MySQL数据库主从同步
环境描述：
主数据库master ip：192.168.1.205:3306
从数据库slave ip：192.168.1.206:3306
源码安装Mysql-5.5.46请移步：http://linuxzkq.blog.51cto.com/9379412/1700082，这里不在描述
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配置步骤：
a.主数据库配置步骤
1、开启主数据库的binlog（二进制日志功能），并设置server-id
2、创建用于同步数据的账号rep
3、锁表并查看当前日志名称和位置(pos)
4、备份当前主数据库的全部数据（全备）
5、解锁主数据库，让主数据库继续提供服务
6、继续往主数据库写数据
b.从数据库配置步骤
1、把主数据库备份的全备数据恢复到从数据库
2、设置从数据库server-id，并确保这个ID没有被别的MySQL服务所使用。
3、在从数据库上设置主从同步的相关信息，如主数据库服务器的IP地址、端口号、同步账号、密码、binlog文件名、binlog位置(pos)点
4、开始主从同步start slave；
5、查看是否同步成功，show slavestatus\G;
############################################################################
主数据库配置:
##################################################################
开启主数据库的binlog（二进制日志功能），并设置server-id
[root@web1 ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf
server-id = 1
log-bin=mysql-bin
[root@web1 ~]# egrep "server-id|log-bin" /etc/my.cnf
server-id = 1
log-bin=mysql-bin
##################################################################
重启数据库
[root@web1 ~]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.......... SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL.......... SUCCESS!
[root@web1 ~]# netstat -tunlp|grep mysqld
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 16530/mysqld
[root@web1 ~]# lsof -i:3306
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODENAME
mysqld 16530 mysql 11u IPv4 52627 0t0 TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)
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查看是否记录二进制日志
[root@web1 ~]# ll /application/data/mysql-bin.000001
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 2629 Oct 2 15:35 /application/data/mysql-bin.000001 #有此文件，证明在记录二进制日志
##################################################################
主数据库中创建测试用的数据库和表
mysql> create database test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> create table test(id int(3),namechar(10));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)
mysql> insert into test values(001,'mytest');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.14 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
##################################################################
查看是否开启binlog（二进制日志功能）
mysql> show variables like 'log_bin';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| log_bin | ON |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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创建用于同步数据的账号rep
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'rep'@'192.168.1.%'identified by 'rep123456';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+-------------+
| user | host |
+------+-------------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| rep | 192.168.1.% |
| root | localhost |
+------+-------------+
3 rows in set (0.04 sec)
##################################################################
锁表
mysql> flush table withread lock;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
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查看当前二进制日志名称和位置(pos)
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB |Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 107 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)
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备份当前主数据库的数据
[root@web1 ~]# mysqldump-uroot -p87003891214 -A -B -F--master-data=2 --events | gzip > /tmp/mysql_bak.$(date +%F).sql.gz
[root@web1 ~]# ll /tmp
total 156
drwxrwxrwt. 2 tomcat tomcat 4096 Oct 2 09:33 hsperfdata_tomcat
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 151317 Oct 2 20:08mysql_bak.2015-10-02.sql.gz
-rwxrwxrwt. 1 root root 0 Aug 13 11:55 yum.log
解锁主数据库
mysql> unlock tables;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
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从数据库配置:
######################################################
把主数据库备份的全备数据恢复到从数据库
[root@web1 ~]# scp /tmp/mysql_bak.2015-10-02.sql.gzroot@192.168.1.206:~
root@192.168.1.206's password:
mysql_bak.2015-10-02.sq 100% 148KB 147.8KB/s 00:00
[root@web2 ~]# ll mysql_bak.2015-10-02.sql.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 151317 Aug 19 07:37 mysql_bak.2015-10-02.sql.gz
[root@web2 ~]# gzip -d mysql_bak.2015-10-02.sql.gz
[root@web2 ~]# mysql -uroot -p87003891214 < mysql_bak.2015-10-02.sql
[root@web2 ~]# mysql -uroot -p87003891214 -e "showdatabases;"
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
[root@web2 ~]# mysql -uroot -p87003891214 -e "usetest;select * from test;"
+------+--------+
| id | name |
+------+--------+
| 1 | mytest|
+------+--------+
###############################################################
设置从数据库server-id，并确保这个ID没有被别的MySQL服务所使用
[root@web2 ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf
server-id = 2
[root@web2 ~]# grep "server-id" /etc/my.cnf
server-id = 2
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在从数据库上设置主从同步的相关信息，如主数据库服务器的IP地址、端口号、同步账号、密码、binlog文件名、binlog位置(pos)点
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.205',
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_USER='rep',
MASTER_PASSWORD='rep123456',
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',
MASTER_LOG_POS=107;
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开始主从同步start slave；
mysql> start slave;
查看是否同步成功，show slave status\G;
mysql> show slavestatus\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting formaster to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.1.205
Master_User: rep
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File:mysql-bin.000008
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107
Relay_Log_File:web2-relay-bin.000014
Relay_Log_Pos: 253
Relay_Master_Log_File:mysql-bin.000008
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 107
Relay_Log_Space: 451
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert:No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
其中Slave_IO_Running 与 Slave_SQL_Running 的值都必须为YES,代表主从同步成功了。
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继续往test表中插入数据
mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> insert into test values(002,'mytest2');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into test values(003,'mytest3');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)
mysql> insert into test values(004,'mytest4');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
查看从数据库的表
mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> select * from test;
+------+---------+
| id | name |
+------+---------+
| 1 | mytest |
| 2 | mytest2 |
| 3 | mytest3 |
| 4 | mytest4 |
+------+---------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
本文转自 linuxzkq 51CTO博客，原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/linuxzkq/1700094
