ANSIBLE
Ansible是一个使用Python语言开发的Linux平台下的自动化运维管理工具，它支持远程管理绝大多数Linux或Windows主机。Ansible默认通过SSH协议管理机器，即只需要在管理主机上安装Ansible就可以远程管理Linux主机，被托管节点主机不需要安装。对于Windows机器则是通过与Windows的Winrm Service服务（PowerShell3.0需要以上的版本）进行远程管理。
Ansible需要Python2.6或Python2.7以上（包括3.0以上）的版本支持，目前大多数Linux发行版都默认安装了Python2.6以上的版本。安装Ansible有多种安装方式，比如YUM、apt-get、pip等、或者源码编译安装等。绝大数的情况下都可以参照Ansible官方给出的安装文档进行安装：http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/intro_installation.html
在本文中，将介绍如何在SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP3上进行编译安装Ansible，并使用SUSE作为管理主机。
编译安装Ansible步骤
1. 安装Python2.7
2. 安装Setuptools37
3. 安装OpenSSL 1.0.2l
4. 安装Python Pypi模块
5. 安装Ansible
6. 配置SSH密钥
7. 远程执行命令
安装前的准备
为了能够顺利完成在SUSE上编译安装软件，我们最好在系统安装完之后，添加一个本地的zypper安装源，它是SUSE的安装镜像文件或SDK镜像文件，里面包含了系统所有的系统基础软件，如编译软件、devel开发包、glibc、头文件、库文件等。
添加ISO镜像源
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# zypper in http://172.16.10.6/iso/SLES-11-SP3-x86_64/ SLES-11-SP3-x86_64
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添加软件开发工具包（SDK）源
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# zypper in http://172.16.10.6/iso/SLE-11-SP3-SDK-DVD1/ SLE-11-SP3-SDK-DVD1
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当然，也可以将需要安装的包都直接下载下来传到主机上
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linux-69rz:
/usr/local/src/ansible_source
# ls
Babel-2.3.2.
tar
.gz cffi-1.10.0.
tar
.gz paramiko-2.2.2.
tar
.gz
Jinja2-2.9.6.
tar
.gz cryptography-2.1.3.
tar
.gz pyasn1-0.4.2.
tar
.gz
MarkupSafe-0.23.
tar
.gz ecdsa-0.12.
tar
.gz pycparser-2.18.
tar
.gz
PyNaCl-1.2.0.
tar
.gz enum34-1.1.5.
tar
.gz pycrypto-2.6.
tar
.gz
PyYAML-3.12.
tar
.gz idna-2.5.
tar
.gz pycurl-7.19.3.1.
tar
.gz
Python-2.7.14.tgz ipaddress-1.0.12.
tar
.gz pytz-2016.6.
tar
.gz
ansible-2.3.2.0.
tar
.gz libffi-3.2.1.
tar
.gz setuptools-37.0.0.zip
ansible-2.4.1.0.
tar
.gz libopenssl-devel-0.9.8j-0.50.1.x86_64.rpm simplejson-3.8.2.
tar
.gz
asn1crypto-0.23.0.
tar
.gz openssl-1.0.2l.
tar
.gz six-1.11.0.
tar
.gz
bcrypt-3.1.4.
tar
.gz pam-devel-1.1.5-0.10.17.x86_64.rpm zlib-devel-1.2.7-0.10.128.x86_64.rpm
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1、安装Python2.7
下载Python https://www.python.org/downloads/
用tar解压并编译安装
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# tar -zxf Python-2.7.14.tgz
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python2.7
# make && make install
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替换旧版本的Python环境变量、库文件等
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# rm -rf /usr/bin/python #删除旧版本/usr/bin下的python执行程序
# rm -rf /usr/lib64/python #删除旧版本的/usr/lib64下的python库目录
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创建Python2.7程序与lib文件软链接
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# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python2.7
# ln -s /usr/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python
# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7 /usr/lib64/python2.7
# ln -s /usr/lib64/python2.7 /usr/lib64/python
# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/include/python2.7 /usr/include/python2.7
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安装完后使用python -V查看当前系统的默认Python版本
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# python -V
Python 2.7.14
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2、安装Setuptools37
下载Setuptools https://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools
解压并使用python setup.py install进行安装
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# unzip setuptools-37.0.0.zip
# cd setuptools-37.0.0/
# python setup.py install
...
creating build
/bdist
.linux-x86_64
/egg/EGG-INFO
copying setuptools.egg-info
/PKG-INFO
-> build
/bdist
.linux-x86_64
/egg/EGG-INFO
copying setuptools.egg-info
/SOURCES
.txt -> build
/bdist
.linux-x86_64
/egg/EGG-INFO
copying setuptools.egg-info
/dependency_links
.txt -> build
/bdist
.linux-x86_64
/egg/EGG-INFO
copying setuptools.egg-info
/entry_points
.txt -> build
/bdist
.linux-x86_64
/egg/EGG-INFO
copying setuptools.egg-info
/requires
.txt -> build
/bdist
.linux-x86_64
/egg/EGG-INFO
copying setuptools.egg-info
/top_level
.txt -> build
/bdist
.linux-x86_64
/egg/EGG-INFO
copying setuptools.egg-info
/zip-safe
-> build
/bdist
.linux-x86_64
/egg/EGG-INFO
creating dist
creating
'dist/setuptools-37.0.0-py2.7.egg'
and adding
'build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg'
to it
removing
'build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg'
(and everything under it)
Processing setuptools-37.0.0-py2.7.egg
Copying setuptools-37.0.0-py2.7.egg to
/usr/local/python2
.7
/lib/python2
.7
/site-packages
Adding setuptools 37.0.0 to easy-
install
.pth
file
Installing easy_install script to
/usr/local/python2
.7
/bin
Installing easy_install-2.7 script to
/usr/local/python2
.7
/bin
Installed
/usr/local/python2
.7
/lib/python2
.7
/site-packages/setuptools-37
.0.0-py2.7.egg
Processing dependencies
for
setuptools==37.0.0
Finished processing dependencies
for
setuptools==37.0.0
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3、安装OpenSSL 1.0.2l
下载 OpenSSL https://www.openssl.org/
安装pam-devel、zlib-devel
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# rpm -ivh zlib-devel-1.2.7-0.10.128.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh pam-devel-1.1.5-0.10.17.x86_64.rpm
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安装OpenSSL
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# tar -zxf openssl-1.0.2l.tar.gz
# cd openssl-1.0.2l/
# mv /etc/ssl /etc/ssl_rpm
# ./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl --openssldir=/etc/ssl shared zlib zlib-dynamic
# make && make install
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备份旧版本的openssl
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# mkdir /usr/local/openssl_rpm_bak
# mv /usr/bin/openssl /usr/local/openssl_rpm_bak/usr_bin_openssl
# mv /usr/include/openssl /usr/local/openssl_rpm_bak/usr_include_openssl
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创建或链接新版本的OpenSSL程序以及库文件
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# ln -s /usr/local/openssl/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl
# ln -s /usr/local/openssl/include/openssl /usr/include/openssl
# mkdir -pv /usr/lib64/openssl
# ln -s /usr/local/openssl/lib/engines /usr/lib64/openssl/engines
# echo "/usr/local/openssl/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
# ldconfig
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查看OpenSSL版本信息
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# openssl version
OpenSSL 1.0.2l 25 May 2017
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4、安装Python Pypi模块
1) Pycparser
安装pycparser https://pypi.python.org/simple/pycparser/
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# tar -zxf pycparser-2.18.tar.gz
# cd pycparser-2.18/
# python setup.py install
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2) cffi
安装cffi Python模块之前，需要先安装libffi
安装Libffi(http://sourceware.org/libffi/)
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# tar -zxf libffi-3.2.1.tar.gz
# ./configure && make && make install
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安装 cffi (https://pypi.python.org/simple/cffi/)
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# tar zxf cffi-1.10.0.tar.gz
# cd cffi-1.10.0/
# python setup.py install
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3) ipaddress
安装ipaddress( https://pypi.python.org/simple/ipaddress/)
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# tar -zxf ipaddress-1.0.12.tar.gz
# cd ipaddress-1.0.12/
# python setup.py install
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4) enum34
安装enum34 (https://pypi.python.org/simple/enum34/)
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# tar -zxf enum34-1.1.5.tar.gz
# cd enum34-1.1.5/
# python setup.py install
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5) six
安装six https://pypi.python.org/simple/six/
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# tar -zxf six-1.11.0.tar.gz
# cd six-1.11.0/
# python setup.py install
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6) asn1crypto
安装asn1crypto https://pypi.python.org/simple/asn1crypto/
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# tar -zxf asn1crypto-0.23.0.tar.gz
# cd asn1crypto-0.23.0/
# python setup.py install
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7) idna
安装idna https://pypi.python.org/simple/idna/
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# tar -zxf idna-2.5.tar.gz
# cd idna-2.5/
# python setup.py install
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8) cryptography
安装cryptography https://pypi.python.org/simple/cryptography/
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# tar -zxf cryptography-2.1.3.tar.gz
# cd cryptography-2.1.3/
# python setup.py install
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9) pyasn1
安装pyasn1 https://pypi.python.org/simple/pyasn1/
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# tar -zxf pyasn1-0.4.2.tar.gz
# cd pyasn1-0.4.2/
# python setup.py install
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10) PyYAML
安装PyYAML https://pypi.python.org/simple/PyYAML/
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# tar -zxf PyYAML-3.12.tar.gz
# cd PyYAML-3.12/
# python setup.py install
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11) MarkupSafe
安装MarkupSafe https://pypi.python.org/simple/MarkupSafe/
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# tar -zxf MarkupSafe-0.23.tar.gz
# cd MarkupSafe-0.23/
# python setup.py install
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12) jinja2
安装jinja2 https://pypi.python.org/simple/jinja2/
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# tar -zxf Jinja2-2.9.6.tar.gz
# cd Jinja2-2.9.6/
# python setup.py install
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13) simplejson
安装simplejson https://pypi.python.org/simple/simplejson/
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# tar -zxf simplejson-3.8.2.tar.gz
# cd simplejson-3.8.2/
# python setup.py install
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14) bcrypt
安装bcrypt https://pypi.python.org/simple/bcrypt/
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# tar -zxf bcrypt-3.1.4.tar.gz
# cd bcrypt-3.1.4/
# python setup.py install
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15) pynacl
安装pynacl https://pypi.python.org/simple/pynacl/
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# tar -zxf PyNaCl-1.2.0.tar.gz
# cd PyNaCl-1.2.0/
# python setup.py install
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16) pycurl
安装pycurl https://pypi.python.org/simple/pycurl/
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# tar -zxf pycurl-7.19.3.1.tar.gz
# cd pycurl-7.19.3.1/
# python setup.py install
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17) paramiko
安装paramiko https://pypi.python.org/simple/paramiko/
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# tar -zxf paramiko-2.2.2.tar.gz
# cd paramiko-2.2.2/
# python setup.py install
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18) pytz
安装pytz https://pypi.python.org/simple/pytz/
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# tar -zxf pytz-2016.6.tar.gz
# cd pytz-2016.6/
# python setup.py install
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19) babel
安装babel https://pypi.python.org/simple/babel/
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# tar -zxf Babel-2.3.2.tar.gz
# cd Babel-2.3.2/
# python setup.py install
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20) pycrypto
安装pycrypto https://pypi.python.org/simple/pycrypto/
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# tar -zxf pycrypto-2.6.tar.gz
# cd pycrypto-2.6/
# python setup.py install
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21) ecdsa
安装ecdsa https://pypi.python.org/simple/ecdsa/
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# tar -zxf ecdsa-0.12.tar.gz
# cd ecdsa-0.12/
# python setup.py install
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5、安装Ansible
下载Ansible最新版本的源码包 https://pypi.python.org/pypi/ansible
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# tar -zxf ansible-2.4.1.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
# cd /usr/local/ansible-2.4.1.0/
# python setup.py install
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到这Ansible就安装完成了，可以看到Ansible仅仅是作为一个Python的一个Pypi模块被安装使用。相当简单。
接下来创建Ansible配置文件就大功告成了，Ansible的主配置文件目录为/etc/ansible/。我们将配置文件重源码包里拷贝到个目录下：
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# mkdir /etc/ansible
linux-69rz:
/usr/local/ansible-2
.4.1.0
# cp examples/hosts /etc/ansible/
linux-69rz:
/usr/local/ansible-2
.4.1.0
# cp examples/ansible.cfg /etc/ansible/
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我们在/etc/ansible/hosts文件下添加被管理节点的主机或主机组的连接信息，打开这个文件在末尾添加一个组名为[hosts]的组：
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#/etc/ansible/hosts END
[hosts]
172.16.10.31
172.16.10.32
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6、配置SSH密钥
在Ansible管理主机上配置SSH密钥，我们创建一个rsa类型，字节长度为2048的密钥
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linux-69rz:
/usr/local/ansible-2
.4.1.0
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 2048
Generating public
/private
rsa key pair.
Enter
file
in
which
to save the key (
/root/
.
ssh
/id_rsa
):
Created directory
'/root/.ssh'
.
Enter passphrase (empty
for
no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved
in
/root/
.
ssh
/id_rsa
.
Your public key has been saved
in
/root/
.
ssh
/id_rsa
.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
5d:f1:b9:79:4c:62:13:08:f5:9b:ba:2a:67:09:5c:91 [MD5] root@linux-69rz
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
| .+o.. |
| E .+ o |
| .. B .|
| ... . X |
| .S.. = o|
| o . . |
| . .. |
| . + . |
| +... |
+--[MD5]----------+
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将SSH密钥发送到被管理节点主机上
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linux-69rz:
/usr/local/ansible-2
.4.1.0
# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 172.16.10.31
linux-69rz:
/usr/local/ansible-2
.4.1.0
# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 172.16.10.32
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本文转自 HMLinux 51CTO博客，原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/7424593/2045830
