Nginx安装
1、下载安装包安装:
[root@centos7 package]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz
tar zxvf nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.12.1/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
make && make install
echo $?
2、创建启动脚本
[root@centos7 nginx-1.12.1]# cat /etc/init.d/nginx
#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: - 30 21
# description: http service.
# Source Function Library
. /etc/init.d/functions
# Nginx Settings
NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
RETVAL=0
prog="Nginx"
start()
{
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_temp
daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
stop()
{
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM
rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
reload()
{
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
restart()
{
stop
start
}
configtest()
{
$NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t
return 0
}
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
reload)
reload
;;
restart)
restart
;;
configtest)
configtest
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}"
RETVAL=1
esac
exit $RETVAL
3、检查语法
[root@centos7 nginx-1.12.1]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
4、chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
chkconfig --add nginx
chkconfig nginx on
5、创建配置文件nginx.conf
[root@centos7 nginx-1.12.1]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@centos7 conf]# mv nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak
[root@centos7 conf]# vi nginx.conf
user nobody nobody;
#定义启动Nginx的用户
worker_processes 2;
#定义子进程数目
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
#指定Nginx最多可打开的文件数目
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 6000;
#进程最大连接数
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;
server_names_hash_max_size 4096;
log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]'
' $host "$request_uri" $status'
' "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 30;
client_header_timeout 3m;
client_body_timeout 3m;
send_timeout 3m;
connection_pool_size 256;
client_header_buffer_size 1k;
large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;
request_pool_size 4k;
output_buffers 4 32k;
postpone_output 1460;
client_max_body_size 10m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp;
proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;
fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
tcp_nodelay on;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 8k;
gzip_comp_level 5;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm
application/xml;
server
#虚拟主机
{
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /usr/local/nginx/html;
location ~ \.php$
#配置PHP解析
{
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
}
}
}
6、启动
[root@centos7 conf]# /etc/init.d/nginx start
Starting nginx (via systemctl): [ OK ]
验证nginx:
1、
[root@centos7 conf]# vim /usr/local/nginx/html/1.php
<?php
echo "welcom to nginx1.12 text";
?>
[root@centos7 conf]# curl localhost/1.php
welcom to nginx1.12 text
默认虚拟主机
1、在配置文件中新增“include vhost/*.conf;”
[root@centos7 conf]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@centos7 conf]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;
server_names_hash_max_size 4096;
log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]'
' $host "$request_uri" $status'
' "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
include vhost/*.conf;
[root@centos7 conf]# mkdir vhost
[root@centos7 conf]# cd vhost/
[root@centos7 vhost]# vim aaa.com.conf
2、
[root@centos7 conf]# mkdir vhost
[root@centos7 conf]# cd vhost/
3、
[root@centos7 vhost]# vim aaa.com.conf
server
{
listen 80 default_server;
#有'default_server'标记的就是默认虚拟主机
server_name aaa.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/wwwroot/default;
}
4、
[root@centos7 vhost]# mkdir -p /data/wwwroot/default
[root@centos7 vhost]# cd /data/wwwroot/default
[root@centos7 default]# vim index.html
This is the default directory.
5、加载
[root@centos7 default]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
6、验证
[root@centos7 default]# curl 127.0.0.1:80
This is the default directory
Nginx用户认证
1、
[root@centos7 vhost]# vim test.com.conf
server
{
listen 80;
server_name test.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/wwwroot/test.com;
location /
{
auth_basic "Auth";
auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
#指定用户的密码文件
}
}
2、创建密码文件
需要用到Apache的/usr/local/apache/bin/htpasswd命令;若是没有,需要安装:
yum install -y httpd
3、创建密码文件
[root@centos7 default]# htpasswd -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd shenjie
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user shenjie
第一次创建就用-c;第二次就需要用-m,不然还是用-c会覆盖之前创建的
4、创建web站点目录
[root@centos7 default]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@centos7 default]# mkdir /data/wwwroot/test.com
[root@centos7 default]# echo "This is test.com" >/data/wwwroot/test.com/index.html
验证:
[root@centos7 default]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com -ushenjie:123456
This is test.com
列出目录及文件:
server
{
listen 80;
charset utf-8,gbk;
server_name test.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/wwwroot/test.com;
autoindex on;
autoindex_exact_size off;
autoindex_localtime on;
location /
{
auth_basic "Auth";
auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
}
}
访问test.com,就可以看到目录下的文件及目录
配置.php结尾的文件
1、[root@centos7 test.com]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf
location ~ \.php$
#匹配以php结尾的文件
{
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock; #也可以用127.0.0.1:9000
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /data/wwwroot/test.com$fastcgi_script_name;
}
}
验证:
[root@centos7 test.com]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/index.php
test.com php.index
Nginx域名重定向
1、[root@centos7 test.com]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf
server
{
listen 80;
server_name test.com test2.com test3.com;
#使用多个域名,当主机不是test.com时就跳转到test.com域名上,permanent301永久跳转
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/wwwroot/test.com;
if ($host != 'test.com' ) {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://test.com/$1 permanent;
}
#使用rewrite模块
验证:
[root@centos7 test.com]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test3.com -I
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Server: nginx/1.12.1
Date: Fri, 10 Nov 2017 08:51:28 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 185
Connection: keep-alive
Location: http://test.com/
扩展:Nginx配置文件详解
#定义Nginx运行的用户和用户组
user www www;
#nginx进程数,建议设置为等于CPU总核心数。
worker_processes 8;
#全局错误日志定义类型,[ debug | info | notice | warn | error | crit ]
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log info;
#进程文件
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
#一个nginx进程打开的最多文件描述符数目,理论值应该是最多打开文件数(系统的值ulimit -n)与nginx进程数相除,但是nginx分配请求并不均匀,所以建议与ulimit -n的值保持一致。
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
#工作模式与连接数上限
events
{
#参考事件模型,use [ kqueue | rtsig | epoll | /dev/poll | select | poll ]; epoll模型是Linux 2.6以上版本内核中的高性能网络I/O模型,如果跑在FreeBSD上面,就用kqueue模型。
use epoll;
#单个进程最大连接数(最大连接数=连接数*进程数)
worker_connections 65535;
}
#设定http服务器
http
{
include mime.types; #文件扩展名与文件类型映射表
default_type application/octet-stream; #默认文件类型
#charset utf-8; #默认编码
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; #服务器名字的hash表大小
client_header_buffer_size 32k; #客户请求头缓冲大小吧
large_client_header_buffers 4 64k; #设定请求缓
client_max_body_size 8m; #上传文件大小限制
sendfile on; #开启高效文件传输模式,sendfile指令指定nginx是否调用sendfile函数来输出文件,对于普通应用设为 on,如果用来进行下载等应用磁盘IO重负载应用,可设置为off,以平衡磁盘与网络I/O处理速度,降低系统的负载。注意:如果图片显示不正常把这个改成off。
autoindex on; #开启目录列表访问,合适下载服务器,默认关闭。
tcp_nopush on; #防止网络阻塞
tcp_nodelay on; #防止网络阻塞
keepalive_timeout 120; #长连接超时时间,单位是秒
#FastCGI相关参数是为了改善网站的性能:减少资源占用,提高访问速度。下面参数看字面意思都能理解。
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
#gzip模块设置
gzip on; #开启gzip压缩输出
gzip_min_length 1k; #最小压缩文件大小
gzip_buffers 4 16k; #压缩缓冲区
gzip_http_version 1.0; #压缩版本(默认1.1,前端如果是squid2.5请使用1.0)
gzip_comp_level 2; #压缩等级
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
#压缩类型,默认就已经包含text/html,所以下面就不用再写了,写上去也不会有问题,但是会有一个warn。
gzip_vary on;
#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m; #开启限制IP连接数的时候需要使用
upstream blog.ha97.com {
#upstream的负载均衡,weight是权重,可以根据机器配置定义权重。weigth参数表示权值,权值越高被分配到的几率越大。
server 192.168.80.121:80 weight=3;
server 192.168.80.122:80 weight=2;
server 192.168.80.123:80 weight=3;
}
#虚拟主机的配置
server
{
#监听端口
listen 80;
#域名可以有多个,用空格隔开
server_name www.ha97.com ha97.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/www/ha97;
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
{
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
#图片缓存时间设置
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
{
expires 10d;
}
#JS和CSS缓存时间设置
location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
{
expires 1h;
}
#日志格式设定
log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
#定义本虚拟主机的访问日志
access_log /var/log/nginx/ha97access.log access;
#对 "/" 启用反向代理
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:88;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
#后端的Web服务器可以通过X-Forwarded-For获取用户真实IP
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
#以下是一些反向代理的配置,可选。
proxy_set_header Host $host;
client_max_body_size 10m; #允许客户端请求的最大单文件字节数
client_body_buffer_size 128k; #缓冲区代理缓冲用户端请求的最大字节数,
proxy_connect_timeout 90; #nginx跟后端服务器连接超时时间(代理连接超时)
proxy_send_timeout 90; #后端服务器数据回传时间(代理发送超时)
proxy_read_timeout 90; #连接成功后,后端服务器响应时间(代理接收超时)
proxy_buffer_size 4k; #设置代理服务器(nginx)保存用户头信息的缓冲区大小
proxy_buffers 4 32k; #proxy_buffers缓冲区,网页平均在32k以下的设置
proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k; #高负荷下缓冲大小(proxy_buffers*2)
proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
#设定缓存文件夹大小,大于这个值,将从upstream服务器传
}
#设定查看Nginx状态的地址
location /NginxStatus {
stub_status on;
access_log on;
auth_basic "NginxStatus";
auth_basic_user_file conf/htpasswd;
#htpasswd文件的内容可以用apache提供的htpasswd工具来产生。
}
#本地动静分离反向代理配置
#所有jsp的页面均交由tomcat或resin处理
location ~ .(jsp|jspx|do)?$ {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
}
#所有静态文件由nginx直接读取不经过tomcat或resin
location ~ .*.(htm|html|gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|ioc|rar|zip|txt|flv|mid|doc|ppt|pdf|xls|mp3|wma)$
{ expires 15d; }
location ~ .*.(js|css)?$
{ expires 1h; }
}
}