ASM是ORACLE10G引入的一项新的存储管理技术，借助一个新增的ASM实例来实现对
原始设备的管理,多个原始设备被组织为一个或多个ASM磁盘卷组，存储的操作以
ASM磁盘卷组为单位进行，
所需软件包:
oracleasm-support-2.0.3-1.i386.rpm
oracleasm-2.6.9-42.EL-2.0.3-1.i686.rpm
oracleasmlib-2.0.2-1.i386.rpm
2、配置ASMLib
#/etc/init.d/oracleasm configure
Default user to own the driver interface [oracle]: oracle
Default group to own the driver interface [oinstall]: oinstall
Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) [y]: y
Fix permissions of Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) [y]: y
Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration: [ OK ]
Loading module "oracleasm": [ OK ]
Mounting ASMlib driver filesystem: [ OK ]
Scanning system for ASM disks: [ OK ]
Zx:
#ls -l /etc/init.d/*asm*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1861 Jul 6 2006 /etc/init.d/ibmasm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18084 Jul 25 2006 /etc/init.d/oracleasm
查看oracleasm启动时是否被加载:
#cd /etc/rc3.d
ls -l /etc/rc3.d/*oracleasm
查看ASM命令选项:
# /etc/init.d/oracleasm
若服务没有加载加入链接:
#ln -s ../init.d/oracleasm S29oracleasm
#ln -s ../init.d/oracleasm K01oracleasm
创建ASM磁盘:
[root@dbrac bin]# service oracleasm createdisk vol19 /dev/hda19
Marking disk "/dev/hda19" as an ASM disk: [ OK ]
[root@dbrac bin]# service oracleasm createdisk vol20 /dev/hda20
Marking disk "/dev/hda20" as an ASM disk: [ OK ]
查看ASM磁盘：
[root@dbrac bin]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm listdisks
VOL19
VOL20
如何查看ASM磁盘VOL19中有哪些设备:
[root@dbrac bin]# service oracleasm querydisk VOL19
Disk "VOL19" is a valid ASM disk on device [3, 19]
[root@dbrac bin]# ls -l /dev/hda* | grep '3, 19'
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 3, 19 Apr 20 2010 /dev/hda19
修改oracleasm脚本看看ASM信息写在系统什么位置：
vi /etc/init.d/oracleasm/listdisks
listdisks)
if [ -d "${ORACLE_ASMMANAGER}/disks/" ]
then
ls -1 "${ORACLE_ASMMANAGER}/disks/"
# echo "\${ORACLE_ASMMANAGER} = ${ORACLE_ASMMANAGER} " #将信息打印出来
fi
;;
[root@stu6 ~]# service oracleasm listdisks
VOL19
VOL20
${ORACLE_ASMMANAGER} = /dev/oracleasm #打印出来了吧!原来ASM信息写在这！
[root@dbrac bin]# cd /dev/oracleasm
[root@dbrac oracleasm]# ls
disks iid
[root@stu6 oracleasm]# cd disks
[root@dbrac disks]# ls -l
total 0
brw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 3, 19 Apr 19 21:13 VOL19
brw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 3, 20 Apr 19 21:13 VOL20
ASM磁盘的信息在系统中都得到了!
使用oracleasm删除ASM磁盘
#/etc/init.d/oracleasm deletedisk VOL4
创建ASM数据库：用向导建库，存储模式选择ASM
dbca在建库过程中会出现一个提示要求启动oracle集群同步服务（CSS）,启动方法是在root用户运行一个脚本:
#/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/localconfig add
ASM网络配置
listener.ora
########################
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = siemens)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = siemens)
)
(SID_DESC =
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = +ASM)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dbrac)(PORT = 1521))
)
#######################
tnsnames.ora
#######################
SIEMENS =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dbrac)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = siemens)
)
)
ASM =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dbrac)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = +ASM)
)
)
########################
启动时先起ASM，停库时先停数据库
启动ASM实例问题:
create and start ASM instance:
ORA-01034:ORACLE not available 重新启动后问题解决!
查看磁盘组信息：
col name for a10
SELECT group_number,name,type,state,total_mb,free_mb,offline_disks FROM V$ASM_diskgroup;
GROUP_NUMBER NAME TYPE STATE TOTAL_MB FREE_MB OFFLINE_DISKS
------------ ----- ------ ----------- ---------- ---------- -------------
1 DGA NORMAL CONNECTED 4000 1420 0
查看ASM磁盘的信息：
col group# for 99
col disk# for 99
col name for a5
col path for a11
col LABEL for a7
col FAILGROUP for a10
select GROUP_NUMBER group#,DISK_NUMBER disk#,LABEL,STATE,FAILGROUP,name,path,TOTAL_MB,FREE_MB from v$asm_disk;
GROUP# DISK# LABEL REDUNDA STATE FAILGROUP NAME PATH TOTAL_MB FREE_MB
------ ----- ------- ------- -------- ---------- ----- ----------- ---------- ----------
1 1 VOL19 UNKNOWN NORMAL FG1 DGA1 ORCL:VOL19 2000 710
1 0 VOL20 UNKNOWN NORMAL FG2 DGA2 ORCL:VOL20 2000 710
在ASM实例下为磁盘组dga增加磁盘(大小写敏感)：
alter diskgroup dgb add failgroup fg3 disk 'ORCL:VOL5' name vol5;
alter diskgroup dgb add failgroup fg3 disk '/dev/raw/raw6' name vol6;
从组中删除磁盘:
ALTER DISKGROUP dga DROP DISK vol21;
ALTER DISKGROUP dgA ADD DISK
'/dev/rdsk/c0t4d0s2' NAME A5,
'/dev/rdsk/c0t5d0s2' NAME A6,
'/dev/rdsk/c0t6d0s2' NAME A7,
'/dev/rdsk/c0t7d0s2' NAME A8;
ALTER DISKGROUP dgroupA ADD DISK '/devices/A*';
在ASM实例下删除磁盘组中的磁盘同时添加新磁盘：
ALTER DISKGROUP dgA DROP DISK vol21 ADD FAILGROUP fg3 DISK 'ORCL:VOL01' NAME VOL21;
在ASM实例下手工创建ASM磁盘组(external normal high):
<ASM磁盘>用 oracleasm createdisk 创建
CREATE DISKGROUP dgb external REDUNDANCY DISK 'ORCL:vol22' name dgb1 SIZE 1000M;
CREATE DISKGROUP dga NORMAL REDUNDANCY
FAILGROUP fg1 DISK 'ORCL:VOL01' name VOL01
FAILGROUP fg2 DISK 'ORCL:VOL02' name VOL02;
Vi $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initorac.ora
#control_files
Db_create_file_dest=’+DGA’
使用<裸设备> oracle 代替ASM磁盘
CREATE DISKGROUP dgd NORMAL REDUNDANCY
FAILGROUP controller1 DISK
'/dev/raw/raw1' NAME diskA1 SIZE 120G FORCE,
'/dev/raw/raw2',
'/dev/raw/raw3'
FAILGROUP controller2 DISK
'/dev/raw/raw4',
'/dev/raw/raw5',
'/dev/raw/raw6';
卸载磁盘组：
ALTER DISKGROUP dgA DISMOUNT;
检测磁盘组或磁盘:
ALTER DISKGROUP dga CHECK ALL;
alter diskgroup dga check disk vol19;
在模板中加入新项，默认是双镜像粗条带化模式(MIRROR 双镜像;HIGH 三镜像;UNPROTECTED 无镜像)
双镜像粗条带化（COARSE :1M）
ALTER DISKGROUP dgc ADD TEMPLATE my_template ATTRIBUTES (COARSE);
ALTER DISKGROUP dgc ADD TEMPLATE reliable ATTRIBUTES (MIRROR COARSE);
无镜像粗条带化
ALTER DISKGROUP dgc ADD TEMPLATE userdata ATTRIBUTES (UNPROTECTED);
双镜像细条带化（FINE :128K）
ALTER DISKGROUP dgc ADD TEMPLATE reliable ATTRIBUTES (MIRROR FINE);
修改模板项属性
alter diskgroup dgc alter template my_template attributes (fine);
使用自定义模板
ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST = '+dgc(my_template)';
CREATE TABLESPACE test;
删除模板中的项（模板默认选项不能删除）：
ALTER DISKGROUP dgb DROP TEMPLATE reliable;
删除数据文件：
1.数据库实例
create tablespace test;
alter tablespace test offline;
2.ASM实例：
ALTER DISKGROUP dgA DROP FILE '+DGA/siemens/datafile/test.271.716979429';
在ASM实例下创建磁盘组中的目录：
ALTER DISKGROUP dgB ADD DIRECTORY '+dgB/mydir';
为OMF文件命名别名：
ALTER DISKGROUP dgroupA ADD ALIAS '+dgroupA/mydir/datafile.dbf' FOR '+dgroupA.274.38745';
ALTER DISKGROUP dgroupA DROP ALIAS '+dgroupA/mydir/datafile.dbf';
怎样查看磁盘组中的路径：（amscmd）
磁盘组dismount
alter diskgroup group2 dismount;
show parameter asm_diskgroups
磁盘组mount
alter diskgroup group2 mount;
控制均衡容错组数据的速度:
ALTER DISKGROUP dgb REBALANCE POWER 11;
平衡速度控制参数:
asm_power_limit = 1~11
增加容错组同时将数据从其它两组向该组平衡：
ALTER DISKGROUP group1 ADD FAILGROUP fail3 DISK 'ORCL:DISK10' REBALANCE POWER 11;
检查数据库平衡速度:
SELECT group_number, operation, state, est_work, sofar, est_rate, est_minutes FROM v$asm_operation;
修改磁盘组大小:
ALTER DISKGROUP group1 RESIZE ALL SIZE 4G;
删除磁盘组：
drop diskgroup group1 including contents;
取消删除：
ALTER DISKGROUP group1 UNDROP DISKS;
向容错组添加磁盘:纪录在+ASM/bdump/alert_+ASM.log，数据从该容错组中的其它磁盘向该盘平衡
从组中删除容错组：
如果有挂起则不能添加!提示ORA-15029: disk 'ORCL:DISK2' is already mounted by this instance!
HUNG如何处理:除非将组删除!但数据何处去?
ALTER DISKGROUP group1 ADD FAILGROUP fail1 DISK 'ORCL:DISK6' REBALANCE POWER 11;
恶意测试:破坏ASM磁盘数据
dd if=/dev/zero f=/dev/hda19 bs=10M count=20
删除垃圾文件：
1.得到卷组中的所有文件信息(在ASM实例):
select file_number,name from v$asm_alias;
2.找到有用文件(在数据库实例)
show parameter spfile
select name from v$datafile;
select name from v$controlfile;
select member from v$logfile;
---oracle10g----
V$ASM_TEMPLATE
V$ASM_ALIAS
V$ASM_FILE
V$ASM_CLIENT
V$ASM_DISKGROUP
V$ASM_DISKGROUP_STAT
V$ASM_DISK
V$ASM_DISK_STAT
V$ASM_OPERATION
---oracle11g----
V$ASM_ATTRIBUTE
V$ASM_DISK_IOSTAT
ASMCMD:
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM
asmcmd -p (-p 选项可以在提示中显示当前路径)
rm 删除文件
lsdg （list diskgroup）查看 ASM 实例挂载的磁盘，分配的空间大小、可用空间大小和脱机磁盘
du （disk utilization ）查看目录内部已使用的空间大小
du +disk/test/controlfile
find -t CONRTOLFILE +group1/oraasm/ *
mkalias TEST_ASM.281.637521303 TEST_ASM01.DBF
本文转自东方之子736651CTO博客，原文链接： http://blog.51cto.com/ecloud/1184009，如需转载请自行联系原作者
