之前先后发表过:《Winform应用程序实现通用遮罩层》、《Winform应用程序实现通用消息窗口》,这两款遮罩层其实都是基于弹出窗口的,今天为大家分享一个比较简单但界面相对友好的另一种实现方案,废话不多说,直接进入主题。
一、实现思路(解决问题顺序):
透明遮罩:
1.实现可设置透明的Panel控件(MaskPanel);
2.Panel控件(MaskPanel)能够覆盖父容器(一般是当前窗体form对象)客户区区域(即:与父容器客户区区域大小相同),并处于最上层,保证父容器上的任何控件都被盖住并保证不可用;
3.Panel控件(MaskPanel)必需实现随着父容器大小的改变而改变;
4.Panel控件(MaskPanel)上可呈现以表示正在加载的动图或者文字,并且居中;
异步:
实现的方法有很多,比如异步委托、Task等,而这是在winform项目中,此次就直接使用BackgroundWorker
二、关键解决方案:
1.可设置透明控件:通过自定义控件,并重写CreateParams(其中: cp.ExStyle |= 0x00000020;)、OnPaint(其中:labelBorderPen、labelBackColorBrush的Color=Color.FromArgb(_alpha, this.BackColor))两个方法即可;
2.能够覆盖父容器客户区区域:this.Size = this.Parent.ClientSize;this.Left = 0;this.Top = 0;
3.随着父容器大小的改变而改变:this.Anchor = AnchorStyles.Left | AnchorStyles.Top | AnchorStyles.Right | AnchorStyles.Bottom;
4.呈现以表示正在加载的动图或者文字,并且居中:
添加PictureBox,设置Image为loading.gif动图,SizeMode = System.Windows.Forms.PictureBoxSizeMode.AutoSize; Point Location = new Point(this.Location.X + (this.Width - pictureBox_Loading.Width) / 2, this.Location.Y + (this.Height - pictureBox_Loading.Height) / 2);//居中
好了,最后贴出实现的源代码:
MaskPanel:
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public
partial
class
MaskPanel : Control
{
private
System.ComponentModel.Container components =
new
System.ComponentModel.Container();
private
bool
_isTransparent =
true
;
//是否透明
[Category(
"透明"
), Description(
"是否使用透明,默认为True"
)]
public
bool
IsTransparent
{
get
{
return
_isTransparent; }
set
{ _isTransparent = value; }
}
private
int
_alpha = 125;
//设置透明度
[Category(
"透明"
), Description(
"设置透明度"
)]
public
int
Alpha
{
get
{
return
_alpha; }
set
{ _alpha = value; }
}
public
MaskPanel(Control parent)
:
this
(parent, 125)
{
}
/// <summary>
/// 初始化加载控件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="Alpha"透明度</param>
public
MaskPanel(Control parent,
int
alpha)
{
SetStyle(ControlStyles.Opaque,
true
);
//设置背景透明
base
.CreateControl();
_alpha = alpha;
parent.Controls.Add(
this
);
this
.Parent = parent;
this
.Size =
this
.Parent.ClientSize;
this
.Left = 0;
this
.Top = 0;
this
.Anchor = AnchorStyles.Left | AnchorStyles.Top | AnchorStyles.Right | AnchorStyles.Bottom;
this
.BringToFront();
PictureBox pictureBox_Loading =
new
PictureBox();
pictureBox_Loading.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
pictureBox_Loading.Image = Properties.Resources.loading;
pictureBox_Loading.Name =
"pictureBox_Loading"
;
pictureBox_Loading.SizeMode = System.Windows.Forms.PictureBoxSizeMode.AutoSize;
Point Location =
new
Point(
this
.Location.X + (
this
.Width - pictureBox_Loading.Width) / 2,
this
.Location.Y + (
this
.Height - pictureBox_Loading.Height) / 2);
//居中
pictureBox_Loading.Location = Location;
pictureBox_Loading.Anchor = AnchorStyles.None;
this
.Controls.Add(pictureBox_Loading);
this
.Visible =
false
;
}
protected
override
CreateParams CreateParams
{
get
{
CreateParams cp =
base
.CreateParams;
cp.ExStyle |= 0x00000020;
// 开启 WS_EX_TRANSPARENT,使控件支持透明
return
cp;
}
}
protected
override
void
OnPaint(PaintEventArgs pe)
{
Pen labelBorderPen;
SolidBrush labelBackColorBrush;
if
(_isTransparent)
{
Color cl = Color.FromArgb(_alpha,
this
.BackColor);
labelBorderPen =
new
Pen(cl, 0);
labelBackColorBrush =
new
SolidBrush(cl);
}
else
{
labelBorderPen =
new
Pen(
this
.BackColor, 0);
labelBackColorBrush =
new
SolidBrush(
this
.BackColor);
}
base
.OnPaint(pe);
pe.Graphics.DrawRectangle(labelBorderPen, 0, 0,
this
.Width,
this
.Height);
pe.Graphics.FillRectangle(labelBackColorBrush, 0, 0,
this
.Width,
this
.Height);
}
protected
override
void
Dispose(
bool
disposing)
{
if
(disposing)
{
if
(!((components ==
null
)))
{
components.Dispose();
}
}
base
.Dispose(disposing);
}
}
|
为了实现通用,同时保证所有的窗体都有异步执行并显示遮罩效果,故此处采用定义一个窗体基类:FormBase,里面定义一个受保护的DoWorkAsync方法, 代码如下:
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public
partial
class
FormBase : Form
{
public
FormBase()
{
InitializeComponent();
this
.StartPosition = FormStartPosition.CenterParent;
}
/// <summary>
/// 多线程异步后台处理某些耗时的数据,不会卡死界面
/// </summary>
/// <param name="workFunc">Func委托,包装耗时处理(不含UI界面处理),示例:(o)=>{ 具体耗时逻辑; return 处理的结果数据 }</param>
/// <param name="funcArg">Func委托参数,用于跨线程传递给耗时处理逻辑所需要的对象,示例:String对象、JObject对象或DataTable等任何一个值</param>
/// <param name="workCompleted">Action委托,包装耗时处理完成后,下步操作(一般是更新界面的数据或UI控件),示列:(r)=>{ datagirdview1.DataSource=r; }</param>
protected
void
DoWorkAsync(Func<
object
,
object
> workFunc,
object
funcArg =
null
, Action<
object
> workCompleted =
null
)
{
var
bgWorkder =
new
BackgroundWorker();
//Form loadingForm = null;
Control loadingPan =
null
;
bgWorkder.WorkerReportsProgress =
true
;
bgWorkder.ProgressChanged += (s, arg) =>
{
if
(arg.ProgressPercentage > 1)
return
;
#region Panel模式
var
result =
this
.Controls.Find(
"loadingPan"
,
true
);
if
(result ==
null
|| result.Length <= 0)
{
loadingPan =
new
MaskPanel(
this
)
{
Name =
"loadingPan"
};
}
else
{
loadingPan = result[0];
}
loadingPan.BringToFront();
loadingPan.Visible =
true
;
#endregion
};
bgWorkder.RunWorkerCompleted += (s, arg) =>
{
#region Panel模式
if
(loadingPan !=
null
)
{
loadingPan.Visible =
false
;
}
#endregion
bgWorkder.Dispose();
if
(workCompleted !=
null
)
{
workCompleted(arg.Result);
}
};
bgWorkder.DoWork += (s, arg) =>
{
bgWorkder.ReportProgress(1);
var
result = workFunc(arg.Argument);
arg.Result = result;
bgWorkder.ReportProgress(100);
};
bgWorkder.RunWorkerAsync(funcArg);
}
}
|
使用示例如下:
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private
void
button1_Click(
object
sender, EventArgs e)
{
int
startNo = 20;
button1.Enabled =
false
;
this
.DoWorkAsync((o) =>
//耗时逻辑处理(此处不能操作UI控件,因为是在异步中)
{
int
result = 0;
for
(
int
i = 1; i <= Convert.ToInt32(o); i++)
{
result += i;
Thread.Sleep(500);
}
return
result;
}, startNo, (r) =>
//显示结果(此处用于对上面结果的处理,比如显示到界面上)
{
label1.Text = r.ToString();
button1.Enabled =
true
;
});
}
|
效果图就不贴出来了,大家可以COPY上面的所有代码,即可测试出效果。
2017年3月15日优化补充:
为了提高异步加载编码的方便,特优化了DoWorkAsync方法,将返回值由object改为dynamic,这样就比较方便,直接返回,直接使用
方法签名如下:
protected void DoWorkAsync(Func<object, dynamic> workFunc, object funcArg = null, Action<dynamic> workCompleted = null)
其余逻辑实现保持不变。
使用更简单,如下图示: