环境：
OS： CentOS 6.6
IP： 172.16.66.100
Nginx： nginx-1.6.2
PHP： php-5.4.40
Xcache： xcache-3.2.0
Mysql： mariadb-5.5.43
一、前期环境准备：
1、根据官方ISO 创建本地yum源
[root@1inux ~]# mkdir /mnt/cd
[root@1inux ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cd
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@1inux ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@1inux yum.repos.d]# vim cd.repo
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[CD]
name=CentOS-
$releasever
- Base
baseurl=file:
///mnt/cd
enable=1
gpgcheck=0
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2、安装开发环境及必要的安装包
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[root@1inux yum.repos.d]# yum -y groupinstall
"Development tools"
"Server Platform Development"
[root@1inux yum.repos.d]# yum -y install pcre-devel
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二、安装Nginx
1、创建用户
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[root@1inux ~]# groupadd -g 60 nginx
[root@1inux ~]# useradd -g 60 -u 60 -r -s /sbin/nologin nginx
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2、创建编译安装时需要的目录
[root@1inux nginx-1.6.2]# mkdir -pv /var/tmp/nginx/{client,proxy,fastcgi,uwsgi,scgi}
3、编译安装nginx
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[root@1inux tmp]# tar xf nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz
[root@1inux tmp]# cd nginx-1.6.2
[root@1inux nginx-1.6.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --user=nginx --group=nginx --error-log-path=/
var
/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/
var
/log/nginx/access.log --pid-path=/
var
/run/nginx/nginx.pid --lock-path=/
var
/lock/nginx.lock --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --http-client-body-temp-path=/
var
/tmp/nginx/client --http-proxy-temp-path=/
var
/tmp/nginx/proxy --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/
var
/tmp/nginx/fastcgi --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/
var
/tmp/nginx/uwsgi --http-scgi-temp-path=/
var
/tmp/nginx/scgi
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4、为nginx提供SysV init脚本
[root@1inux nginx-1.6.2]# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx
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#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script starts
and
stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
# proxy
and
IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile: /
var
/run/nginx.pid
# Source
function
library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[
"$NETWORKING"
=
"no"
] &&
exit
0
nginx=
"/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(
basename
$nginx
)
NGINX_CONF_FILE=
"/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
lockfile=/
var
/lock/nginx.lock
make_dirs() {
# make required directories
user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep
"configure arguments:"
| sed
's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g'
-`
options=`
$nginx
-V 2>&1 | grep
'configure arguments:'
`
for
opt in
$options
;
do
if
[ `
echo
$opt
| grep
'.*-temp-path'
` ]; then
value=`
echo
$opt
| cut -d
"="
-f 2`
if
[ ! -d
"$value"
]; then
#
echo
"creating"
$value
mkdir
-p
$value
&&
chown
-R
$user
$value
fi
fi
done
}
start() {
[ -x
$nginx
] ||
exit
5
[ -f
$NGINX_CONF_FILE
] ||
exit
6
make_dirs
echo
-n $
"Starting $prog: "
daemon
$nginx
-c
$NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[
$retval
-eq 0 ] && touch
$lockfile
return
$retval
}
stop() {
echo
-n $
"Stopping $prog: "
killproc
$prog
-QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[
$retval
-eq 0 ] && rm -f
$lockfile
return
$retval
}
restart() {
configtest ||
return
$?
stop
sleep 1
start
}
reload() {
configtest ||
return
$?
echo
-n $
"Reloading $prog: "
killproc
$nginx
-HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
configtest() {
$nginx
-t -c
$NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
status
$prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case
"$1"
in
start)
rh_status_q &&
exit
0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q ||
exit
0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q ||
exit
7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|
try
-restart)
rh_status_q ||
exit
0
;;
*)
echo
$
"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit
2
esac
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添加执行权限
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[root@1inux nginx-1.6.2]#
chmod
+x /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx
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6、修改PATH环境变量，让系统可以直接使用nginx的相关命令
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[root@1inux nginx-1.6.2]#
echo
"export PATH=/usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH"
> /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh
重载文件
[root@1inux nginx-1.6.2]# . /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh
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7、添加至服务管理列表，并让其开机自动启动
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[root@1inux nginx-1.6.2]# chkconfig --add nginx
[root@1inux nginx-1.6.2]# service nginx start
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三、安装Mariadb
1、创建数据存放的文件系统--LVM
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[root@1inux nginx-1.6.2]# fdisk /dev/sda
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch
off the mode (command
'c'
)
and
change display units to
sectors (command
'u'
).
Command (m
for
help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 3
First cylinder (7859-10443,
default
7859):
Using
default
value 7859
Last cylinder, +cylinders
or
+size{K,M,G} (7859-10443,
default
10443): +6G
Command (m
for
help): t
Partition number (1-4): 3
Hex code (type L to list codes): 83
Command (m
for
help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device
or
resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The
new
table will be used at
the next reboot
or
after you run partprobe(8)
or
kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
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让内核识别分区表
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[root@1inux nginx-1.6.2]# partx -a /dev/sda
[root@1inux nginx-1.6.2]# partx -a /dev/sda
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创建LVM
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[root@1inux nginx-1.6.2]# pvcreate /dev/sda3
[root@1inux nginx-1.6.2]# vgcreate myvg /dev/sda3
[root@1inux nginx-1.6.2]# lvcreate -L 4G -n mydata myvg
[root@1inux nginx-1.6.2]# mke2fs -t ext4 -L MYDATA /dev/myvg/mydata
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2、编辑fstab文件自动挂载
[root@1inux nginx-1.6.2]# vim /etc/fstab
添加如下
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----------------------
/dev/myvg/mydata /data ext4 defaults 0 0
或者
LABEL=MYDATA /data ext4 defaults 0 0
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---------------------------
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[root@1inux nginx-1.6.2]#
mkdir
/data
[root@1inux nginx-1.6.2]# mount -a
//自动挂载
[root@1inux nginx-1.6.2]# mount
...
/dev/mapper/myvg-mydata on /data type ext4 (rw)
...
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3、创建存放数据的目录，并创建系统mysql用户，以便安全运行进程
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[root@1inux data]#
mkdir
/data/mydata
[root@1inux tmp]# groupadd -r mysql
[root@1inux tmp]# useradd -g mysql -r -s /sbin/nologin -M -d /data/mydata mysql
[root@1inux tmp]#
chown
-R mysql:mysql /data/mydata
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4、安装并初始化mariadb-5.5.43
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[root@1inux tmp]# tar xf mariadb-5.5.43-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
[root@1inux tmp]# cd /usr/local
[root@1inux local]# ln -sv mariadb-5.5.43-linux-x86_64/ mysql
[root@1inux local]# cd mysql/
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[root@1inux mysql]#
chown
-R mysql:mysql .
//修改当前目录权限
[root@1inux mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mydata
//初始化数据
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4、为mariadb-5.5.43 提供配置文件
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【MySQL的配置文件查找次序：/etc/my.cnf --> /etc/mysql/my.cnf --> ~/.my.cnf】
[root@1inux mysql]#
mkdir
/etc/mysql
[root@1inux mysql]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf
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并修改此文件中thread_concurrency的值为你的CPU个数乘以2 【其中cpu个数可以使用lscpu查看】
# vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf
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thread_concurrency = 2
//并添加以下内容：
datadir = /data/mydata
innodb_file_per_table = on
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5、为mariadb 提供sysv服务脚本
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[root@1inux data]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@1inux mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
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添加至服务列表
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[root@1inux mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@1inux mysql]# chkconfig mysqld on
[root@1inux mysql]#
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而后就可以启动服务使用了。
为了使用mariadb的安装符合系统使用规范，这里还需要进行如下步骤：
6、输出mysql的man手册至man命令的查找路径：
编辑/etc/man.config，添加如下行即可：
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MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man
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7、输出mysql的头文件至系统头文件路径/usr/include：
这可以通过简单的创建链接实现：
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[root@1inux mysql]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/
include
/usr/
include
/mysql
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8、输出mysql的库文件给系统库查找路径：
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[root@1inux mysql]#
echo
'/usr/local/mysql/lib'
> /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
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然后让系统重新载入系统库：
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[root@1inux mysql]# ldconfig
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9、修改PATH环境变量，让系统可以直接使用mysql的相关命令
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[root@1inux mysql]#
echo
"export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH"
> /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@1inux mysql]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
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四、编译安装php-5.4.4
1、解决依赖关系并编译安装：
安装依赖程序包
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[root@1inux php-5.4.40]# tar xf php-5.4.40.tar.bz2
[root@1inux php-5.4.40]# cd php-5.4.40
[root@1inux php-5.4.40]# yum install bzip2 bzip2-devel -y
[root@1inux php-5.4.40]# yum install mhash mhash-devel mcrypt -y
[root@1inux php-5.4.40]# yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel
[root@1inux php-5.4.40]# yum -y install curl-devel
[root@1inux php-5.4.40]# yum install libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel -y
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编译安装
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[root@1inux php-5.4.40]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-openssl --enable-fpm --enable-sockets --enable-sysvshm --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --with-mhash --with-mcrypt --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --with-bz2 --with-curl
[root@1inux php-5.4.40]# make && make install
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2、为php提供配置文件
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[root@1inux php-5.4.40]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
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3、为php-fpm提供Sysv init脚本
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[root@1inux php-5.4.40]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
[root@1inux php-5.4.40]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
[root@1inux php-5.4.40]#
chmod
+x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
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4、并将其添加至服务列表
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[root@1inux php-5.4.40]# chkconfig --add php-fpm
[root@1inux php-5.4.40]# chkconfig php-fpm on
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5、为php-fpm提供配置文件
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[root@1inux php-5.4.40]# cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.
default
/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
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6、编辑php-fpm的配置文件：
[root@1inux php-5.4.40]# vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
配置fpm的相关选项为你所需要的值，并启用pid文件（如下最后一行）：
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pm.max_children = 150
pm.start_servers = 8
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 10
pid = /usr/local/php/
var
/run/php-fpm.pid
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7、现在就可以启动php-fpm了
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[root@1inux php-5.4.40]# service php-fpm start
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8、验证是否启动成功 （如果此命令输出有中几个php-fpm进程就说明启动成功了）：
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[root@1inux php-5.4.40]# ps aux | grep php-fpm
root 121717 0.0 0.4 253684 4308 ? Ss 03:19 0:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf)
nobody 121800 0.7 2.2 259076 20700 ? S 03:24 0:17 php-fpm: pool www
nobody 121816 0.4 2.5 261892 23372 ? S 03:28 0:08 php-fpm: pool www
nobody 121817 0.3 2.2 259076 20700 ? S 03:28 0:07 php-fpm: pool www
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五、整合nginx和php5
1、编辑/etc/nginx/nginx.conf，启用如下选项：
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location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts
$fastcgi_script_name
;
include
fastcgi_params;
}
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2、编辑/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params，将其内容更改为如下内容：
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fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING
$query_string
;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD
$request_method
;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE
$content_type
;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH
$content_length
;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME
$document_root
$fastcgi_script_name
;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME
$fastcgi_script_name
;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI
$request_uri
;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI
$document_uri
;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT
$document_root
;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL
$server_protocol
;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR
$remote_addr
;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT
$remote_port
;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR
$server_addr
;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT
$server_port
;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME
$server_name
;
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并在所支持的主页面格式中添加php格式的主页，类似如下：
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location / {
root html;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}
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3、然后重新加载配置文件
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[root@1inux php-5.4.40]# service nginx reload
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4、接下来创建index.php页面，测试php是否能正常工作
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[root@1inux nginx]# vim /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
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5、访问主页 
能够正常访问，说明 nginx+ php 已经配置完成
6、在nginx中添加虚拟主机配置WordPress blog
编辑配置文件/etc/nginx/nginx.conf,添加如下内容：server {
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listen 80;
server_name blog.1inux.com;
access_log logs/blog.access;
//其日志目录为： /usr/local/nginx/logs/blog.access
error_log
logs/blog.error;
location / {
root /vhost/blog;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
root /vhost/blog;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
#fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts
$fastcgi_script_name
;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME
$document_root
$fastcgi_script_name
;
include
fastcgi_params;
}
}
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创建目录
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#
mkdir
-pv /vhost/blog/
# unzip wordpress-3.2.1-zh_CN.zip
# mv wordpress/* /vhost/blog/
#
chown
-R nginx:nginx /vhost/blog
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创建数据库及数据库用户密码
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[root@1inux ~]# mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> create database wpdb;
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL ON wpdb.* TO wpuser@
'localhost'
IDENTIFIED BY
'wppass'
;
MariaDB [wpdb]> GRANT ALL ON wp.* TO wpuser@
'172.16.66.%'
IDENTIFIED BY
'wppass'
;
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然后安装.......访问
六、安装xcache，为php加速：
1、安装 Xcache
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[root@1inux tmp]# tar xf xcache-3.2.0.tar.bz2
[root@1inux tmp]# cd xcache-3.2.0
[root@1inux xcache-3.2.0]# /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
Configuring
for
:
PHP Api Version: 20100412
Zend Module Api No: 20100525
Zend Extension Api No: 220100525
[root@1inux xcache-3.2.0]# ./configure --enable-xcache --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
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安装结束时，会出现类似如下行：
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Installing shared extensions: /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20100525/
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2、编辑php.ini，整合php和xcache：
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[root@1inux xcache-3.2.0]#
mkdir
/etc/php.d
[root@1inux xcache-3.2.0]# cp xcache.ini /etc/php.d
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注：xcache.ini文件在xcache的源码目录中
3、编辑/etc/php.d/xcache.ini，找到extension开头的行，修改为如下行：
将 extension = xcache.so 修改为如下：
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extension = /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20100525/xcache.so
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注：如果php.ini文件中有多条zend_extension指令行，要确保此新增的行排在第一位。
4、重新启动php-fpm
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[root@1inux xcache-3.2.0]# service php-fpm restart
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OK 至此 Xcache就安装完成了接下来我们看下效果
七、使用ab进行压力测试
[root@1inux ~]# ab -n 1000 -c 10 http://blog.1inux.com/index.php //总请求1000 并发10
1、安装Xcache加速前进行的压力测试 效果如下
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Server Software: nginx/1.6.2
Server Hostname: blog.1inux.com
Server Port: 80
Document Path: /index.php
Document Length: 0 bytes
Concurrency Level: 10
//并发请求数
Time taken
for
tests: 30.660 seconds
//处理请求所花费的总时间
Complete requests: 1000
//总请求数
Failed requests: 0
Write errors: 0
Non-2xx responses: 1000
Total transferred: 257000 bytes
HTML transferred: 0 bytes
Requests per second: 32.62 [#/sec] (mean)
//服务器并发吞吐量
Time per request: 306.602 [ms] (mean)
//用户平均等待时间
Time per request: 30.660 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
//服务器平均请求处理时间
Transfer rate: 8.19 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 0 0.1 0 1
Processing: 192 306 129.9 253 1246
Waiting: 192 306 129.9 253 1246
Total: 192 306 129.9 253 1246
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 253
66% 308
75% 350
80% 421
90% 483
95% 492
98% 596
99% 737
100% 1246 (longest request)
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2、安装Xcache加速并启用后 进行压力测试结果如下
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Server Software: nginx/1.6.2
Server Hostname: blog.1inux.com
Server Port: 80
Document Path: /index.php
Document Length: 0 bytes
Concurrency Level: 10
Time taken
for
tests: 11.158 seconds
Complete requests: 1000
Failed requests: 0
Write errors: 0
Non-2xx responses: 1000
Total transferred: 257000 bytes
HTML transferred: 0 bytes
Requests per second: 89.62 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 111.577 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 11.158 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 22.49 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 0 1.0 0 33
Processing: 62 111 20.3 105 207
Waiting: 62 111 20.3 105 207
Total: 63 111 20.3 105 207
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 105
66% 114
75% 125
80% 131
90% 142
95% 149
98% 157
99% 161
100% 207 (longest request)
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可以明显看到 服务器并发吞吐量以及用户请求时长等性能都有了明显的提升........
不足之处还请各位看官指正。。。。。。
本文转自 1inux 51CTO博客，原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/1inux/1655591
