Git Commands

Git Commands

Useful Commands

Commit with empty message

1. git config --global alias.nccommit "commit -a --allow-empty-message -m ''"
2. git nccommit

Undoing Things

• Overwrite commit

  1. git commit -m 'initial commit'
  2. git add .
  3. git commit --amend

• Unstaging a Staged File

  $ git add *
  $ git status
  On branch master
  Changes to be committed:
    (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
  
      renamed:    README.md -> README
      modified:   CONTRIBUTING.md

$ git reset HEAD CONTRIBUTING.md
Unstaged changes after reset:
M    CONTRIBUTING.md
$ git status
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)

    renamed:    README.md -> README

Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)

    modified:   CONTRIBUTING.md

• Unmodifying a Modified File

  Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
  
    modified:   CONTRIBUTING.md

$ git checkout -- CONTRIBUTING.md
$ git status
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)

  renamed:    README.md -> README

• View all logs

git reflog

Push changes to new branch

1. git checkout -b newBranch
2. git push -u origin newBranch // -u is short for --set-upstream

New branch from remote

1. git checkout -b localBranch origin/remote_branch

Stash Usage

git stash  // stash current changes
git stash pop  // pop last stash and remove from history

git stash save 'message'  // stash current changes with message
git stash list // show all stashes
git stash apply <id>  // apply <id> stash

Common Alias

• git config --global alias.s "status"
• git config --global alias.a "!git add . && git status"
• git config --global alias.au "!git add -u . && git status"
• git config --global alias.aa "!git add . && git add -u . && git status"
• git config --global alias.c "commit"
• git config --global alias.cm "commit -m"
• git config --global alias.ca "commit --amend"
• git config --global alias.ac "!git add . && git commit"
• git config --global alias.acm "!git add . && git commit -m"
• git config --global alias.l "log --graph --all --pretty=format:'%C(yellow)%h%C(cyan)%d%Creset %s %C(white)- %an, %ar%Creset"
• git config --global alias.ll "log --stat --abbrev-commit"
• git config --global alias.lg "log --color --graph --pretty=format:'%C(bold white)%h%Creset -%C(bold green)%d%Creset %s %C(bold green)(%cr)%Creset %C(bold blue)<%an>%Creset' --abbrev-commit --date=relative"
• git config --global alias.llg 'log --color --graph --pretty=format:'%C(bold white)%H %d%Creset%n%s%n%+b%C(bold blue)%an <%ae>%Creset %C(bold green)%cr (%ci)' --abbrev-commit"
• git config --global alias.d "diff"
• git config --global alias.master "checkout master"
• git config --global alias.spull "svn rebase"
• git config --global alias.spush "svn dcommit"
• git config --global alias.alias "!git config --list | grep 'alias.' | sed 's/alias.(¹)=(.)/1 => 2/' | sort"

Workflow with Git: Fork, Branching, Commits, and Pull Request

1. Fork a repo.

2. Clone the forked project to your local machine:

   `$ git clone git@github.com:USERNAME/<forked_repo>`
   

3. Configure remotes:

   `$ git remote add upstream git://github.com/<origin_repo>`
   

4. Create a branch for new feature:

   `$ git checkout -b my-new-branch`
   

5. Develop on my-new-branch branch only, but Do not merge my-new-branch branch to the your master (as it should stay equal to upstream master)!!

6. Commit changes to my-new-branch branch:

   $ git add .
   $ git commit -m "commit message"

7. Push branch to GitHub, to allow your mentor to review your code:

   `$ git push origin my-new-branch`
   

8. Repeat steps 5-7 till development is complete.

9. Fetch upstream changes that were done by other contributors:

   `$ git fetch upstream`
   

10. Update local master:

    $ git checkout master
    $ git pull upstream master

ATTENTION: any time you lost of track of your code – launch “gitk —all” in source folder, UI application come up that will show all branches and history in pretty view, explanation.

1. Rebase my-new-branch branch on top of the upstream master:

   $ git checkout my-new-branch
   $ git rebase master

2. In the process of the rebase, it may discover conflicts. In that case it will stop and allow you to fix the conflicts. After fixing conflicts, use git add . to update the index with those contents, and then just run:

   $ git rebase --continue

3. Push branch to GitHub (with all your final changes and actual code):

   We forcing changes to your issue branch(our sand box) is not common branch, and rebasing means recreation of commits so no way to push without force. NEVER force to common branch.

   $ git push origin my-new-branch --force

4. Created build for testing and send it to any mentor for testing.
5. Only after all testing is done – Send a Pull Request.

   Attention: Please recheck that in your pull request you send only your changes, and no other changes!!
   Check it by command:
   git diff my-new-branch upstream/master

submodule

git submodule add submodule-repo path
git submodule update --init --recursive
git rm submodule-name
git rm submodule-name --cached