在Oracle10g下，我们可以使用RMANduplicate命令创建一个具有不同DBID的复制库。到了Oracle11gR2，RMAN的duplicate有2种方法实现：
1.Activedatabaseduplication
2.Backup-basedduplication
Activedatabaseduplication通过网络，直接copytarget库到auxiliary库，然后创建复制库。这种方法就不需要先用RMAN备份数据库，然后将备份文件发送到auxiliary端。
这个功能的作用是非常大的。尤其是对T级别的库。因为对这样的库进行备份，然后将备份集发送到备库，在进行duplicate的代价是非常大的。一备份要占用时间，二要占用备份空间，三在网络传送的时候，还需要占用带宽和时间。所以Activedatabaseduplicate很好的解决了以上的问题。它对大库的迁移非常有用。
如果是从RACduplicate到单实例，操作是一样的。如果是从单实例duplicate到RAC。那么先duplicate到单实例。然后将单实例转换成RAC。
下面我们看一下11gR2下，ActiveDatabaseDuplicate的步骤如下：
1.创建Auxiliary库的InitializationParameter：
如果使用spfile，那么在pfile文件里只需要设置一个DB_NAME参数，其他参数会在duplicate命令中自己设置。
如果使用pfile，那么需要设置如下参数：
DB_NAME
CONTROL_FILES
DB_BLOCK_SIZE
DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT
LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT
DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
2.在Auxiliary库创建PasswordFile文件
对于Backup-basedduplication，PasswordFile不是必须的，但是对于ActiveDatabaseDuplication，PasswordFile是必须的。因为ActiveDatabaseDuplication使用相同的SYSDBA密码直接连接到auxiliary库。所以，确保target和Auxiliary库的SYSDBA密码一样很重要。
当然，我们也可以在duplicate命令中加上PASSWORDFILE选项（也是默认值），这样RMAN在copy的时候也会从target库把密码文件copy过来，如果auxiliary库上已经存在了Passwordfile，那么该操作会重写那个文件。
如：
RMAN>DUPLICATETARGETDATABASETODave
2>FROMACTIVEDATABASE
3>NOFILENAMECHECK
4>PASSWORDFILE
5>SPFILE;
3.如果是windows平台，还需要创建Databaseservice：
%setORACLE_SID=DAVE
%setORACLE_HOME=E:/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1
%oradim-NEW-SIDDAVE
4.配置oraclenet，修改listener.ora和thetnsnames.ora文件：
在Target库和Auxiliary都要修改。这个也可以使用netca和netmgr命令配置。
Listener.ora
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh1admin]$catlistener.ora
LISTENER=
(DESCRIPTION_LIST=
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost6.localdomain6)(PORT=1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER=/u01/app/oracle
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
(SID_LIST=
(SID_DESC=
(GLOBAL_DBNAME=orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME=orcl)
)
)
tnsname.ora
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh1admin]$cattnsnames.ora
ORCL_ST=
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS_LIST=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.2.43)(PORT=1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA=
(SERVICE_NAME=orcl)
)
)
ORCL_PD=
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS_LIST=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.2.42)(PORT=1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA=
(SERVICE_NAME=orcl)
)
)
5.用第一步创建的pfile文件，将Auxiliary启动到nomout状态。然后进行ActiveDatabaseduplicate。
我们看一个完整的复制示例：
TargetDB：
IP:192.168.2.42
SID：orcl
Auxiliary：
IP：192.168.2.43
SID:orcl
我这里复制的目录相同。如果不同的话需要在pfile里面加入db_file_name_convert和log_file_name_convert.
1.在Auxiliary创建pfile参数文件：
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2dbs]$pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2dbs]$catinitorcl.ora
DB_NAME=orcl
只有一个参数：DB_NAME
2.在Auxiliary库上创建口令文件
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2admin]$orapwdfile=?/dbs/orapworclpassword=oracle
3.在Auxiliary库创建相关的目录结构：
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2trace]$mkdir-p/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl
不然在duplicate时会报如下错误：
ORA-19505:failedtoidentifyfile"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf"
ORA-27040:filecreateerror,unabletocreatefile
4.启动Auxiliary到nomout状态：
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2admin]$sqlplus/nolog
SQL*Plus:Release11.2.0.1.0ProductiononTueMar800:28:482011
Copyright(c)1982,2009,Oracle.Allrightsreserved.
SQL>conn/assysdba;
Connectedtoanidleinstance.
SQL>startupnomountpfile=?/dbs/initorcl.ora
ORACLEinstancestarted.
TotalSystemGlobalArea146472960bytes
FixedSize1335080bytes
VariableSize92274904bytes
DatabaseBuffers50331648bytes
RedoBuffers2531328bytes
SQL>
5.在Target和Auxiliary都配置OracleNet（Listener.oraandtnsnames.ora）：
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh1admin]$catlistener.ora
LISTENER=
(DESCRIPTION_LIST=
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost6.localdomain6)(PORT=1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER=/u01/app/oracle
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
(SID_LIST=
(SID_DESC=
(GLOBAL_DBNAME=orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME=orcl)
)
)
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh1admin]$cattnsnames.ora
ORCL_ST=
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS_LIST=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.2.43)(PORT=1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA=
(SERVICE_NAME=orcl)
)
)
ORCL_PD=
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS_LIST=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.2.42)(PORT=1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA=
(SERVICE_NAME=orcl)
)
)
6.开始RMANduplicatefromactivedatabase：
注意：如果target和Auxiliary库的目录结构相同，记得加上nofilenamecheck参数，不然会报如下错误：
RMAN-05001:auxiliaryfilename/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbfconflictswithafileusedbythetargetdatabase
如果目录不同，在pfile里加如下2个参数进行转换：
db_file_name_convert
log_file_name_convert.
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2dbs]$rmantargetsys/oracle@orcl_pdauxiliarysys/oracle@orcl_st
RecoveryManager:Release11.2.0.1.0-ProductiononTueMar801:01:422011
Copyright(c)1982,2009,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.
connectedtotargetdatabase:ORCL(DBID=1272955137)
connectedtoauxiliarydatabase:ORCL(notmounted)
RMAN>duplicatetargetdatabasetoorclfromactivedatabasenofilenamecheck;
StartingDuplicateDbat08-MAR-11
usingtargetdatabasecontrolfileinsteadofrecoverycatalog
allocatedchannel:ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channelORA_AUX_DISK_1:SID=20devicetype=DISK
contentsofMemoryScript:
{
sqlclone"createspfilefrommemory";
}
executingMemoryScript
sqlstatement:createspfilefrommemory
contentsofMemoryScript:
{
shutdowncloneimmediate;
startupclonenomount;
}
executingMemoryScript
Oracleinstanceshutdown
connectedtoauxiliarydatabase(notstarted)
Oracleinstancestarted
TotalSystemGlobalArea146472960bytes
FixedSize1335080bytes
VariableSize92274904bytes
DatabaseBuffers50331648bytes
RedoBuffers2531328bytes
contentsofMemoryScript:
{
sqlclone"altersystemsetdb_name=
''ORCL''comment=
''ModifiedbyRMANduplicate''scope=spfile";
sqlclone"altersystemsetdb_unique_name=
''ORCL''comment=
''ModifiedbyRMANduplicate''scope=spfile";
shutdowncloneimmediate;
startupcloneforcenomount
backupascopycurrentcontrolfileauxiliaryformat'/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/cntrlorcl.dbf';
alterclonedatabasemount;
}
executingMemoryScript
sqlstatement:altersystemsetdb_name=''ORCL''comment=''ModifiedbyRMANduplicate''scope=spfile
sqlstatement:altersystemsetdb_unique_name=''ORCL''comment=''ModifiedbyRMANduplicate''scope=spfile
Oracleinstanceshutdown
Oracleinstancestarted
TotalSystemGlobalArea146472960bytes
FixedSize1335080bytes
VariableSize92274904bytes
DatabaseBuffers50331648bytes
RedoBuffers2531328bytes
Startingbackupat08-MAR-11
allocatedchannel:ORA_DISK_1
channelORA_DISK_1:SID=43devicetype=DISK
channelORA_DISK_1:startingdatafilecopy
copyingcurrentcontrolfile
outputfilename=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.ftag=TAG20110308T010214RECID=3STAMP=745203735
channelORA_DISK_1:datafilecopycomplete,elapsedtime:00:00:01
Finishedbackupat08-MAR-11
databasemounted
contentsofMemoryScript:
{
setnewnamefordatafile1to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf";
setnewnamefordatafile2to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf";
setnewnamefordatafile3to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf";
setnewnamefordatafile4to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf";
backupascopyreuse
datafile1auxiliaryformat
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf"datafile
2auxiliaryformat
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf"datafile
3auxiliaryformat
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf"datafile
4auxiliaryformat
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf";
sql'altersystemarchivelogcurrent';
}
executingMemoryScript
executingcommand:SETNEWNAME
executingcommand:SETNEWNAME
executingcommand:SETNEWNAME
executingcommand:SETNEWNAME
Startingbackupat08-MAR-11
usingchannelORA_DISK_1
channelORA_DISK_1:startingdatafilecopy
--在这里开始copy数据文件，比较慢。
inputdatafilefilenumber=00001name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
outputfilename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbftag=TAG20110308T010221
channelORA_DISK_1:datafilecopycomplete,elapsedtime:00:00:45
channelORA_DISK_1:startingdatafilecopy
inputdatafilefilenumber=00002name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
outputfilename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbftag=TAG20110308T010221
channelORA_DISK_1:datafilecopycomplete,elapsedtime:00:00:35
channelORA_DISK_1:startingdatafilecopy
inputdatafilefilenumber=00003name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
outputfilename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbftag=TAG20110308T010221
channelORA_DISK_1:datafilecopycomplete,elapsedtime:00:00:15
channelORA_DISK_1:startingdatafilecopy
inputdatafilefilenumber=00004name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
outputfilename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbftag=TAG20110308T010221
channelORA_DISK_1:datafilecopycomplete,elapsedtime:00:00:01
Finishedbackupat08-MAR-11
sqlstatement:altersystemarchivelogcurrent
contentsofMemoryScript:
{
backupascopyreuse
archiveloglike"/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2011_03_08/o1_mf_1_7_6qb3zyoo_.arc"auxiliaryformat
"/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_7_745174404.dbf";
catalogclonearchivelog"/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_7_745174404.dbf";
switchclonedatafileall;
}
executingMemoryScript
Startingbackupat08-MAR-11
usingchannelORA_DISK_1
channelORA_DISK_1:startingarchivedlogcopy
inputarchivedlogthread=1sequence=7RECID=3STAMP=745203841
outputfilename=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_7_745174404.dbfRECID=0STAMP=0
channelORA_DISK_1:archivedlogcopycomplete,elapsedtime:00:00:07
Finishedbackupat08-MAR-11
catalogedarchivedlog
archivedlogfilename=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_7_745174404.dbfRECID=3STAMP=745203848
datafile1switchedtodatafilecopy
inputdatafilecopyRECID=3STAMP=745203849filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
datafile2switchedtodatafilecopy
inputdatafilecopyRECID=4STAMP=745203849filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
datafile3switchedtodatafilecopy
inputdatafilecopyRECID=5STAMP=745203849filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
datafile4switchedtodatafilecopy
inputdatafilecopyRECID=6STAMP=745203849filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
contentsofMemoryScript:
{
setuntilscn844147;
recover
clonedatabase
deletearchivelog
;
}
executingMemoryScript
executingcommand:SETuntilclause
Startingrecoverat08-MAR-11
allocatedchannel:ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channelORA_AUX_DISK_1:SID=18devicetype=DISK
startingmediarecovery
archivedlogforthread1withsequence7isalreadyondiskasfile/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_7_745174404.dbf
archivedlogfilename=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_7_745174404.dbfthread=1sequence=7
mediarecoverycomplete,elapsedtime:00:00:01
Finishedrecoverat08-MAR-11
contentsofMemoryScript:
{
shutdowncloneimmediate;
startupclonenomount;
sqlclone"altersystemsetdb_name=
''ORCL''comment=
''ResettooriginalvaluebyRMAN''scope=spfile";
sqlclone"altersystemresetdb_unique_namescope=spfile";
shutdowncloneimmediate;
startupclonenomount;
}
executingMemoryScript
databasedismounted
Oracleinstanceshutdown
connectedtoauxiliarydatabase(notstarted)
Oracleinstancestarted
TotalSystemGlobalArea146472960bytes
FixedSize1335080bytes
VariableSize92274904bytes
DatabaseBuffers50331648bytes
RedoBuffers2531328bytes
sqlstatement:altersystemsetdb_name=''ORCL''comment=''ResettooriginalvaluebyRMAN''scope=spfile
sqlstatement:altersystemresetdb_unique_namescope=spfile
Oracleinstanceshutdown
connectedtoauxiliarydatabase(notstarted)
Oracleinstancestarted
TotalSystemGlobalArea146472960bytes
FixedSize1335080bytes
VariableSize92274904bytes
DatabaseBuffers50331648bytes
RedoBuffers2531328bytes
sqlstatement:CREATECONTROLFILEREUSESETDATABASE"ORCL"RESETLOGSARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES16
MAXLOGMEMBERS3
MAXDATAFILES100
MAXINSTANCES8
MAXLOGHISTORY292
LOGFILE
GROUP1('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log')SIZE50MREUSE,
GROUP2('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log')SIZE50MREUSE,
GROUP3('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log')SIZE50MREUSE
DATAFILE
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf'
CHARACTERSETZHS16GBK
contentsofMemoryScript:
{
setnewnamefortempfile1to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf";
switchclonetempfileall;
catalogclonedatafilecopy"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf",
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf",
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf";
switchclonedatafileall;
}
executingMemoryScript
executingcommand:SETNEWNAME
renamedtempfile1to/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbfincontrolfile
catalogeddatafilecopy
datafilecopyfilename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbfRECID=1STAMP=745203867
catalogeddatafilecopy
datafilecopyfilename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbfRECID=2STAMP=745203867
catalogeddatafilecopy
datafilecopyfilename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbfRECID=3STAMP=745203867
datafile2switchedtodatafilecopy
inputdatafilecopyRECID=1STAMP=745203867filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
datafile3switchedtodatafilecopy
inputdatafilecopyRECID=2STAMP=745203867filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
datafile4switchedtodatafilecopy
inputdatafilecopyRECID=3STAMP=745203867filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
contentsofMemoryScript:
{
Alterclonedatabaseopenresetlogs;
}
executingMemoryScript
databaseopened
FinishedDuplicateDbat08-MAR-11
RMAN>
复制结束。查询：
Target库：
SQL>selectname,dbidfromv$database;
NAMEDBID
-------------------
ORCL1272955137
Auxiliary库：
SQL>selectname,dbidfromv$database;
NAMEDBID
-------------------
ORCL1272984602
本文转自东方之子736651CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/ecloud/1323025 ，如需转载请自行联系原作者
