Swift学习笔记（2）网络数据交换格式（XML，JSON）解析
参考书籍及资源：iOS实战 入门与提高卷 关东升 参考书籍地址
- 用NSXML来解析XML文档
- 用TBXML来解析XML文档
- 用NSJSONSerialization来解析JSON文档
目录
用NSXML来解析XML文档
NSXML是iOS SDK自带的，也是苹果默认的解析框架，框架的核心是NSXMLParser和它的委托协议NSXMLParserDelegate。
示例文档Notes.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Notes>
<Note id="1">
<CDate>2014-12-21</CDate>
<Content>早上8点钟到公司</Content>
<UserID>tony</UserID>
</Note>
<Note id="2">
<CDate>2014-12-22</CDate>
<Content>发布iOSBook1</Content>
<UserID>tony</UserID>
</Note>
<Note id="3">
<CDate>2014-12-23</CDate>
<Content>发布iOSBook2</Content>
<UserID>tony</UserID>
</Note>
<Note id="4">
<CDate>2014-12-24</CDate>
<Content>发布iOSBook3</Content>
<UserID>tony</UserID>
</Note>
<Note id="5">
<CDate>2014-12-25</CDate>
<Content>发布2016奥运会应用iPhone版本</Content>
<UserID>tony</UserID>
</Note>
<Note id="6">
<CDate>2014-12-26</CDate>
<Content>发布2016奥运会应用iPad版本</Content>
<UserID>tony</UserID>
</Note>
</Notes>创建XMLParser类
import Foundation
class XMLParser: NSObject , NSXMLParserDelegate {
private var notes:NSMutableArray! = []
private var currentTagName:String!
func startParse(){
NSLog("start parse")
let path=NSBundle.mainBundle().pathForResource("Notes", ofType: "xml")!
let url=NSURL(fileURLWithPath: path)
//开始解析
let parser=NSXMLParser(contentsOfURL: url)!
parser.delegate=self
parser.parse()
}
//文档开始时触发
func parserDidStartDocument(parser: NSXMLParser) {
self.notes=NSMutableArray()
}
//文档出错时触发
func parser(parser: NSXMLParser, parseErrorOccurred parseError: NSError) {
NSLog("%@", parseError)
}
//遇到一个开始标签时触发，其中namespaceURI是命名空间，qualifiedName是限定名，attributes是字典属性集合
func parser(parser: NSXMLParser, didStartElement elementName: String, namespaceURI: String?, qualifiedName qName: String?, attributes attributeDict: [String : String]) {
self.currentTagName=elementName
if self.currentTagName == "Note"{
let id=attributeDict["id"]! as NSString
let dict=NSMutableDictionary()
dict.setObject(id, forKey: "id")
self.notes.addObject(dict)
}
}
//遇到字符串时触发
func parser(parser: NSXMLParser, foundCharacters string: String) {
//去除空格和回车
let s1 = string.stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet(NSCharacterSet.whitespaceAndNewlineCharacterSet())
if s1 == ""{
return
}
let dict = self.notes.lastObject as! NSMutableDictionary
if (self.currentTagName == "CDate"){
dict.setObject(string, forKey: "CDate")
}
if (self.currentTagName == "Content"){
dict.setObject(string, forKey: "Content")
}
if (self.currentTagName == "UserID"){
dict.setObject(string, forKey: "UserID")
}
}
//遇到结束标签时触发
func parser(parser: NSXMLParser, didEndElement elementName: String, namespaceURI: String?, qualifiedName qName: String?) {
self.currentTagName=nil
}
//文档结束时触发
func parserDidEndDocument(parser: NSXMLParser) {
NSLog("end parse")
NSLog("\(notes)")
}
}调用与运行结果
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
// Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
let parser=XMLParser()
parser.startParse()
}
2016-05-17 12:03:42.836 XMLTest[61377:445073] start parse
2016-05-17 12:03:42.852 XMLTest[61377:445073] end parse
2016-05-17 12:03:42.853 XMLTest[61377:445073] (
{
CDate = "2014-12-21";
Content = "\U65e9\U4e0a8\U70b9\U949f\U5230\U516c\U53f8";
UserID = tony;
id = 1;
},
{
CDate = "2014-12-22";
Content = "\U53d1\U5e03iOSBook1";
UserID = tony;
id = 2;
},
{
CDate = "2014-12-23";
Content = "\U53d1\U5e03iOSBook2";
UserID = tony;
id = 3;
},
{
CDate = "2014-12-24";
Content = "\U53d1\U5e03iOSBook3";
UserID = tony;
id = 4;
},
{
CDate = "2014-12-25";
Content = "\U53d1\U5e032016\U5965\U8fd0\U4f1a\U5e94\U7528iPhone\U7248\U672c";
UserID = tony;
id = 5;
},
{
CDate = "2014-12-26";
Content = "\U53d1\U5e032016\U5965\U8fd0\U4f1a\U5e94\U7528iPad\U7248\U672c";
UserID = tony;
id = 6;
}
)
用TBXML来解析XML文档
TBXML是第三方框架，使用起来比NSXML更简单。
准备工作
下载完成后将TBXML-Headers和TBXML-Code文件夹添加到工程中，并添加以下Framewok和库 
在Xcode6以后的版本，需要创建PrefixHeader.pch文件
并选择TARGETS->工程名->Buil Setting->Apple LLVM x.x Language ->Prefix Header，输入PrefixHeader.pch
在PrefixHeader.pch中添加以下代码
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#define ARC_ENABLED在桥接头文件中添加以下代码（关于桥接头文件请参考Swift和Objective-C的混编）
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "TBXML.h"
创建XMLParser类
import Foundation
class XMLParser: NSObject {
private var notes:NSMutableArray! = []
func startParse(){
NSLog("start parse")
self.notes=NSMutableArray()
let tbxml=(try? TBXML(XMLFile: "Notes.xml",error:()))!
//获取XML文档根元素
let root=tbxml.rootXMLElement
if root != nil{
//查找root元素下的Note元素
var noteElement=TBXML.childElementNamed("Note", parentElement: root)
while noteElement != nil{
let dict=NSMutableDictionary()
//查找Note元素下的CDate元素
let CDateElemet=TBXML.childElementNamed("CDate", parentElement: noteElement)
if CDateElemet != nil{
let CDate=TBXML.textForElement(CDateElemet)
dict.setValue(CDate, forKey: "CDate")
}
//查找Note元素下的Content元素
let ContentElemet=TBXML.childElementNamed("Content", parentElement: noteElement)
if ContentElemet != nil{
let Content=TBXML.textForElement(ContentElemet)
dict.setValue(Content, forKey: "Content")
}
//查找Note元素下的UserID元素
let UserIDElemet=TBXML.childElementNamed("UserID", parentElement: noteElement)
if UserIDElemet != nil{
let UserID=TBXML.textForElement(UserIDElemet)
dict.setValue(UserID, forKey: "UserID")
}
//获取Note元素的id属性值
let id=TBXML.valueOfAttributeNamed("id", forElement: noteElement)
dict.setValue(id, forKey: "id")
self.notes.addObject(dict)
//获取同层的下一个Note元素
noteElement=TBXML.nextSiblingNamed("Note", searchFromElement: noteElement)
}
}
NSLog("end parse")
NSLog("\(notes)")
self.notes=nil
}
}
调用与运行结果
同上
用NSJSONSerialization来解析JSON文档
NSJSONSerialization是iOS 5之后苹果提供的API。
示例文档 Notes.data
{"ResultCode":0,"Record":[
{"ID":"1","CDate":"2014-12-23","Content":"发布iOSBook0","UserID":"tony"},
{"ID":"2","CDate":"2014-12-24","Content":"发布iOSBook1","UserID":"tony"},
{"ID":"3","CDate":"2014-12-25","Content":"发布iOSBook2","UserID":"tony"},
{"ID":"4","CDate":"2014-12-26","Content":"发布iOSBook3","UserID":"tony"},
{"ID":"5","CDate":"2014-12-27","Content":"发布iOSBook4","UserID":"tony"},
{"ID":"6","CDate":"2014-12-28","Content":"发布iOSBook5","UserID":"tony"},
{"ID":"7","CDate":"2014-12-29","Content":"发布iOSBook6","UserID":"tony"},
{"ID":"8","CDate":"2014-12-30","Content":"发布iOSBook7","UserID":"tony"},
{"ID":"9","CDate":"2014-12-31","Content":"发布iOSBook8","UserID":"tony"},
{"ID":"10","CDate":"2014-12-32","Content":"发布iOSBook9","UserID":"tony"},
{"ID":"11","CDate":"2014-12-33","Content":"发布iOSBook10","UserID":"tony"},
{"ID":"12","CDate":"2014-12-34","Content":"发布iOSBook11","UserID":"tony"},
{"ID":"13","CDate":"2014-12-35","Content":"发布iOSBook12","UserID":"tony"},
{"ID":"14","CDate":"2014-12-36","Content":"发布iOSBook13","UserID":"tony"},
{"ID":"15","CDate":"2014-12-37","Content":"发布iOSBook14","UserID":"tony"},
{"ID":"16","CDate":"2014-12-38","Content":"发布iOSBook15","UserID":"tony"},
{"ID":"17","CDate":"2014-12-39","Content":"发布iOSBook16","UserID":"tony"},
{"ID":"18","CDate":"2014-12-40","Content":"发布iOSBook17","UserID":"tony"},
{"ID":"19","CDate":"2014-12-41","Content":"发布iOSBook18","UserID":"tony"},
{"ID":"20","CDate":"2014-12-42","Content":"发布iOSBook19","UserID":"tony"},
{"ID":"21","CDate":"2014-12-43","Content":"发布iOSBook20","UserID":"tony"},
{"ID":"22","CDate":"2014-12-44","Content":"发布iOSBook21","UserID":"tony"}]}示例代码
import UIKit
class ViewController: UIViewController {
var objects:NSMutableArray!=[]
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
// Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
let path=NSBundle.mainBundle().pathForResource("Notes", ofType: "json")!
let jsonData=NSData(contentsOfFile: path)!
//MutableContainers指定解析返回的是可变的数组或字典
let jsonObj:NSDictionary=(try? NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(jsonData, options: NSJSONReadingOptions.MutableContainers)) as! NSDictionary
self.objects=jsonObj.objectForKey("Record") as! NSMutableArray
NSLog("\(self.objects)")
}
override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {
super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()
// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}
}运行结果
略
