MySQL用户权限(Host,User,Password)管理(mysql.user)-阿里云开发者社区

1：新增用户：

注：mysql数据库下user表中，Host和User为两个主键列（primary key），已经各版本下非空未设置默认字段。

登录后，切换db：

mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed

新增用户：

注：限制kaka用户的登陆ip为10.155.123.55，ip为随手写入，如果正确配置为您有效登陆ip，所有ip登陆，则设置Host为 '%'

mysql> INSERT INTO mysql.user(Host,User,Password) VALUES("10.155.123.55","kaka",PASSWORD("kaka123"));

在版本 5.6.27:

mysql> INSERT INTO mysql.user(Host,User,Password,ssl_cipher,x509_issuer,x509_subject) VALUES("10.155.123.55","kaka",PASSWORD("kaka123"),"","","");
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)

新增用户（全sql）：

INSERT  INTO `user`(`Host`,`User`,`Password`,`Select_priv`,`Insert_priv`,`Update_priv`,`Delete_priv`,`Create_priv`,`Drop_priv`,`Reload_priv`,`Shutdown_priv`,`Process_priv`,`File_priv`,`Grant_priv`,`References_priv`,`Index_priv`,`Alter_priv`,`Show_db_priv`,`Super_priv`,`Create_tmp_table_priv`,`Lock_tables_priv`,`Execute_priv`,`Repl_slave_priv`,`Repl_client_priv`,`Create_view_priv`,`Show_view_priv`,`Create_routine_priv`,`Alter_routine_priv`,`Create_user_priv`,`Event_priv`,`Trigger_priv`,`Create_tablespace_priv`,`ssl_type`,`ssl_cipher`,`x509_issuer`,`x509_subject`,`max_questions`,`max_updates`,`max_connections`,`max_user_connections`,`plugin`,`authentication_string`,`password_expired`) VALUES ('%','root','*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','','','','',0,0,0,0,'mysql_native_password','','N');

新增用户完成，刷新MySQL的系统权限相关表

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

设置遇到问题，请查看：MySQL配置和设置问题小结

重启生效：

[root@Tony_ts_tian bin]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.... SUCCESS! 
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!

查询用户，Host,User,Password：

mysql>  SELECT Host,User,Password FROM mysql.user;  
+----------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| Host           | User | Password                                  |
+----------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost      | root | *71ABCA8B06D46066CEF8062A75256E66243D0FC8 |
| tony\_ts\_tian | root | *71ABCA8B06D46066CEF8062A75256E66243D0FC8 |
| 127.0.0.1      | root | *71ABCA8B06D46066CEF8062A75256E66243D0FC8 |
| ::1            | root | *71ABCA8B06D46066CEF8062A75256E66243D0FC8 |
| 10.155.123.55  | kaka | *90B3D884FB6092549F244125549B77C000A0F9C6 |
| %              | root | *71ABCA8B06D46066CEF8062A75256E66243D0FC8 |
+----------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2：修改信息，密码，类似可修改其他字段。

mysql> UPDATE `user` SET Password=PASSWORD("123456") WHERE Host='10.155.123.55' AND User='kaka';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT Host,User,Password FROM `user`;
前:
| 10.155.123.55  | kaka | *90B3D884FB6092549F244125549B77C000A0F9C6 |
后：
| 10.155.123.55  | kaka | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |

3：删除用户：

mysql> DELETE FROM `user` WHERE Host='10.155.123.55' AND User='kaka';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT Host,User,Password FROM `user`;
+----------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| Host           | User | Password                                  |
+----------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost      | root | *71ABCA8B06D46066CEF8062A75256E66243D0FC8 |
| tony\_ts\_tian | root | *71ABCA8B06D46066CEF8062A75256E66243D0FC8 |
| 127.0.0.1      | root | *71ABCA8B06D46066CEF8062A75256E66243D0FC8 |
| ::1            | root | *71ABCA8B06D46066CEF8062A75256E66243D0FC8 |
| %              | root | *71ABCA8B06D46066CEF8062A75256E66243D0FC8 |
+----------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4. 权限分配

GRANT语法：   
   GRANT 权限 ON 数据库.* TO 用户名@'登录主机' IDENTIFIED BY '密码'
权限：
   ALL,ALTER,CREATE,DROP,SELECT,UPDATE,DELETE
   新增用户：权限为USAGE,即为："无权限",想要创建一个没有权限的用户时,可以指定USAGE
数据库：
     *.*              表示所有库的所有表
     mylove.*         表示mylove库的所有表
     mylove.loves     表示mylove库的loves表 
用户名：
     MySQL的账户名
登陆主机：
     允许登陆到MySQL Server的客户端ip
     '%'表示所有ip
     'localhost' 表示本机
     '10.155.123.55' 特定IP
密码：
      MySQL的账户名对应的登陆密码

注： IDENTIFIED BY '密码'，可选。

GRANT会覆盖用户的部分信息，跟insert 、update执行功能一样。

给用户kaka分配test数据库下user表的查询select权限：

mysql> GRANT SELECT ON test.user TO kaka@'10.155.123.55' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show Grants for 'kaka'@'10.155.123.55';
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for kaka@10.155.123.55                                                                                   |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'kaka'@'10.155.123.55' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9' |
| GRANT SELECT ON `test`.`user` TO 'kaka'@'10.155.123.55'                                                         |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

为了快速测试，我要把ip切回%，ip全访问：

使用和测试：

数据库和数据表请看： MySQL数据定义语句：CREATE（创建）命令、ALTER（修改）命令、DROP（删除）

mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
修改权限Host为所有ip登陆：
mysql> UPDATE `user` SET Host='%' WHERE Host='10.155.123.55' AND User='kaka';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0
查看kaka的权限：
mysql> show grants for 'kaka'@'10.155.123.55';
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for kaka@10.155.123.55                                                                                   |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'kaka'@'10.155.123.55' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9' |
| GRANT SELECT ON `test`.`user` TO 'kaka'@'10.155.123.55'                                                         |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
刷新MySQL的系统权限相关表
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
查看kaka的权限：
mysql> show grants for 'kaka'@'%';
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for kaka@%                                                                                   |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'kaka'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9' |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
给用户kaka分配weloveshare数据库下user表的查询select权限：
mysql> GRANT SELECT ON `weloveshare`.`user` TO kaka@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
查看kaka的权限：
mysql> show grants for 'kaka'@'%';
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for kaka@%                                                                                   |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'kaka'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9' |
| GRANT SELECT ON `weloveshare`.`user` TO 'kaka'@'%'                                                  |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
查看weloveshare数据库下user表的数据：
mysql> use weloveshare
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from user;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
退出当前用户：
mysql> exit;
Bye
切换用户kaka:
[root@Tony_ts_tian ~]# mysql -u kaka -p
Enter password: 
登录成功。
切换数据库，查看user表数据：
mysql> use weloveshare
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> select * from user;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
插入数据：
mysql> INSERT INTO `weloveshare`.`user`(uname,upass,ustatus) VALUES('kaka','kaka123','0');
ERROR 1142 (42000): INSERT command denied to user 'kaka'@'localhost' for table 'user'
提示：INSERT被拒绝。配置成功。

注：`weloveshare`.`user`数据库名.数据表名，kaka用户名，%为Host，ip可限制或不 localhost，%，192.168.10.%
grant创建、修改、删除、更新、查询MySQL数据表结构权限：
GRANT CREATE ON `weloveshare`.`user` TO kaka@'%'; 
GRANT ALTER ON `weloveshare`.`user` TO kaka@'%'; 
GRANT DROP ON `weloveshare`.`user` TO kaka@'%'; 
GRANT UPDATE ON `weloveshare`.`user` TO kaka@'%'; 
GRANT SELECT ON `weloveshare`.`user` TO kaka@'%'; 
grant操作MySQL外键权限:
GRANT REFERENCES ON `weloveshare`.`user` TO kaka@'%'; 
grant操作MySQL 临时表权限:
GRANT CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES ON `weloveshare`.`user` TO kaka@'%'; 
grant操作MySQL索引权限
GRANT INDEX ON `weloveshare`.`user` TO kaka@'%'; 
grant操作MySQL视图、查看视图源代码权限:
GRANT CREATE VIEW ON `weloveshare`.`user` TO kaka@'%'; 
GRANT SHOW VIEW ON `weloveshare`.`user` TO kaka@'%'; 
grant操作MySQL存储过程(查看状态,删除修改)、函数权限。
GRANT CREATE ROUTINE ON `weloveshare`.`user` TO kaka@'%'; 
GRANT CREATE ROUTINE ON `weloveshare`.`user` TO kaka@'%'; 
GRANT EXECUTE ON `weloveshare`.`user` TO kaka@'%';

注：其他的详细权限，请查看，备注附件（最后）。

5：查看数据库登陆所有用户：

mysql> SELECT DISTINCT CONCAT('User: ''',user,'''@''',host,''';') AS QUERY FROM mysql.user;
+--------------------------------+
| QUERY                          |
+--------------------------------+
| User: 'kaka'@'%';              |
| User: 'root'@'%';              |
| User: 'root'@'127.0.0.1';      |
| User: 'root'@'::1';            |
| User: 'root'@'localhost';      |
| User: 'root'@'tony\_ts\_tian'; |
+--------------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查看某个用户的具体权限，比如root：

mysql> show grants for 'root'@'%';
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for root@%                                                                                                              |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*71ABCA8B06D46066CEF8062A75256E66243D0FC8' WITH GRANT OPTION |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

或

mysql> select * from mysql.user where user='root' \G

注：\G为按列显示数据。

备注附件：

查看MySQL数据中user表的表结构：

mysql> DESC mysql.user;
+------------------------+-------------------+------+-----+-----------+-------+
| Field                  | Type              | Null | Key | Default   | Extra |
+------------------------+-------------------+------+-----+-----------+-------+
| Host                   | char(60)          | NO   | PRI |           |       |
| User                   | char(16)          | NO   | PRI |           |       |
| Password               | char(41)          | NO   |     |           |       |
| Select_priv            | enum('N','Y')     | NO   |     | N         |       |
| Insert_priv            | enum('N','Y')     | NO   |     | N         |       |
| Update_priv            | enum('N','Y')     | NO   |     | N         |       |
| Delete_priv            | enum('N','Y')     | NO   |     | N         |       |
| Create_priv            | enum('N','Y')     | NO   |     | N         |       |
| Drop_priv              | enum('N','Y')     | NO   |     | N         |       |
| Reload_priv            | enum('N','Y')     | NO   |     | N         |       |
| Shutdown_priv          | enum('N','Y')     | NO   |     | N         |       |
| Process_priv           | enum('N','Y')     | NO   |     | N         |       |
| File_priv              | enum('N','Y')     | NO   |     | N         |       |
| Grant_priv             | enum('N','Y')     | NO   |     | N         |       |
| References_priv        | enum('N','Y')     | NO   |     | N         |       |
| Index_priv             | enum('N','Y')     | NO   |     | N         |       |
| Alter_priv             | enum('N','Y')     | NO   |     | N         |       |
| Show_db_priv           | enum('N','Y')     | NO   |     | N         |       |
| Super_priv             | enum('N','Y')     | NO   |     | N         |       |
| Create_tmp_table_priv  | enum('N','Y')     | NO   |     | N         |       |
| Lock_tables_priv       | enum('N','Y')     | NO   |     | N         |       |
| Execute_priv           | enum('N','Y')     | NO   |     | N         |       |
| Repl_slave_priv        | enum('N','Y')     | NO   |     | N         |       |
| Repl_client_priv       | enum('N','Y')     | NO   |     | N         |       |
| Create_view_priv       | enum('N','Y')     | NO   |     | N         |       |
| Show_view_priv         | enum('N','Y')     | NO   |     | N         |       |
| Create_routine_priv    | enum('N','Y')     | NO   |     | N         |       |
| Alter_routine_priv     | enum('N','Y')     | NO   |     | N         |       |
| Create_user_priv       | enum('N','Y')     | NO   |     | N         |       |
| Event_priv             | enum('N','Y')     | NO   |     | N         |       |
| Trigger_priv           | enum('N','Y')     | NO   |     | N         |       |
| Create_tablespace_priv | enum('N','Y')     | NO   |     | N         |       |
| ssl_type               | enum('','ANY','X509','SPECIFIED') | NO  || |       |
| ssl_cipher             | blob              | NO   |     | NULL      |       |
| x509_issuer            | blob              | NO   |     | NULL      |       |
| x509_subject           | blob              | NO   |     | NULL      |       |
| max_questions          | int(11) unsigned  | NO   |     | 0         |       |
| max_updates            | int(11) unsigned  | NO   |     | 0         |       |
| max_connections        | int(11) unsigned  | NO   |     | 0         |       |
| max_user_connections   | int(11) unsigned  | NO   |     | 0         |       |
| plugin                 | char(64)          | YES  || mysql_native_password ||
| authentication_string  | text              | YES  |     | NULL      |       |
| password_expired       | enum('N','Y')     | NO   |     | N         |       |
+------------------------+-------------------+------+-----+-----------+-------+
43 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查看root用户的所有具体权限：

                  Host: %
                  User: root
              Password: *71ABCA8B06D46066CEF8062A75256E66243D0FC8
           Select_priv: Y
           Insert_priv: Y
           Update_priv: Y
           Delete_priv: Y
           Create_priv: Y
             Drop_priv: Y
           Reload_priv: Y
         Shutdown_priv: Y
          Process_priv: Y
             File_priv: Y
            Grant_priv: Y
       References_priv: Y
            Index_priv: Y
            Alter_priv: Y
          Show_db_priv: Y
            Super_priv: Y
 Create_tmp_table_priv: Y
      Lock_tables_priv: Y
          Execute_priv: Y
       Repl_slave_priv: Y
      Repl_client_priv: Y
      Create_view_priv: Y
        Show_view_priv: Y
   Create_routine_priv: Y
    Alter_routine_priv: Y
      Create_user_priv: Y
            Event_priv: Y
          Trigger_priv: Y
Create_tablespace_priv: Y
              ssl_type: 
            ssl_cipher: 
           x509_issuer: 
          x509_subject: 
         max_questions: 0
           max_updates: 0
       max_connections: 0
  max_user_connections: 0
                plugin: mysql_native_password
 authentication_string: 
      password_expired: N

参数说明：

Select_priv：用户可以通过SELECT命令选择数据。
Insert_priv：用户可以通过INSERT命令插入数据;
Update_priv：用户可以通过UPDATE命令修改现有数据;
Delete_priv：用户可以通过DELETE命令删除现有数据;
Create_priv：用户可以创建新的数据库和表;
Drop_priv：用户可以删除现有数据库和表;
Reload_priv：用户可以执行刷新和重新加载MySQL所用各种内部缓存的特定命令,包括日志、权限、主机、查询和表;重新加载权限表;
Shutdown_priv：用户可以关闭MySQL服务器;在将此权限提供给root账户之外的任何用户时,都应当非常谨慎;
Process_priv：用户可以通过SHOW PROCESSLIST命令查看其他用户的进程;服务器管理;
File_priv：用户可以执行SELECT INTO OUTFILE和LOAD DATA INFILE命令;加载服务器上的文件;
Grant_priv：用户可以将已经授予给该用户自己的权限再授予其他用户(任何用户赋予全部已有权限);
References_priv;目前只是某些未来功能的占位符；现在没有作用;
Index_priv：用户可以创建和删除表索引;用索引查询表;
Alter_priv：用户可以重命名和修改表结构;
Show_db_priv：用户可以查看服务器上所有数据库的名字,包括用户拥有足够访问权限的数据库;可以考虑对所有用户禁用这个权限,除非有特别不可抗拒的原因;
Super_priv：用户可以执行某些强大的管理功能,例如通过KILL命令删除用户进程,使用SET GLOBAL修改全局MySQL变量,执行关于复制和日志的各种命令;超级权限;
Create_tmp_table_priv：用户可以创建临时表;
Lock_tables_priv：用户可以使用LOCK TABLES命令阻止对表的访问/修改;
Execute_priv：用户可以执行存储过程;此权限只在MySQL 5.0及更高版本中有意义;
Repl_slave_priv：用户可以读取用于维护复制数据库环境的二进制日志文件;此用户位于主系统中,有利于主机和客户机之间的通信;主服务器管理;
Repl_client_priv：用户可以确定复制从服务器和主服务器的位置;从服务器管理;
Create_view_priv：用户可以创建视图;此权限只在MySQL 5.0及更高版本中有意义;
Show_view_priv：用户可以查看视图或了解视图如何执行;此权限只在MySQL 5.0及更高版本中有意义;
Create_routine_priv：用户可以更改或放弃存储过程和函数;此权限是在MySQL 5.0中引入的;
Alter_routine_priv：用户可以修改或删除存储函数及函数;此权限是在MySQL 5.0中引入的;
Create_user_priv：用户可以执行CREATE USER命令,这个命令用于创建新的MySQL账户;
Event_priv：用户能否创建、修改和删除事件;这个权限是MySQL 5.1.6新增的;
Trigger_priv：用户能否创建和删除触发器,这个权限是MySQL 5.1.6新增的;
Create_tablespace_priv：创建表空间
ssl_type：支持ssl标准加密安全字段
ssl_cipher：支持ssl标准加密安全字段
x509_issuer：支持x509标准字段
x509_subject：支持x509标准字段
max_questions：0 每小时允许执行多少次查询
max_updates：0 每小时可以执行多少次更新  ：0表示无限制
max_connections：0 每小时可以建立的多少次连接：0表示无限制
max_user_connections：0 单用户可以同时具有的连接数：0表示无限制
plugin：5.5.7开始,mysql引入plugins以进行用户连接时的密码验证,plugin创建外部/代理用户 
authentication_string：通过authentication_string可以控制两者的映射关系,(PAM plugin等,PAM可以支持多个服务名)尤其是在使用代理用户时，并须声明这一点
password_expired：密码过期 Y,说明该用户密码已过期 N相反

MySQL用户权限(Host,User,Password)管理(mysql.user)

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