" << endl;
    indent(out) << "return __sb.ToString();" << endl;
    indent_down();
    indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_union(t_struct* tunion)
{
    string f_union_name = namespace_dir_ + "/" + (tunion->get_name()) + ".cs";
    ofstream f_union;
    f_union.open(f_union_name.c_str());
    f_union << autogen_comment() << csharp_type_usings() << csharp_thrift_usings() << endl;
    generate_csharp_union_definition(f_union, tunion);
    f_union.close();
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_union_definition(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tunion)
{
    // Let's define the class first
    start_csharp_namespace(out);
    indent(out) << "public abstract partial class " << tunion->get_name() << " : TAbstractBase {"
                << endl;
    indent_up();
    indent(out) << "public abstract void Write(TProtocol protocol);" << endl;
    indent(out) << "public readonly bool Isset;" << endl;
    indent(out) << "public abstract object Data { get; }" << endl;
    indent(out) << "protected " << tunion->get_name() << "(bool isset) {" << endl;
    indent_up();
    indent(out) << "Isset = isset;" << endl;
    indent_down();
    indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;
    indent(out) << "public class ___undefined : " << tunion->get_name() << " {" << endl;
    indent_up();
    indent(out) << "public override object Data { get { return null; } }" << endl;
    indent(out) << "public ___undefined() : base(false) {}" << endl << endl;
    indent(out) << "public override void Write(TProtocol protocol) {" << endl;
    indent_up();
    indent(out) << "throw new TProtocolException( TProtocolException.INVALID_DATA, \"Cannot persist "
                "an union type which is not set.\");" << endl;
    indent_down();
    indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;
    indent_down();
    indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;
    const vector<t_field*>& fields = tunion->get_members();
    vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;
    for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter)
    {
        generate_csharp_union_class(out, tunion, (*f_iter));
    }
    generate_csharp_union_reader(out, tunion);
    indent_down();
    indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;
    end_csharp_namespace(out);
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_union_class(std::ofstream& out,
        t_struct* tunion,
        t_field* tfield)
{
    indent(out) << "public class " << tfield->get_name() << " : " << tunion->get_name() << " {"
                << endl;
    indent_up();
    indent(out) << "private " << type_name(tfield->get_type()) << " _data;" << endl;
    indent(out) << "public override object Data { get { return _data; } }" << endl;
    indent(out) << "public " << tfield->get_name() << "(" << type_name(tfield->get_type())
                << " data) : base(true) {" << endl;
    indent_up();
    indent(out) << "this._data = data;" << endl;
    indent_down();
    indent(out) << "}" << endl;
    indent(out) << "public override void Write(TProtocol oprot) {" << endl;
    indent_up();
    indent(out) << "TStruct struc = new TStruct(\"" << tunion->get_name() << "\");" << endl;
    indent(out) << "oprot.WriteStructBegin(struc);" << endl;
    indent(out) << "TField field = new TField();" << endl;
    indent(out) << "field.Name = \"" << tfield->get_name() << "\";" << endl;
    indent(out) << "field.Type = " << type_to_enum(tfield->get_type()) << ";" << endl;
    indent(out) << "field.ID = " << tfield->get_key() << ";" << endl;
    indent(out) << "oprot.WriteFieldBegin(field);" << endl;
    generate_serialize_field(out, tfield, "_data", true, true);
    indent(out) << "oprot.WriteFieldEnd();" << endl;
    indent(out) << "oprot.WriteFieldStop();" << endl;
    indent(out) << "oprot.WriteStructEnd();" << endl;
    indent_down();
    indent(out) << "}" << endl;
    indent_down();
    indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_struct_equals(ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct)
{
    indent(out) << "public override bool Equals(object that) {" << endl;
    indent_up();
    indent(out) << "var other = that as " << type_name(tstruct) << ";" << endl;
    indent(out) << "if (other == null) return false;" << endl;
    indent(out) << "if (ReferenceEquals(this, other)) return true;" << endl;
    const vector<t_field*>& fields = tstruct->get_members();
    vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;
    bool first = true;
    for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter)
    {
        if (first)
        {
            first = false;
            indent(out) << "return ";
            indent_up();
        }
        else
        {
            out << endl;
            indent(out) << "&& ";
        }
        if (!field_is_required((*f_iter)) && !(nullable_ && !field_has_default((*f_iter))))
        {
            out << "((__isset." << normalize_name((*f_iter)->get_name()) << " == other.__isset."
                << normalize_name((*f_iter)->get_name()) << ") && ((!__isset."
                << normalize_name((*f_iter)->get_name()) << ") || (";
        }
        t_type* ttype = (*f_iter)->get_type();
        if (ttype->is_container())
        {
            out << "TCollections.Equals(";
        }
        else
        {
            out << "System.Object.Equals(";
        }
        out << prop_name((*f_iter)) << ", other." << prop_name((*f_iter)) << ")";
        if (!field_is_required((*f_iter)) && !(nullable_ && !field_has_default((*f_iter))))
        {
            out << ")))";
        }
    }
    if (first)
    {
        indent(out) << "return true;" << endl;
    }
    else
    {
        out << ";" << endl;
        indent_down();
    }
    indent_down();
    indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_struct_hashcode(ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct)
{
    indent(out) << "public override int GetHashCode() {" << endl;
    indent_up();
    indent(out) << "int hashcode = 0;" << endl;
    indent(out) << "unchecked {" << endl;
    indent_up();
    const vector<t_field*>& fields = tstruct->get_members();
    vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;
    for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter)
    {
        t_type* ttype = (*f_iter)->get_type();
        indent(out) << "hashcode = (hashcode * 397) ^ ";
        if (field_is_required((*f_iter)))
        {
            out << "(";
        }
        else if (nullable_)
        {
            out << "(" << prop_name((*f_iter)) << " == null ? 0 : ";
        }
        else
        {
            out << "(!__isset." << normalize_name((*f_iter)->get_name()) << " ? 0 : ";
        }
        if (ttype->is_container())
        {
            out << "(TCollections.GetHashCode(" << prop_name((*f_iter)) << "))";
        }
        else
        {
            out << "(" << prop_name((*f_iter)) << ".GetHashCode())";
        }
        out << ");" << endl;
    }
    indent_down();
    indent(out) << "}" << endl;
    indent(out) << "return hashcode;" << endl;
    indent_down();
    indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_service(t_service* tservice)
{
    string f_service_name = namespace_dir_ + "/" + service_name_ + ".cs";
    f_service_.open(f_service_name.c_str());
    f_service_ << autogen_comment() << csharp_type_usings() << csharp_thrift_usings() << endl;
    start_csharp_namespace(f_service_);
    indent(f_service_) << "public partial class " << normalize_name(service_name_) << " {" << endl;
    indent_up();
    generate_service_interface(tservice);
    generate_service_client(tservice);
    generate_service_server(tservice);
    generate_service_helpers(tservice);
    indent_down();
    indent(f_service_) << "}" << endl;
    end_csharp_namespace(f_service_);
    f_service_.close();
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_service_interface(t_service* tservice)
{
    string extends = "";
    string extends_iface = "";
    if (tservice->get_extends() != NULL)
    {
        extends = type_name(tservice->get_extends());
        extends_iface = " : " + extends + ".Iface";
    }
    generate_csharp_doc(f_service_, tservice);
    if (wcf_)
    {
        indent(f_service_) << "[ServiceContract(Namespace=\"" << wcf_namespace_ << "\")]" << endl;
    }
    indent(f_service_) << "public interface Iface" << extends_iface << " {" << endl;
    indent_up();
    vector<t_function*> functions = tservice->get_functions();
    vector<t_function*>::iterator f_iter;
    for (f_iter = functions.begin(); f_iter != functions.end(); ++f_iter)
    {
        generate_csharp_doc(f_service_, *f_iter);
        // if we're using WCF, add the corresponding attributes
        if (wcf_)
        {
            indent(f_service_) << "[OperationContract]" << endl;
            const std::vector<t_field*>& xceptions = (*f_iter)->get_xceptions()->get_members();
            vector<t_field*>::const_iterator x_iter;
            for (x_iter = xceptions.begin(); x_iter != xceptions.end(); ++x_iter)
            {
                indent(f_service_) << "[FaultContract(typeof("
                                   + type_name((*x_iter)->get_type(), false, false) + "Fault))]" << endl;
            }
        }
        indent(f_service_) << function_signature(*f_iter) << ";" << endl;
        if (!async_)
        {
            indent(f_service_) << "#if SILVERLIGHT" << endl;
        }
        indent(f_service_) << function_signature_async_begin(*f_iter, "Begin_") << ";" << endl;
        indent(f_service_) << function_signature_async_end(*f_iter, "End_") << ";" << endl;
        if (async_ || async_ctp_)
        {
            indent(f_service_) << function_signature_async(*f_iter) << ";" << endl;
        }
        if (!async_)
        {
            indent(f_service_) << "#endif" << endl;
        }
    }
    indent_down();
    f_service_ << indent() << "}" << endl << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_service_helpers(t_service* tservice)
{
    vector<t_function*> functions = tservice->get_functions();
    vector<t_function*>::iterator f_iter;
    for (f_iter = functions.begin(); f_iter != functions.end(); ++f_iter)
    {
        t_struct* ts = (*f_iter)->get_arglist();
        generate_csharp_struct_definition(f_service_, ts, false, true);
        generate_function_helpers(*f_iter);
    }
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_service_client(t_service* tservice)
{
    string extends = "";
    string extends_client = "";
    if (tservice->get_extends() != NULL)
    {
        extends = type_name(tservice->get_extends());
        extends_client = extends + ".Client, ";
    }
    else
    {
        extends_client = "IDisposable, ";
    }
    generate_csharp_doc(f_service_, tservice);
    indent(f_service_) << "public class Client : " << extends_client << "Iface {" << endl;
    indent_up();
    indent(f_service_) << "public Client(TProtocol prot) : this(prot, prot)" << endl;
    scope_up(f_service_);
    scope_down(f_service_);
    f_service_ << endl;
    indent(f_service_) << "public Client(TProtocol iprot, TProtocol oprot)";
    if (!extends.empty())
    {
        f_service_ << " : base(iprot, oprot)";
    }
    f_service_ << endl;
    scope_up(f_service_);
    if (extends.empty())
    {
        f_service_ << indent() << "iprot_ = iprot;" << endl << indent() << "oprot_ = oprot;" << endl;
    }
    scope_down(f_service_);
    f_service_ << endl;
    if (extends.empty())
    {
        f_service_ << indent() << "protected TProtocol iprot_;" << endl << indent()
                   << "protected TProtocol oprot_;" << endl << indent() << "protected int seqid_;"
                   << endl << endl;
        f_service_ << indent() << "public TProtocol InputProtocol" << endl;
        scope_up(f_service_);
        indent(f_service_) << "get { return iprot_; }" << endl;
        scope_down(f_service_);
        f_service_ << indent() << "public TProtocol OutputProtocol" << endl;
        scope_up(f_service_);
        indent(f_service_) << "get { return oprot_; }" << endl;
        scope_down(f_service_);
        f_service_ << endl << endl;
        indent(f_service_) << "#region \" IDisposable Support \"" << endl;
        indent(f_service_) << "private bool _IsDisposed;" << endl << endl;
        indent(f_service_) << "// IDisposable" << endl;
        indent(f_service_) << "public void Dispose()" << endl;
        scope_up(f_service_);
        indent(f_service_) << "Dispose(true);" << endl;
        scope_down(f_service_);
        indent(f_service_) << endl << endl;
        indent(f_service_) << "protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)" << endl;
        scope_up(f_service_);
        indent(f_service_) << "if (!_IsDisposed)" << endl;
        scope_up(f_service_);
        indent(f_service_) << "if (disposing)" << endl;
        scope_up(f_service_);
        indent(f_service_) << "if (iprot_ != null)" << endl;
        scope_up(f_service_);
        indent(f_service_) << "((IDisposable)iprot_).Dispose();" << endl;
        scope_down(f_service_);
        indent(f_service_) << "if (oprot_ != null)" << endl;
        scope_up(f_service_);
        indent(f_service_) << "((IDisposable)oprot_).Dispose();" << endl;
        scope_down(f_service_);
        scope_down(f_service_);
        scope_down(f_service_);
        indent(f_service_) << "_IsDisposed = true;" << endl;
        scope_down(f_service_);
        indent(f_service_) << "#endregion" << endl;
        f_service_ << endl << endl;
    }
    vector<t_function*> functions = tservice->get_functions();
    vector<t_function*>::const_iterator f_iter;
    for (f_iter = functions.begin(); f_iter != functions.end(); ++f_iter)
    {
        string funname = (*f_iter)->get_name();
        indent(f_service_) << endl;
        if (!async_)
        {
            indent(f_service_) << "#if SILVERLIGHT" << endl;
        }
        // Begin_
        indent(f_service_) << "public " << function_signature_async_begin(*f_iter, "Begin_") << endl;
        scope_up(f_service_);
        indent(f_service_) << "return "
                           << "send_" << funname << "(callback, state";
        t_struct* arg_struct = (*f_iter)->get_arglist();
        prepare_member_name_mapping(arg_struct);
        const vector<t_field*>& fields = arg_struct->get_members();
        vector<t_field*>::const_iterator fld_iter;
        for (fld_iter = fields.begin(); fld_iter != fields.end(); ++fld_iter)
        {
            f_service_ << ", ";
            f_service_ << normalize_name((*fld_iter)->get_name());
        }
        f_service_ << ");" << endl;
        scope_down(f_service_);
        f_service_ << endl;
        // End
        indent(f_service_) << "public " << function_signature_async_end(*f_iter, "End_") << endl;
        scope_up(f_service_);
        indent(f_service_) << "oprot_.Transport.EndFlush(asyncResult);" << endl;
        if (!(*f_iter)->is_oneway())
        {
            f_service_ << indent();
            if (!(*f_iter)->get_returntype()->is_void())
            {
                f_service_ << "return ";
            }
            f_service_ << "recv_" << funname << "();" << endl;
        }
        scope_down(f_service_);
        f_service_ << endl;
        // async
        bool first;
        if (async_ || async_ctp_)
        {
            indent(f_service_) << "public async " << function_signature_async(*f_iter, "") << endl;
            scope_up(f_service_);
            if (!(*f_iter)->get_returntype()->is_void())
            {
                indent(f_service_) << type_name((*f_iter)->get_returntype()) << " retval;" << endl;
                indent(f_service_) << "retval = ";
            }
            else
            {
                indent(f_service_);
            }
            if (async_)
            {
                f_service_ << "await Task.Run(() =>" << endl;
            }
            else
            {
                f_service_ << "await TaskEx.Run(() =>" << endl;
            }
            scope_up(f_service_);
            indent(f_service_);
            if (!(*f_iter)->get_returntype()->is_void())
            {
                f_service_ << "return ";
            }
            f_service_ << funname << "(";
            first = true;
            for (fld_iter = fields.begin(); fld_iter != fields.end(); ++fld_iter)
            {
                if (first)
                {
                    first = false;
                }
                else
                {
                    f_service_ << ", ";
                }
                f_service_ << (*fld_iter)->get_name();
            }
            f_service_ << ");" << endl;
            indent_down();
            indent(f_service_) << "});" << endl;
            if (!(*f_iter)->get_returntype()->is_void())
            {
                indent(f_service_) << "return retval;" << endl;
            }
            scope_down(f_service_);
            f_service_ << endl;
        }
        if (!async_)
        {
            indent(f_service_) << "#endif" << endl << endl;
        }
        // "Normal" Synchronous invoke
        generate_csharp_doc(f_service_, *f_iter);
        indent(f_service_) << "public " << function_signature(*f_iter) << endl;
        scope_up(f_service_);
        if (!async_)
        {
            indent(f_service_) << "#if !SILVERLIGHT" << endl;
            indent(f_service_) << "send_" << funname << "(";
            first = true;
            for (fld_iter = fields.begin(); fld_iter != fields.end(); ++fld_iter)
            {
                if (first)
                {
                    first = false;
                }
                else
                {
                    f_service_ << ", ";
                }
                f_service_ << normalize_name((*fld_iter)->get_name());
            }
            f_service_ << ");" << endl;
            if (!(*f_iter)->is_oneway())
            {
                f_service_ << indent();
                if (!(*f_iter)->get_returntype()->is_void())
                {
                    f_service_ << "return ";
                }
                f_service_ << "recv_" << funname << "();" << endl;
            }
            f_service_ << endl;
            indent(f_service_) << "#else" << endl;
        }
        // Silverlight synchronous invoke
        indent(f_service_) << "var asyncResult = Begin_" << funname << "(null, null";
        for (fld_iter = fields.begin(); fld_iter != fields.end(); ++fld_iter)
        {
            f_service_ << ", " << normalize_name((*fld_iter)->get_name());
        }
        f_service_ << ");" << endl;
        if (!(*f_iter)->is_oneway())
        {
            f_service_ << indent();
            if (!(*f_iter)->get_returntype()->is_void())
            {
                f_service_ << "return ";
            }
            f_service_ << "End_" << funname << "(asyncResult);" << endl;
        }
        f_service_ << endl;
        if (!async_)
        {
            indent(f_service_) << "#endif" << endl;
        }
        scope_down(f_service_);
        // Send
        t_function send_function(g_type_void,
                                 string("send_") + (*f_iter)->get_name(),
                                 (*f_iter)->get_arglist());
        string argsname = (*f_iter)->get_name() + "_args";
        if (!async_)
        {
            indent(f_service_) << "#if SILVERLIGHT" << endl;
        }
        indent(f_service_) << "public " << function_signature_async_begin(&send_function) << endl;
        if (!async_)
        {
            indent(f_service_) << "#else" << endl;
            indent(f_service_) << "public " << function_signature(&send_function) << endl;
            indent(f_service_) << "#endif" << endl;
        }
        scope_up(f_service_);
        f_service_ << indent() << "oprot_.WriteMessageBegin(new TMessage(\"" << funname << "\", "
                   << ((*f_iter)->is_oneway() ? "TMessageType.Oneway" : "TMessageType.Call")
                   << ", seqid_));" << endl << indent() << argsname << " args = new " << argsname
                   << "();" << endl;
        for (fld_iter = fields.begin(); fld_iter != fields.end(); ++fld_iter)
        {
            f_service_ << indent() << "args." << prop_name(*fld_iter) << " = "
                       << normalize_name((*fld_iter)->get_name()) << ";" << endl;
        }
        f_service_ << indent() << "args.Write(oprot_);" << endl << indent()
                   << "oprot_.WriteMessageEnd();" << endl;
        ;
        if (!async_)
        {
            indent(f_service_) << "#if SILVERLIGHT" << endl;
        }
        indent(f_service_) << "return oprot_.Transport.BeginFlush(callback, state);" << endl;
        if (!async_)
        {
            indent(f_service_) << "#else" << endl;
            indent(f_service_) << "oprot_.Transport.Flush();" << endl;
            indent(f_service_) << "#endif" << endl;
        }
        cleanup_member_name_mapping(arg_struct);
        scope_down(f_service_);
        f_service_ << endl;
        if (!(*f_iter)->is_oneway())
        {
            string resultname = (*f_iter)->get_name() + "_result";
            t_struct noargs(program_);
            t_function recv_function((*f_iter)->get_returntype(),
                                     string("recv_") + (*f_iter)->get_name(),
                                     &noargs,
                                     (*f_iter)->get_xceptions());
            indent(f_service_) << "public " << function_signature(&recv_function) << endl;
            scope_up(f_service_);
            prepare_member_name_mapping((*f_iter)->get_xceptions());
            f_service_ << indent() << "TMessage msg = iprot_.ReadMessageBegin();" << endl << indent()
                       << "if (msg.Type == TMessageType.Exception) {" << endl;
            indent_up();
            f_service_ << indent() << "TApplicationException x = TApplicationException.Read(iprot_);"
                       << endl << indent() << "iprot_.ReadMessageEnd();" << endl << indent() << "throw x;"
                       << endl;
            indent_down();
            f_service_ << indent() << "}" << endl << indent() << resultname << " result = new "
                       << resultname << "();" << endl << indent() << "result.Read(iprot_);" << endl
                       << indent() << "iprot_.ReadMessageEnd();" << endl;
            if (!(*f_iter)->get_returntype()->is_void())
            {
                if (nullable_)
                {
                    if (type_can_be_null((*f_iter)->get_returntype()))
                    {
                        f_service_ << indent() << "if (result.Success != null) {" << endl << indent()
                                   << "  return result.Success;" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        f_service_ << indent() << "if (result.Success.HasValue) {" << endl << indent()
                                   << "  return result.Success.Value;" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    /*f_service_ << indent() << "if (result.__isset.success aaa) {" << endl << indent()
                               << "  return result.Success;" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl;*/
                    /*f_service_  << "  return result.Success;" << endl;*/
                    f_service_ << indent() << "if (result.__isset.success ) {" << endl << indent()
                               << "  return result.Success;" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl;
                    if ((*f_iter)->get_returntype()->is_bool())
                    {
                        f_service_ << indent() << "return false;" << endl;
                    }
                    else if ((*f_iter)->get_returntype()->is_string())
                    {
                        f_service_ << indent() << "return \"failed\";" << endl;
                    }
                    else if ((*f_iter)->get_returntype()->is_void())
                    {
                        f_service_ << indent() << "return ;" << endl;
                    }
                    else if ((*f_iter)->get_returntype()->is_struct())
                    {
                        f_service_ << indent() << "return null;" << endl;
                    }
                }
            }
            t_struct* xs = (*f_iter)->get_xceptions();
            const std::vector<t_field*>& xceptions = xs->get_members();
            vector<t_field*>::const_iterator x_iter;
            for (x_iter = xceptions.begin(); x_iter != xceptions.end(); ++x_iter)
            {
                if (nullable_)
                {
                    f_service_ << indent() << "if (result." << prop_name(*x_iter) << " != null) {" << endl
                               << indent() << "  throw result." << prop_name(*x_iter) << ";" << endl
                               << indent() << "}" << endl;
                }
                else
                {
                    f_service_ << indent() << "if (result.__isset." << normalize_name((*x_iter)->get_name())
                               << ") {" << endl << indent() << "  throw result." << prop_name(*x_iter) << ";"
                               << endl << indent() << "}" << endl;
                }
            }
            if ((*f_iter)->get_returntype()->is_void())
            {
                indent(f_service_) << "return;" << endl;
            }
            else
            {
                /*f_service_ << indent()
                           << "throw new "
                           "TApplicationException(TApplicationException.ExceptionType.MissingResult, \""
                           << (*f_iter)->get_name() << " failed: unknown result\");" << endl;*/
            }
            cleanup_member_name_mapping((*f_iter)->get_xceptions());
            scope_down(f_service_);
            f_service_ << endl;
        }
    }
    indent_down();
    indent(f_service_) << "}" << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_service_server(t_service* tservice)
{
    vector<t_function*> functions = tservice->get_functions();
    vector<t_function*>::iterator f_iter;
    string extends = "";
    string extends_processor = "";
    if (tservice->get_extends() != NULL)
    {
        extends = type_name(tservice->get_extends());
        extends_processor = extends + ".Processor, ";
    }
    indent(f_service_) << "public class Processor : " << extends_processor << "TProcessor {" << endl;
    indent_up();
    indent(f_service_) << "public Processor(Iface iface)";
    if (!extends.empty())
    {
        f_service_ << " : base(iface)";
    }
    f_service_ << endl;
    scope_up(f_service_);
    f_service_ << indent() << "iface_ = iface;" << endl;
    for (f_iter = functions.begin(); f_iter != functions.end(); ++f_iter)
    {
        f_service_ << indent() << "processMap_[\"" << (*f_iter)->get_name()
                   << "\"] = " << (*f_iter)->get_name() << "_Process;" << endl;
    }
    scope_down(f_service_);
    f_service_ << endl;
    if (extends.empty())
    {
        f_service_
                << indent()
                << "protected delegate void ProcessFunction(int seqid, TProtocol iprot, TProtocol oprot);"
                << endl;
    }
    f_service_ << indent() << "private Iface iface_;" << endl;
    if (extends.empty())
    {
        f_service_ << indent() << "protected Dictionary<string, ProcessFunction> processMap_ = new "
                   "Dictionary<string, ProcessFunction>();" << endl;
    }
    f_service_ << endl;
    if (extends.empty())
    {
        indent(f_service_) << "public bool Process(TProtocol iprot, TProtocol oprot)" << endl;
    }
    else
    {
        indent(f_service_) << "public new bool Process(TProtocol iprot, TProtocol oprot)" << endl;
    }
    scope_up(f_service_);
    f_service_ << indent() << "try" << endl;
    scope_up(f_service_);
    f_service_ << indent() << "TMessage msg = iprot.ReadMessageBegin();" << endl;
    f_service_
            << indent() << "ProcessFunction fn;" << endl << indent()
            << "processMap_.TryGetValue(msg.Name, out fn);" << endl << indent() << "if (fn == null) {"
            << endl << indent() << "  TProtocolUtil.Skip(iprot, TType.Struct);" << endl << indent()
            << "  iprot.ReadMessageEnd();" << endl << indent()
            << "  TApplicationException x = new TApplicationException "
            "(TApplicationException.ExceptionType.UnknownMethod, \"Invalid method name: '\" + "
            "msg.Name + \"'\");" << endl << indent()
            << "  oprot.WriteMessageBegin(new TMessage(msg.Name, TMessageType.Exception, msg.SeqID));"
            << endl << indent() << "  x.Write(oprot);" << endl << indent() << "  oprot.WriteMessageEnd();"
            << endl << indent() << "  oprot.Transport.Flush();" << endl << indent() << "  return true;"
            << endl << indent() << "}" << endl << indent() << "fn(msg.SeqID, iprot, oprot);" << endl;
    scope_down(f_service_);
    f_service_ << indent() << "catch (IOException)" << endl;
    scope_up(f_service_);
    f_service_ << indent() << "return false;" << endl;
    scope_down(f_service_);
    f_service_ << indent() << "return true;" << endl;
    scope_down(f_service_);
    f_service_ << endl;
    for (f_iter = functions.begin(); f_iter != functions.end(); ++f_iter)
    {
        generate_process_function(tservice, *f_iter);
    }
    indent_down();
    indent(f_service_) << "}" << endl << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_function_helpers(t_function* tfunction)
{
    if (tfunction->is_oneway())
    {
        return;
    }
    t_struct result(program_, tfunction->get_name() + "_result");
    t_field success(tfunction->get_returntype(), "success", 0);
    if (!tfunction->get_returntype()->is_void())
    {
        result.append(&success);
    }
    t_struct* xs = tfunction->get_xceptions();
    const vector<t_field*>& fields = xs->get_members();
    vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;
    for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter)
    {
        result.append(*f_iter);
    }
    generate_csharp_struct_definition(f_service_, &result, false, true, true);
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_process_function(t_service* tservice, t_function* tfunction)
{
    (void)tservice;
    indent(f_service_) << "public void " << tfunction->get_name()
                       << "_Process(int seqid, TProtocol iprot, TProtocol oprot)" << endl;
    scope_up(f_service_);
    string argsname = tfunction->get_name() + "_args";
    string resultname = tfunction->get_name() + "_result";
    f_service_ << indent() << argsname << " args = new " << argsname << "();" << endl << indent()
               << "args.Read(iprot);" << endl << indent() << "iprot.ReadMessageEnd();" << endl;
    t_struct* xs = tfunction->get_xceptions();
    const std::vector<t_field*>& xceptions = xs->get_members();
    vector<t_field*>::const_iterator x_iter;
    if (!tfunction->is_oneway())
    {
        f_service_ << indent() << resultname << " result = new " << resultname << "();" << endl;
    }
    if (xceptions.size() > 0)
    {
        f_service_ << indent() << "try {" << endl;
        indent_up();
    }
    t_struct* arg_struct = tfunction->get_arglist();
    const std::vector<t_field*>& fields = arg_struct->get_members();
    vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;
    f_service_ << indent();
    if (!tfunction->is_oneway() && !tfunction->get_returntype()->is_void())
    {
        f_service_ << "result.Success = ";
    }
    f_service_ << "iface_." << normalize_name(tfunction->get_name()) << "(";
    bool first = true;
    prepare_member_name_mapping(arg_struct);
    for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter)
    {
        if (first)
        {
            first = false;
        }
        else
        {
            f_service_ << ", ";
        }
        f_service_ << "args." << prop_name(*f_iter);
        if (nullable_ && !type_can_be_null((*f_iter)->get_type()))
        {
            f_service_ << ".Value";
        }
    }
    cleanup_member_name_mapping(arg_struct);
    f_service_ << ");" << endl;
    if (!tfunction->is_oneway() && xceptions.size() > 0)
    {
        indent_down();
        f_service_ << indent() << "}";
        prepare_member_name_mapping(xs);
        for (x_iter = xceptions.begin(); x_iter != xceptions.end(); ++x_iter)
        {
            f_service_ << " catch (" << type_name((*x_iter)->get_type(), false, false) << " "
                       << (*x_iter)->get_name() << ") {" << endl;
            if (!tfunction->is_oneway())
            {
                indent_up();
                f_service_ << indent() << "result." << prop_name(*x_iter) << " = " << (*x_iter)->get_name()
                           << ";" << endl;
                indent_down();
                f_service_ << indent() << "}";
            }
            else
            {
                f_service_ << "}";
            }
        }
        cleanup_member_name_mapping(xs);
        f_service_ << endl;
    }
    if (tfunction->is_oneway())
    {
        f_service_ << indent() << "return;" << endl;
        scope_down(f_service_);
        return;
    }
    f_service_ << indent() << "oprot.WriteMessageBegin(new TMessage(\"" << tfunction->get_name()
               << "\", TMessageType.Reply, seqid)); " << endl << indent() << "result.Write(oprot);"
               << endl << indent() << "oprot.WriteMessageEnd();" << endl << indent()
               << "oprot.Transport.Flush();" << endl;
    scope_down(f_service_);
    f_service_ << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_union_reader(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tunion)
{
    // Thanks to THRIFT-1768, we don't need to check for required fields in the union
    const vector<t_field*>& fields = tunion->get_members();
    vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;
    indent(out) << "public static " << tunion->get_name() << " Read(TProtocol iprot)" << endl;
    scope_up(out);
    indent(out) << tunion->get_name() << " retval;" << endl;
    indent(out) << "iprot.ReadStructBegin();" << endl;
    indent(out) << "TField field = iprot.ReadFieldBegin();" << endl;
    // we cannot have the first field be a stop -- we must have a single field defined
    indent(out) << "if (field.Type == TType.Stop)" << endl;
    scope_up(out);
    indent(out) << "iprot.ReadFieldEnd();" << endl;
    indent(out) << "retval = new ___undefined();" << endl;
    scope_down(out);
    indent(out) << "else" << endl;
    scope_up(out);
    indent(out) << "switch (field.ID)" << endl;
    scope_up(out);
    for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter)
    {
        indent(out) << "case " << (*f_iter)->get_key() << ":" << endl;
        indent_up();
        indent(out) << "if (field.Type == " << type_to_enum((*f_iter)->get_type()) << ") {" << endl;
        indent_up();
        indent(out) << type_name((*f_iter)->get_type()) << " temp;" << endl;
        generate_deserialize_field(out, (*f_iter), "temp", true);
        indent(out) << "retval = new " << (*f_iter)->get_name() << "(temp);" << endl;
        indent_down();
        out << indent() << "} else { " << endl << indent() << "  TProtocolUtil.Skip(iprot, field.Type);"
            << endl << indent() << "  retval = new ___undefined();" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl
            << indent() << "break;" << endl;
        indent_down();
    }
    indent(out) << "default: " << endl;
    indent_up();
    indent(out) << "TProtocolUtil.Skip(iprot, field.Type);" << endl << indent()
                << "retval = new ___undefined();" << endl;
    indent(out) << "break;" << endl;
    indent_down();
    scope_down(out);
    indent(out) << "iprot.ReadFieldEnd();" << endl;
    indent(out) << "if (iprot.ReadFieldBegin().Type != TType.Stop)" << endl;
    scope_up(out);
    indent(out) << "throw new TProtocolException(TProtocolException.INVALID_DATA);" << endl;
    scope_down(out);
    // end of else for TStop
    scope_down(out);
    indent(out) << "iprot.ReadStructEnd();" << endl;
    indent(out) << "return retval;" << endl;
    indent_down();
    indent(out) << "}" << endl << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_deserialize_field(ofstream& out,
        t_field* tfield,
        string prefix,
        bool is_propertyless)
{
    t_type* type = tfield->get_type();
    while (type->is_typedef())
    {
        type = ((t_typedef*)type)->get_type();
    }
    if (type->is_void())
    {
        throw "CANNOT GENERATE DESERIALIZE CODE FOR void TYPE: " + prefix + tfield->get_name();
    }
    string name = prefix + (is_propertyless ? "" : prop_name(tfield));
    if (type->is_struct() || type->is_xception())
    {
        generate_deserialize_struct(out, (t_struct*)type, name);
    }
    else if (type->is_container())
    {
        generate_deserialize_container(out, type, name);
    }
    else if (type->is_base_type() || type->is_enum())
    {
        indent(out) << name << " = ";
        if (type->is_enum())
        {
            out << "(" << type_name(type, false, true) << ")";
        }
        out << "iprot.";
        if (type->is_base_type())
        {
            t_base_type::t_base tbase = ((t_base_type*)type)->get_base();
            switch (tbase)
            {
            case t_base_type::TYPE_VOID:
                throw "compiler error: cannot serialize void field in a struct: " + name;
                break;
            case t_base_type::TYPE_STRING:
                if (((t_base_type*)type)->is_binary())
                {
                    out << "ReadBinary();";
                }
                else
                {
                    out << "ReadString();";
                }
                break;
            case t_base_type::TYPE_BOOL:
                out << "ReadBool();";
                break;
            case t_base_type::TYPE_BYTE:
                out << "ReadByte();";
                break;
            case t_base_type::TYPE_I16:
                out << "ReadI16();";
                break;
            case t_base_type::TYPE_I32:
                out << "ReadI32();";
                break;
            case t_base_type::TYPE_I64:
                out << "ReadI64();";
                break;
            case t_base_type::TYPE_DOUBLE:
                out << "ReadDouble();";
                break;
            default:
                throw "compiler error: no C# name for base type " + t_base_type::t_base_name(tbase);
            }
        }
        else if (type->is_enum())
        {
            out << "ReadI32();";
        }
        out << endl;
    }
    else
    {
        printf("DO NOT KNOW HOW TO DESERIALIZE FIELD '%s' TYPE '%s'\n",
               tfield->get_name().c_str(),
               type_name(type).c_str());
    }
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_deserialize_struct(ofstream& out,
        t_struct* tstruct,
        string prefix)
{
    if (union_ && tstruct->is_union())
    {
        out << indent() << prefix << " = " << type_name(tstruct) << ".Read(iprot);" << endl;
    }
    else
    {
        out << indent() << prefix << " = new " << type_name(tstruct) << "();" << endl << indent()
            << prefix << ".Read(iprot);" << endl;
    }
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_deserialize_container(ofstream& out,
        t_type* ttype,
        string prefix)
{
    scope_up(out);
    string obj;
    if (ttype->is_map())
    {
        obj = tmp("_map");
    }
    else if (ttype->is_set())
    {
        obj = tmp("_set");
    }
    else if (ttype->is_list())
    {
        obj = tmp("_list");
    }
    indent(out) << prefix << " = new " << type_name(ttype, false, true) << "();" << endl;
    if (ttype->is_map())
    {
        out << indent() << "TMap " << obj << " = iprot.ReadMapBegin();" << endl;
    }
    else if (ttype->is_set())
    {
        out << indent() << "TSet " << obj << " = iprot.ReadSetBegin();" << endl;
    }
    else if (ttype->is_list())
    {
        out << indent() << "TList " << obj << " = iprot.ReadListBegin();" << endl;
    }
    string i = tmp("_i");
    indent(out) << "for( int " << i << " = 0; " << i << " < " << obj << ".Count"
                << "; "
                << "++" << i << ")" << endl;
    scope_up(out);
    if (ttype->is_map())
    {
        generate_deserialize_map_element(out, (t_map*)ttype, prefix);
    }
    else if (ttype->is_set())
    {
        generate_deserialize_set_element(out, (t_set*)ttype, prefix);
    }
    else if (ttype->is_list())
    {
        generate_deserialize_list_element(out, (t_list*)ttype, prefix);
    }
    scope_down(out);
    if (ttype->is_map())
    {
        indent(out) << "iprot.ReadMapEnd();" << endl;
    }
    else if (ttype->is_set())
    {
        indent(out) << "iprot.ReadSetEnd();" << endl;
    }
    else if (ttype->is_list())
    {
        indent(out) << "iprot.ReadListEnd();" << endl;
    }
    scope_down(out);
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_deserialize_map_element(ofstream& out,
        t_map* tmap,
        string prefix)
{
    string key = tmp("_key");
    string val = tmp("_val");
    t_field fkey(tmap->get_key_type(), key);
    t_field fval(tmap->get_val_type(), val);
    indent(out) << declare_field(&fkey) << endl;
    indent(out) << declare_field(&fval) << endl;
    generate_deserialize_field(out, &fkey);
    generate_deserialize_field(out, &fval);
    indent(out) << prefix << "[" << key << "] = " << val << ";" << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_deserialize_set_element(ofstream& out,
        t_set* tset,
        string prefix)
{
    string elem = tmp("_elem");
    t_field felem(tset->get_elem_type(), elem);
    indent(out) << declare_field(&felem) << endl;
    generate_deserialize_field(out, &felem);
    indent(out) << prefix << ".Add(" << elem << ");" << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_deserialize_list_element(ofstream& out,
        t_list* tlist,
        string prefix)
{
    string elem = tmp("_elem");
    t_field felem(tlist->get_elem_type(), elem);
    indent(out) << declare_field(&felem) << endl;
    generate_deserialize_field(out, &felem);
    indent(out) << prefix << ".Add(" << elem << ");" << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_serialize_field(ofstream& out,
        t_field* tfield,
        string prefix,
        bool is_element,
        bool is_propertyless)
{
    t_type* type = tfield->get_type();
    while (type->is_typedef())
    {
        type = ((t_typedef*)type)->get_type();
    }
    string name = prefix + (is_propertyless ? "" : prop_name(tfield));
    if (type->is_void())
    {
        throw "CANNOT GENERATE SERIALIZE CODE FOR void TYPE: " + name;
    }
    if (type->is_struct() || type->is_xception())
    {
        generate_serialize_struct(out, (t_struct*)type, name);
    }
    else if (type->is_container())
    {
        generate_serialize_container(out, type, name);
    }
    else if (type->is_base_type() || type->is_enum())
    {
        indent(out) << "oprot.";
        string nullable_name = nullable_ && !is_element && !field_is_required(tfield) ? name + ".Value"
                               : name;
        if (type->is_base_type())
        {
            t_base_type::t_base tbase = ((t_base_type*)type)->get_base();
            switch (tbase)
            {
            case t_base_type::TYPE_VOID:
                throw "compiler error: cannot serialize void field in a struct: " + name;
                break;
            case t_base_type::TYPE_STRING:
                if (((t_base_type*)type)->is_binary())
                {
                    out << "WriteBinary(";
                }
                else
                {
                    out << "WriteString(";
                }
                out << name << ");";
                break;
            case t_base_type::TYPE_BOOL:
                out << "WriteBool(" << nullable_name << ");";
                break;
            case t_base_type::TYPE_BYTE:
                out << "WriteByte(" << nullable_name << ");";
                break;
            case t_base_type::TYPE_I16:
                out << "WriteI16(" << nullable_name << ");";
                break;
            case t_base_type::TYPE_I32:
                out << "WriteI32(" << nullable_name << ");";
                break;
            case t_base_type::TYPE_I64:
                out << "WriteI64(" << nullable_name << ");";
                break;
            case t_base_type::TYPE_DOUBLE:
                out << "WriteDouble(" << nullable_name << ");";
                break;
            default:
                throw "compiler error: no C# name for base type " + t_base_type::t_base_name(tbase);
            }
        }
        else if (type->is_enum())
        {
            out << "WriteI32((int)" << nullable_name << ");";
        }
        out << endl;
    }
    else
    {
        printf("DO NOT KNOW HOW TO SERIALIZE '%s%s' TYPE '%s'\n",
               prefix.c_str(),
               tfield->get_name().c_str(),
               type_name(type).c_str());
    }
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_serialize_struct(ofstream& out,
        t_struct* tstruct,
        string prefix)
{
    (void)tstruct;
    out << indent() << prefix << ".Write(oprot);" << endl;
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_serialize_container(ofstream& out, t_type* ttype, string prefix)
{
    scope_up(out);
    if (ttype->is_map())
    {
        indent(out) << "oprot.WriteMapBegin(new TMap(" << type_to_enum(((t_map*)ttype)->get_key_type())
                    << ", " << type_to_enum(((t_map*)ttype)->get_val_type()) << ", " << prefix
                    << ".Count));" << endl;
    }
    else if (ttype->is_set())
    {
        indent(out) << "oprot.WriteSetBegin(new TSet(" << type_to_enum(((t_set*)ttype)->get_elem_type())
                    << ", " << prefix << ".Count));" << endl;
    }
    else if (ttype->is_list())
    {
        indent(out) << "oprot.WriteListBegin(new TList("
                    << type_to_enum(((t_list*)ttype)->get_elem_type()) << ", " << prefix << ".Count));"
                    << endl;
    }
    string iter = tmp("_iter");
    if (ttype->is_map())
    {
        indent(out) << "foreach (" << type_name(((t_map*)ttype)->get_key_type()) << " " << iter
                    << " in " << prefix << ".Keys)";
    }
    else if (ttype->is_set())
    {
        indent(out) << "foreach (" << type_name(((t_set*)ttype)->get_elem_type()) << " " << iter
                    << " in " << prefix << ")";
    }
    else if (ttype->is_list())
    {
        indent(out) << "foreach (" << type_name(((t_list*)ttype)->get_elem_type()) << " " << iter
                    << " in " << prefix << ")";
    }
    out << endl;
    scope_up(out);
    if (ttype->is_map())
    {
        generate_serialize_map_element(out, (t_map*)ttype, iter, prefix);
    }
    else if (ttype->is_set())
    {
        generate_serialize_set_element(out, (t_set*)ttype, iter);
    }
    else if (ttype->is_list())
    {
        generate_serialize_list_element(out, (t_list*)ttype, iter);
    }
    scope_down(out);
    if (ttype->is_map())
    {
        indent(out) << "oprot.WriteMapEnd();" << endl;
    }
    else if (ttype->is_set())
    {
        indent(out) << "oprot.WriteSetEnd();" << endl;
    }
    else if (ttype->is_list())
    {
        indent(out) << "oprot.WriteListEnd();" << endl;
    }
    scope_down(out);
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_serialize_map_element(ofstream& out,
        t_map* tmap,
        string iter,
        string map)
{
    t_field kfield(tmap->get_key_type(), iter);
    generate_serialize_field(out, &kfield, "", true);
    t_field vfield(tmap->get_val_type(), map + "[" + iter + "]");
    generate_serialize_field(out, &vfield, "", true);
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_serialize_set_element(ofstream& out, t_set* tset, string iter)
{
    t_field efield(tset->get_elem_type(), iter);
    generate_serialize_field(out, &efield, "", true);
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_serialize_list_element(ofstream& out,
        t_list* tlist,
        string iter)
{
    t_field efield(tlist->get_elem_type(), iter);
    generate_serialize_field(out, &efield, "", true);
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_property(ofstream& out,
        t_field* tfield,
        bool isPublic,
        bool generateIsset)
{
    generate_csharp_property(out, tfield, isPublic, generateIsset, "_");
}
void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_property(ofstream& out,
        t_field* tfield,
        bool isPublic,
        bool generateIsset,
        std::string fieldPrefix)
{
    if ((serialize_ || wcf_) && isPublic)
    {
        indent(out) << "[DataMember(Order = 0)]" << endl;
    }
    bool has_default = field_has_default(tfield);
    bool is_required = field_is_required(tfield);
    if ((nullable_ && !has_default) || (is_required))
    {
        indent(out) << (isPublic ? "public " : "private ")
                    << type_name(tfield->get_type(), false, false, true, is_required) << " "
                    << prop_name(tfield) << " { get; set; }" << endl;
    }
    else
    {
        indent(out) << (isPublic ? "public " : "private ")
                    << type_name(tfield->get_type(), false, false, true) << " " << prop_name(tfield)
                    << endl;
        scope_up(out);
        indent(out) << "get" << endl;
        scope_up(out);
        bool use_nullable = false;
        if (nullable_)
        {
            t_type* ttype = tfield->get_type();
            while (ttype->is_typedef())
            {
                ttype = ((t_typedef*)ttype)->get_type();
            }
            if (ttype->is_base_type())
            {
                use_nullable = ((t_base_type*)ttype)->get_base() != t_base_type::TYPE_STRING;
            }
        }
        indent(out) << "return " << fieldPrefix + tfield->get_name() << ";" << endl;
        scope_down(out);
        indent(out) << "set" << endl;
        scope_up(out);
        if (use_nullable)
        {
            if (generateIsset)
            {
                indent(out) << "__isset." << normalize_name(tfield->get_name()) << " = value.HasValue;"
                            << endl;
            }
            indent(out) << "if (value.HasValue) this." << fieldPrefix + tfield->get_name()
                        << " = value.Value;" << endl;
        }
        else
        {
            if (generateIsset)
            {
                indent(out) << "__isset." << normalize_name(tfield->get_name()) << " = true;" << endl;
            }
            indent(out) << "this." << fieldPrefix + tfield->get_name() << " = value;" << endl;
        }
        scope_down(out);
        scope_down(out);
    }
    out << endl;
}

std::string t_csharp_generator::make_valid_csharp_identifier(std::string const& fromName)
{
    std::string str = fromName;
    if (str.empty())
    {
        return str;
    }
    // tests rely on this
    assert(('A' < 'Z') && ('a' < 'z') && ('0' < '9'));
    // if the first letter is a number, we add an additional underscore in front of it
    char c = str.at(0);
    if (('0' <= c) && (c <= '9'))
    {
        str = "_" + str;
    }
    // following chars: letter, number or underscore
    for (size_t i = 0; i < str.size(); ++i)
    {
        c = str.at(i);
        if ((('A' > c) || (c > 'Z')) && (('a' > c) || (c > 'z')) && (('0' > c) || (c > '9'))
                && ('_' != c))
        {
            str.replace(i, 1, "_");
        }
    }
    return str;
}

void t_csharp_generator::cleanup_member_name_mapping(void* scope)
{
    if (member_mapping_scope != scope)
    {
        if (member_mapping_scope == NULL)
        {
            throw "internal error: cleanup_member_name_mapping() not active";
        }
        else
        {
            throw "internal error: cleanup_member_name_mapping() called for wrong struct";
        }
    }
    member_mapping_scope = NULL;
    member_name_mapping.clear();
}

string t_csharp_generator::get_mapped_member_name(string name)
{
    map<string, string>::iterator iter = member_name_mapping.find(name);
    if (member_name_mapping.end() != iter)
    {
        return iter->second;
    }
    pverbose("no mapping for member %s\n", name.c_str());
    return name;
}

void t_csharp_generator::prepare_member_name_mapping(t_struct* tstruct)
{
    prepare_member_name_mapping(tstruct, tstruct->get_members(), tstruct->get_name());
}

void t_csharp_generator::prepare_member_name_mapping(void* scope,
        const vector<t_field*>& members,
        const string& structname)
{
    if (member_mapping_scope != NULL)
    {
        if (member_mapping_scope != scope)
        {
            throw "internal error: prepare_member_name_mapping() already active for different struct";
        }
        else
        {
            throw "internal error: prepare_member_name_mapping() already active for this struct";
        }
    }
    member_mapping_scope = scope;
    member_name_mapping.clear();
    std::set<std::string> used_member_names;
    vector<t_field*>::const_iterator iter;
    // current C# generator policy:
    // - prop names are always rendered with an Uppercase first letter
    // - struct names are used as given
    for (iter = members.begin(); iter != members.end(); ++iter)
    {
        string oldname = (*iter)->get_name();
        string newname = prop_name(*iter, true);
        while (true)
        {
            // name conflicts with struct (CS0542 error)
            if (structname.compare(newname) == 0)
            {
                pverbose("struct %s: member %s conflicts with struct (preventing CS0542)\n",
                         structname.c_str(),
                         newname.c_str());
                newname += '_';
            }
            // new name conflicts with another member
            if (used_member_names.find(newname) != used_member_names.end())
            {
                pverbose("struct %s: member %s conflicts with another member\n",
                         structname.c_str(),
                         newname.c_str());
                newname += '_';
                continue;
            }
            // add always, this helps us to detect edge cases like
            // different spellings ("foo" and "Foo") within the same struct
            pverbose("struct %s: member mapping %s => %s\n",
                     structname.c_str(),
                     oldname.c_str(),
                     newname.c_str());
            member_name_mapping[oldname] = newname;
            used_member_names.insert(newname);
            break;
        }
    }
}

std::string t_csharp_generator::prop_name(t_field* tfield, bool suppress_mapping)
{
    string name(tfield->get_name());
    if (suppress_mapping)
    {
        name[0] = toupper(name[0]);
    }
    else
    {
        name = get_mapped_member_name(name);
    }
    return name;
}

string t_csharp_generator::type_name(t_type* ttype,
                                     bool in_container,
                                     bool in_init,
                                     bool in_param,
                                     bool is_required)
{
    (void)in_init;
    while (ttype->is_typedef())
    {
        ttype = ((t_typedef*)ttype)->get_type();
    }
    if (ttype->is_base_type())
    {
        return base_type_name((t_base_type*)ttype, in_container, in_param, is_required);
    }
    else if (ttype->is_map())
    {
        t_map* tmap = (t_map*)ttype;
        return "Dictionary<" + type_name(tmap->get_key_type(), true) + ", "
               + type_name(tmap->get_val_type(), true) + ">";
    }
    else if (ttype->is_set())
    {
        t_set* tset = (t_set*)ttype;
        return "THashSet<" + type_name(tset->get_elem_type(), true) + ">";
    }
    else if (ttype->is_list())
    {
        t_list* tlist = (t_list*)ttype;
        return "List<" + type_name(tlist->get_elem_type(), true) + ">";
    }
    t_program* program = ttype->get_program();
    string postfix = (!is_required && nullable_ && in_param && ttype->is_enum()) ? "?" : "";
    if (program != NULL && program != program_)
    {
        string ns = program->get_namespace("csharp");
        if (!ns.empty())
        {
            return ns + "." + normalize_name(ttype->get_name()) + postfix;
        }
    }
    return normalize_name(ttype->get_name()) + postfix;
}

string t_csharp_generator::base_type_name(t_base_type* tbase,
        bool in_container,
        bool in_param,
        bool is_required)
{
    (void)in_container;
    string postfix = (!is_required && nullable_ && in_param) ? "?" : "";
    switch (tbase->get_base())
    {
    case t_base_type::TYPE_VOID:
        return "void";
    case t_base_type::TYPE_STRING:
        if (tbase->is_binary())
        {
            return "byte[]";
        }
        else
        {
            return "string";
        }
    case t_base_type::TYPE_BOOL:
        return "bool" + postfix;
    case t_base_type::TYPE_BYTE:
        return "sbyte" + postfix;
    case t_base_type::TYPE_I16:
        return "short" + postfix;
    case t_base_type::TYPE_I32:
        return "int" + postfix;
    case t_base_type::TYPE_I64:
        return "long" + postfix;
    case t_base_type::TYPE_DOUBLE:
        return "double" + postfix;
    default:
        throw "compiler error: no C# name for base type " + t_base_type::t_base_name(tbase->get_base());
    }
}

string t_csharp_generator::declare_field(t_field* tfield, bool init, std::string prefix)
{
    string result = type_name(tfield->get_type()) + " " + prefix + tfield->get_name();
    if (init)
    {
        t_type* ttype = tfield->get_type();
        while (ttype->is_typedef())
        {
            ttype = ((t_typedef*)ttype)->get_type();
        }
        if (ttype->is_base_type() && field_has_default(tfield))
        {
            ofstream dummy;
            result += " = " + render_const_value(dummy, tfield->get_name(), ttype, tfield->get_value());
        }
        else if (ttype->is_base_type())
        {
            t_base_type::t_base tbase = ((t_base_type*)ttype)->get_base();
            switch (tbase)
            {
            case t_base_type::TYPE_VOID:
                throw "NO T_VOID CONSTRUCT";
            case t_base_type::TYPE_STRING:
                result += " = null";
                break;
            case t_base_type::TYPE_BOOL:
                result += " = false";
                break;
            case t_base_type::TYPE_BYTE:
            case t_base_type::TYPE_I16:
            case t_base_type::TYPE_I32:
            case t_base_type::TYPE_I64:
                result += " = 0";
                break;
            case t_base_type::TYPE_DOUBLE:
                result += " = (double)0";
                break;
            }
        }
        else if (ttype->is_enum())
        {
            result += " = (" + type_name(ttype, false, true) + ")0";
        }
        else if (ttype->is_container())
        {
            result += " = new " + type_name(ttype, false, true) + "()";
        }
        else
        {
            result += " = new " + type_name(ttype, false, true) + "()";
        }
    }
    return result + ";";
}

string t_csharp_generator::function_signature(t_function* tfunction, string prefix)
{
    t_type* ttype = tfunction->get_returntype();
    return type_name(ttype) + " " + normalize_name(prefix + tfunction->get_name()) + "("
           + argument_list(tfunction->get_arglist()) + ")";
}

string t_csharp_generator::function_signature_async_begin(t_function* tfunction, string prefix)
{
    string comma = (tfunction->get_arglist()->get_members().size() > 0 ? ", " : "");
    return "IAsyncResult " + normalize_name(prefix + tfunction->get_name())
           + "(AsyncCallback callback, object state" + comma + argument_list(tfunction->get_arglist())
           + ")";
}

string t_csharp_generator::function_signature_async_end(t_function* tfunction, string prefix)
{
    t_type* ttype = tfunction->get_returntype();
    return type_name(ttype) + " " + normalize_name(prefix + tfunction->get_name())
           + "(IAsyncResult asyncResult)";
}

string t_csharp_generator::function_signature_async(t_function* tfunction, string prefix)
{
    t_type* ttype = tfunction->get_returntype();
    string task = "Task";
    if (!ttype->is_void())
    {
        task += "<" + type_name(ttype) + ">";
    }
    return task + " " + normalize_name(prefix + tfunction->get_name()) + "Async("
           + argument_list(tfunction->get_arglist()) + ")";
}

string t_csharp_generator::argument_list(t_struct* tstruct)
{
    string result = "";
    const vector<t_field*>& fields = tstruct->get_members();
    vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;
    bool first = true;
    for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter)
    {
        if (first)
        {
            first = false;
        }
        else
        {
            result += ", ";
        }
        result += type_name((*f_iter)->get_type()) + " " + normalize_name((*f_iter)->get_name());
    }
    return result;
}

string t_csharp_generator::type_to_enum(t_type* type)
{
    while (type->is_typedef())
    {
        type = ((t_typedef*)type)->get_type();
    }
    if (type->is_base_type())
    {
        t_base_type::t_base tbase = ((t_base_type*)type)->get_base();
        switch (tbase)
        {
        case t_base_type::TYPE_VOID:
            throw "NO T_VOID CONSTRUCT";
        case t_base_type::TYPE_STRING:
            return "TType.String";
        case t_base_type::TYPE_BOOL:
            return "TType.Bool";
        case t_base_type::TYPE_BYTE:
            return "TType.Byte";
        case t_base_type::TYPE_I16:
            return "TType.I16";
        case t_base_type::TYPE_I32:
            return "TType.I32";
        case t_base_type::TYPE_I64:
            return "TType.I64";
        case t_base_type::TYPE_DOUBLE:
            return "TType.Double";
        }
    }
    else if (type->is_enum())
    {
        return "TType.I32";
    }
    else if (type->is_struct() || type->is_xception())
    {
        return "TType.Struct";
    }
    else if (type->is_map())
    {
        return "TType.Map";
    }
    else if (type->is_set())
    {
        return "TType.Set";
    }
    else if (type->is_list())
    {
        return "TType.List";
    }
    throw "INVALID TYPE IN type_to_enum: " + type->get_name();
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_docstring_comment(ofstream& out, string contents)
{
    generate_docstring_comment(out, "/// <summary>\n", "/// ", contents, "/// </summary>\n");
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_doc(ofstream& out, t_field* field)
{
    if (field->get_type()->is_enum())
    {
        string combined_message = field->get_doc() + "\n<seealso cref=\""
                                  + get_enum_class_name(field->get_type()) + "\"/>";
        generate_csharp_docstring_comment(out, combined_message);
    }
    else
    {
        generate_csharp_doc(out, (t_doc*)field);
    }
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_doc(ofstream& out, t_doc* tdoc)
{
    if (tdoc->has_doc())
    {
        generate_csharp_docstring_comment(out, tdoc->get_doc());
    }
}

void t_csharp_generator::generate_csharp_doc(ofstream& out, t_function* tfunction)
{
    if (tfunction->has_doc())
    {
        stringstream ps;
        const vector<t_field*>& fields = tfunction->get_arglist()->get_members();
        vector<t_field*>::const_iterator p_iter;
        for (p_iter = fields.begin(); p_iter != fields.end(); ++p_iter)
        {
            t_field* p = *p_iter;
            ps << "\n<param name=\"" << p->get_name() << "\">";
            if (p->has_doc())
            {
                std::string str = p->get_doc();
                str.erase(std::remove(str.begin(), str.end(), '\n'),
                          str.end()); // remove the newlines that appear from the parser
                ps << str;
            }
            ps << "</param>";
        }
        generate_docstring_comment(out,
                                   "",
                                   "/// ",
                                   "<summary>\n" + tfunction->get_doc() + "</summary>" + ps.str(),
                                   "");
    }
}

std::string t_csharp_generator::get_enum_class_name(t_type* type)
{
    string package = "";
    t_program* program = type->get_program();
    if (program != NULL && program != program_)
    {
        package = program->get_namespace("csharp") + ".";
    }
    return package + type->get_name();
}

THRIFT_REGISTER_GENERATOR(
    csharp,
    "C#",
    "    async:           Adds Async support using Task.Run.\n"
    "    asyncctp:        Adds Async CTP support using TaskEx.Run.\n"
    "    wcf:             Adds bindings for WCF to generated classes.\n"
    "    serial:          Add serialization support to generated classes.\n"
    "    nullable:        Use nullable types for properties.\n"
    "    hashcode:        Generate a hashcode and equals implementation for classes.\n"
    "    union:           Use new union typing, which includes a static read function for union "
    "types.\n")


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Thrift简介
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JSON 前端开发 JavaScript
thrift 安装及入门
thrift 安装及入门
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thrift 安装及入门
序列化工具 - Thrift安装配置与使用
序列化工具 - Thrift安装配置与使用
序列化工具 - Thrift安装配置与使用
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JSON 网络协议 Java
thrift 原理浅析
thrift 原理浅析
356 0
thrift 原理浅析
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编译器 Apache
Thrift架构与使用方法
Thrift架构与使用方法
258 0
Thrift架构与使用方法
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Java 测试技术
Thrift源码解析--TBinaryProtocol
本文为原创:http://www.cnblogs.com/leehfly/p/4958206.html,未经许可禁止转载。 关于Tprotocol层都是一些通信协议,个人感觉内容较大,很难分类描述清楚。
1453 0
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网络协议
Thrift源码解析--transport
这一层主要是用于实现网络通信,现在都是基于Tcp/Ip,而Tcp/Ip协议栈由socket来实现,换句话说就是现在网络通信服务底层大都是通过socket实现的,在thrift源码中,就是将socket包装成各种transport来使用。
785 0
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Java C# C++
Thrift简析
Thrift源于大名鼎鼎的facebook之手,在2007年facebook提交Apache基金会将Thrift作为一个开源项目,对于当时的facebook来说创造thrift是为了解决facebook系统中各系统间大数据量的传输通信以及系统之间语言环境不同需要跨平台的特性。
1117 0