先来看下forEach的实现
// Production steps of ECMA-262, Edition 5, 15.4.4.18
// Reference: http://es5.github.io/#x15.4.4.18
if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
Array.prototype.forEach = function(callback, thisArg) {
var T, k;
if (this === null) {
throw new TypeError(' this is null or not defined');
}
// 1. Let O be the result of calling toObject() passing the
// |this| value as the argument.
var O = Object(this);
// 2. Let lenValue be the result of calling the Get() internal
// method of O with the argument "length".
// 3. Let len be toUint32(lenValue).
var len = O.length >>> 0;
// 4. If isCallable(callback) is false, throw a TypeError exception.
// See: http://es5.github.com/#x9.11
if (typeof callback !== "function") {
throw new TypeError(callback + ' is not a function');
}
// 5. If thisArg was supplied, let T be thisArg; else let
// T be undefined.
if (arguments.length > 1) {
T = thisArg;
}
// 6. Let k be 0
k = 0;
// 7. Repeat, while k < len
while (k < len) {
var kValue;
// a. Let Pk be ToString(k).
// This is implicit for LHS operands of the in operator
// b. Let kPresent be the result of calling the HasProperty
// internal method of O with argument Pk.
// This step can be combined with c
// c. If kPresent is true, then
if (k in O) {
// i. Let kValue be the result of calling the Get internal
// method of O with argument Pk.
kValue = O[k];
// ii. Call the Call internal method of callback with T as
// the this value and argument list containing kValue, k, and O.
callback.call(T, kValue, k, O);
}
// d. Increase k by 1.
k++;
}
// 8. return undefined
};
}
基本用法：
arr.forEach(callback[, thisArg])，callback会接收到三个参数：currentValue、index、array
var ary = ["JavaScript", "Java", "CoffeeScript", "TypeScript"];
ary.forEach(function(value, index, _ary) {
console.log(index + ": " + value);
return false;
});
// logs:
0: JavaScript
1: Java
2: CoffeeScript
3: TypeScript
使用some函数
var ary = ["JavaScript", "Java", "CoffeeScript", "TypeScript"];
ary.some(function (value, index, _ary) {
console.log(index + ": " + value);
return value === "CoffeeScript";
});
// logs:
0: JavaScript
1: Java
2: CoffeeScript
使用every函数
var ary = ["JavaScript", "Java", "CoffeeScript", "TypeScript"];
ary.every(function(value, index, _ary) {
console.log(index + ": " + value);
return value.indexOf("Script") > -1;
});
// logs:
0: JavaScript
1: Java
使用fo..of
let arr = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10];
for (let el of arr) {
console.log(el);
if (el === 5) {
break;
}
}
// logs:
0
1
2
3
4
5
而如果forEach想实现类似every、some函数的效果该如何做呢？
在stackoverflow上得票比较高的有如下几类方法 ：
1、循环外使用try.. catch，当需要中断时throw 一个异常，然后catch进行捕获；
2、重写forEach（也是借鉴第一种方法）；
var BreakException = {};
try {
[1, 2, 3].forEach(function(el) {
console.log(el);
if (el === 2) throw BreakException;
});
} catch (e) {
if (e !== BreakException) throw e;
}
// Use a closure to prevent the global namespace from be polluted.
(function() {
// Define StopIteration as part of the global scope if it
// isn't already defined.
if(typeof StopIteration == "undefined") {
StopIteration = new Error("StopIteration");
}
// The original version of Array.prototype.forEach.
var oldForEach = Array.prototype.forEach;
// If forEach actually exists, define forEach so you can
// break out of it by throwing StopIteration. Allow
// other errors will be thrown as normal.
if(oldForEach) {
Array.prototype.forEach = function() {
try {
oldForEach.apply(this, [].slice.call(arguments, 0));
}
catch(e) {
if(e !== StopIteration) {
throw e;
}
}
};
}
})();
// Show the contents until you get to "2".
[0,1,2,3,4].forEach(function(val) {
if(val == 2)
throw StopIteration;
alert(val);
});
参考链接：
http://dean.edwards.name/weblog/2006/07/enum/
http://www.jsnoob.com/2013/11/26/how-to-break-the-foreach/
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/forEach
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/for...of
