2017年10月,360网络安全研究院监控到一个大规模攻击OrientDB 数据库服务器,挖取门罗币(XMR,Monero CryptoCurrency)的僵尸网络,并将其命名为 DDG 挖矿僵尸网络 (DDG Mining Botnet,以下简称 DDG)。DDG 累积挖取的门罗币数目较大,到2018年2月,能够确认该僵尸网络累积挖取的已经超过 3,395枚门罗币,折合人民币超过580万元 。DDG一跃成为继MyKings之后,收益第二大的挖矿僵尸网络。(详细分析见:https://blog.netlab.360.com/ddg-a-mining-botnet-aiming-at-database-server/)
近期,360注意到该家族发布了新的版本 3011 ,在该更新版本部署的过程中,引发了端口 7379 及相关端口上的扫描流量异常。该版本中启用了新的钱包,其在 2 个矿池里累计收益已经超过 1,419 枚 XMR,折合人民币近180万元。迄今,长期运营的DDG从数据库服务器中攫取的挖矿收益已达近800万人民币。
DDG 3011版本简介
值得注意的是,DDG僵尸网络的新版本可能还处于测试阶段,或者只是一个过渡版本。
DDG 3011 版本的概要特征如下:
·启用了新的 XMR 钱包地址
42d4D8pASAWghyTmUS8a9yZyErA4WB18TJ6Xd2rZt9HBio2aPmAAVpHcPM8yoDEYD9Fy7eRvPJhR7SKFyTaFbSYCNZ2t3ik ;
·挖矿程序变更为 2t3ik ,但命名规则没有变化,仍然是钱包地址的末尾 5 位;
·启用多个矿池,这应该被理解成为一种失效保护机制;
·样本的编写语言由旧的 Go1.9.2 换成了 Go1.10,并在代码结构、第三方库和自身功能方面进行较大改动;
·启用了云端配置文件,可以由云端配置文件指定要扫描的服务端口、矿机程序下载链接、本地样本更新数据等等;
·相同的持久驻留机制:将 i.sh 脚本写入到 Crontab 中定期更新、运行。
7379 及相关端口上的扫描流量异常
近期,我们的 ScanMon 系统显示 Redis 服务相关端口的扫描流量骤增,如下:
图1
上图中,与该扫描相关的关联端口共计 7 个,分别是 :
·Redis 相关的三个:6379, 6380, 7379
·SSH 相关的三个:22, 2222, 22222
·HTTP 相关的一个:8000
我们在本文后续的样本分析环节中可以发现,DDG 新版本 ddgs.3011 的扫描模式与上述 ScanMon 观察到的现象非常契合。这足以证明,DDG 最新版本的活动引起了本轮 7379 及相关端口上的扫描行为。
样本执行流程
我们捕获了这次事件相关的核心样本:
图2
该样本的执行流程如下:
图3
新旧样本最明显的相似之处,是通过把 i.sh 脚本植入到 Linux 系统肉鸡的 Crontab 中来实现持久驻留。新 i.sh 脚本内容如下:
图4
图5
ddgs.i686 通过 SSH / Redis 服务暴破、未授权访问来入侵主机,暴破词典如下:
图6
ddgs.i686 还会在失陷主机本地的 /var/spool/cron/crontabs/root 或者 /var/spool/cron/crontabs 处写入定时任务脚本,从云端下载最新的 i.sh 脚本定时执行( %s 处为最新的 i.sh 下载链接),实现持久驻留:
图7
然后,ddgs.i686 会尝试在当前肉鸡的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 中注入以下 SSH Pub Key:
图8
ddgs.i686 样本中内置了一个 ip:port 的 List,其中 2 个主要的 165.225.157.157:8000 和 165.227.149.151:8000 ,其他算是备用,全部列表见文末 IoC 部分。
样本 ddgs.i686 启动之后,会依次连接上述 ip:port 检查是否可以访问:
图9
对每个成功握手的 ip:port ,ddgs.i686 都会尝试向 hxxp://<C2:8000>/slave 发送 HTTP POST 请求:
图10
如果 C2 正常工作,则会返回一串用 msgPack 序列化编码后的配置文件数据:
图11
由于这串数据自定义了复杂的数据结构,没能成功完美解码,经过 msgPack 通用反序列化再大概还原后如下:
图12
图13
图14
图15
图16
结合配置文件和样本分析,可以发现以下几个关键点:
1.配置文件中提供了 Miner 程序的 URI、MD5 和保存到当前肉鸡的文件路径。ddgs.i686 会根据 URI,通过 HTTP GET 请求从 http://<C2:8000>/Miner_URI 处下载 Miner 程序并另存到指定路径;
2.配置文件中提供了最新的 i.sh 文件下载路径,ddgs.i686 会把这个路径填充到定时任务的命令字串中;
3.配置文件中指定了要扫描的 dstport,可以看到针对 Redis 服务,指定 ddgs.i686 扫描 (6379, 6380, 7379) 三个端口,针对 SSH 服务,指定扫描 (22, 2222, 22222) 三个端口。(这里可以解释 ScanMon 上 7 个端口之间的伴生关系。但 Redis 服务相关的 3 个端口与 SSH 服务相关的 3 个端口之间 Shared scip 数量比较少,原因可能跟蜜罐部署以及蜜罐的网络配置有关)
4.配置文件中的 GenLan / GenAAA 对应生成 Scan Target IP 的生成策略。样本中的 Scan Target IP 生成策略仍然同于旧版本的 ddg.miner:
生成的内网网段 Target IP 范围如下:
·10.Y.x.x/16 (Y 为当前内网 IP B 段的值)
·172.16.x.x/16
·192.168.x.x/16
当前主机的公网 IP 地址 WAN_IP ,然后在 WAN_IP/8 范围内生成公网网段 Target IP 。
但是样本内有个扫描控制策略,从行为上看,针对内网 Target IP ,只扫描 SSH 服务相关的 3 个端口,我的虚拟机上运行结果只会扫 SSH 服务,看起来只有获取到了网卡的外网地址,才会针对外网的 Target IP 扫描 Redis 相关的端口。
5.配置文件中给出了 ddgs 样本的更新配置:最新的版本号、本地另存的文件路径、C2 端下载的 URI 以及样本的 MD5,本地已有的 ddgs.i686 样本会根据这些信息对本地样本进行更新。
挖矿
样本获取配置文件后,会根据配置文件中 Miner 的信息,去下载 2t3ik.p 和 2t3ik.m 到当前失陷主机的 /tmp/ 目录。这两个文件是 XMRig 2.5.2 编译的矿机程序,具体区别不明,关键信息都一致:
·钱包地址(新出现):
42d4D8pASAWghyTmUS8a9yZyErA4WB18TJ6Xd2rZt9HBio2aPmAAVpHcPM8yoDEYD9Fy7eRvPJhR7SKFyTaFbSYCNZ2t3ik
·涉及的矿池:
·47.90.204.154
·hk02.supportxmr.com
·pool.supportxmr.com
·xmr-asia1.nanopool.org
·xmr-us-west1.nanopool.org
其中 47.90.204.154:443 是首选矿池地址,但会 Reset 掉网络请求,该主机位于 阿里云 ,猜测是团伙背后的 Miner Report C&C 主机;
·在矿池 supportxmr.com 中的 TotalPaid 为 150.5194868540 XMR ,按当前市价折合人民币 181,311.3 ￥ ;
·在矿池 nanopool.org 中TotalPaid: 1268.5880545439 XMR ,按当前市价折合人民币 1527,519.6￥。
3011 是一个测试或过渡版本
最后值得一提的是,ddgs.i686 是 32bit ELF 文件,而它下载到的 2t3ik.p 和 2t3ik.m 都是 64bit ELF 文件,这样一来,在真实环境中,矿机程序并没有办法运行。而且,版本 3011 只有hxxp://165.225.157.157:8000/static/3011/ddgs.i686 这一个核心样本,不像版本 3010 ,同时存在 ddgs.i686 和 ddgs.x86_64 两个核心样本。所以,可以认为版本 3011 目前处于测试阶段,或者只是一个过渡版本。
IoC
Sample
md5=9ebf7fc39efe7c553989d54965ebb468 uri=hxxp://165.225.157.157:8000/static/imWBR1
md5=d3b1700a413924743caab1460129396b uri=hxxp://165.225.157.157:8000/static/wnTKYg
md5=8eaf1f18c006e6ecacfb1adb0ef7faee uri=hxxp://165.225.157.157:8000/static/wnTKYg.noaes
md5=754487fd92e282c98acf6528604049aa uri=hxxp://165.225.157.157:8000/static/imWBR1.ig
md5=52f06ca981a6e6cbc89b095ea6db1bf9 uri=hxxp://165.225.157.157:8000/static/2t3ik.s
md5=b44bce2047f2254e5e7e8b0730caae2e uri=hxxp://165.225.157.157:8000/static/2t3ik.p
md5=54259015b8ead37ac66da056769520db uri=hxxp://165.225.157.157:8000/static/2t3ik.m
md5=76e8d7bf408b3b6ebd13d6b292519742 uri=hxxp://165.225.157.157:8000/static/2t3ik
md5=999fc24f53034b4c73866a0699be15fa uri=hxxp://165.225.157.157:8000/static/3011/ddgs.i686
md5=8ab02497219bda76c959f86386a2c363 uri=hxxp://165.225.157.157:8000/static/3010/ddgs.i686
md5=45774309c72839d6d4303024059e7070 uri=hxxp://165.225.157.157:8000/static/3010/ddgs.x86_64
md5=884a57a0e4f9d222117aeca111095d7a uri=hxxp://165.225.157.157:8000/i.sh
Full IP List
Main C2 –> 165.225.157.157:8000 United States/US San Francisco "AS26464 Joyent, Inc."
Main C2 –> 165.227.149.151:8000 Germany/DE Frankfurt am Main "AS14061 DigitalOcean, LLC"
47.93.8.34:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.2.72:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.3.27:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
58.57.65.8:8000 China/CN Jinan "AS4134 No.31,Jin-rong Street"
47.52.57.82:8000 Hong Kong/HK "AS45102 Alibaba (China) Technology Co., Ltd."
47.89.242.3:8000 United States/US San Mateo "AS45102 Alibaba (China) Technology Co., Ltd."
47.93.23.55:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.93.42.11:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.93.54.50:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.93.61.56:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.93.62.70:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.93.63.53:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.93.7.200:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.93.7.246:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.93.8.225:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.93.9.192:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.133.2:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.14.49:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.15.37:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.17.24:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.4.107:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.5.120:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.7.232:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.91.57:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.95.83:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
112.35.27.86:8000 China/CN "AS9808 Guangdong Mobile Communication Co.Ltd."
210.61.12.12:8000 Taiwan/TW "AS3462 Data Communication Business Group"
47.52.26.128:8000 Hong Kong/HK "AS45102 Alibaba (China) Technology Co., Ltd."
47.52.35.111:8000 Hong Kong/HK "AS45102 Alibaba (China) Technology Co., Ltd."
47.52.39.221:8000 Hong Kong/HK "AS45102 Alibaba (China) Technology Co., Ltd."
47.52.57.128:8000 Hong Kong/HK "AS45102 Alibaba (China) Technology Co., Ltd."
47.52.67.132:8000 Hong Kong/HK "AS45102 Alibaba (China) Technology Co., Ltd."
47.90.102.90:8000 Hong Kong/HK "AS45102 Alibaba (China) Technology Co., Ltd."
47.90.80.240:8000 Hong Kong/HK "AS45102 Alibaba (China) Technology Co., Ltd."
47.90.97.191:8000 Hong Kong/HK "AS45102 Alibaba (China) Technology Co., Ltd."
47.93.234.19:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.93.25.138:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.93.250.72:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.93.252.99:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.93.254.18:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.93.31.209:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.93.32.158:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.93.38.172:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.93.44.244:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.93.45.159:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.93.55.228:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.103.17:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.105.66:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.139.76:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.15.142:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.159.88:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.18.187:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.19.102:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.20.232:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.200.65:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.248.75:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.80.224:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.90.242:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
52.73.67.152:8000 United States/US Ashburn "AS14618 Amazon.com, Inc."
58.58.34.221:8000 China/CN Jinan "AS4134 No.31,Jin-rong Street"
61.91.81.253:8000 Thailand/TH Bangkok "AS9287 TRUEINTERNET Co.,Ltd."
110.10.189.61:8000 Republic of Korea/KR Seoul "AS9318 SK Broadband Co Ltd"
111.231.1.127:8000 China/CN Beijing "AS45090 Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company Limited"
112.126.86.91:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
112.244.20.22:8000 China/CN Jinan "AS4837 CHINA UNICOM China169 Backbone"
112.74.184.31:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
114.215.24.92:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
114.215.41.12:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
115.95.135.61:8000 Republic of Korea/KR Seoul "AS3786 LG DACOM Corporation"
117.20.30.103:8000 Pakistan/PK Karachi "AS38193 Transworld Associates (Pvt.) Ltd."
121.42.10.132:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
122.115.43.72:8000 China/CN Beijing "AS4808 China Unicom Beijing Province Network"
123.31.12.137:8000 Vietnam/VN Hanoi "AS135905 VIETNAM POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS GROUP"
14.140.232.55:8000 India/IN Mumbai "AS4755 TATA Communications formerly VSNL is Leading ISP"
182.162.73.58:8000 Republic of Korea/KR "AS3786 LG DACOM Corporation"
199.233.62.78:8000 United States/US Henderson "AS54417 Stimulus Technologies"
47.88.218.199:8000 Singapore/SG "AS45102 Alibaba (China) Technology Co., Ltd."
47.88.219.207:8000 Singapore/SG "AS45102 Alibaba (China) Technology Co., Ltd."
47.89.190.198:8000 United States/US "AS45102 Alibaba (China) Technology Co., Ltd."
47.90.204.154:8000 United States/US San Mateo "AS45102 Alibaba (China) Technology Co., Ltd."
47.93.240.226:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.93.247.153:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.93.254.136:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.93.254.166:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.102.108:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.103.132:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.105.126:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.109.131:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.111.209:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.128.131:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.128.133:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.130.122:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.141.223:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.145.206:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.146.188:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.156.239:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.194.184:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.200.116:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.219.219:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.227.192:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
47.94.253.142:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
69.25.149.164:8000 United States/US Bellevue "AS6640 Qwest Communications Company, LLC"
103.27.239.132:8000 Vietnam/VN Ho Chi Minh City "AS131386 Long Van System Solution JSC"
103.27.239.135:8000 Vietnam/VN Ho Chi Minh City "AS131386 Long Van System Solution JSC"
103.56.115.153:8000 Hong Kong/HK North Point "AS55933 Cloudie Limited"
112.74.193.216:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
112.74.210.161:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
114.215.129.43:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
114.215.65.229:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
121.196.197.63:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
121.40.119.134:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
121.40.166.232:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
121.58.222.138:8000 Philippines/PH Pampanga "AS17639 Converge ICT Solutions Inc."
122.115.43.145:8000 China/CN Beijing "AS4808 China Unicom Beijing Province Network"
122.14.200.177:8000 China/CN Beijing "AS23724 IDC, China Telecommunications Corporation"
123.196.124.52:8000 China/CN Beijing "AS4847 China Networks Inter-Exchange"
123.30.240.102:8000 Vietnam/VN Hanoi "AS45899 VNPT Corp"
13.113.240.221:8000 Japan/JP Tokyo "AS16509 Amazon.com, Inc."
202.45.147.116:8000 Nepal/NP "AS45353 NITC: IT Agency of Government of Nepal"
104.197.211.117:8000 United States/US "AS15169 Google LLC"
112.125.120.193:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
114.215.104.177:8000 China/CN Hangzhou "AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd."
118.228.152.210:8000 China/CN Beijing "AS45587 China Broadband Communications (CBCnet)"原文发布时间为：2018-05-22
