数据备份、文件备份是运维、DBA等岗位最熟悉不过的话题,这里不介绍数据库的备份,简单介绍一下文件同步工具,这样的工具有很多,Windows环境下有Goodsync、FreeFileSync等,Linux下rsync、unison等,常用的实时同步,是几种工具的组合,经过组合的工具达到文件实时同步的效果。
一、常用实时同步方案
1、NFS网络文件系统
该方案是分布式架构中,解决不同节点对同一资源访问的问题,搭建NFS服务器,将其挂载在不同的节点,每个节点将公用的数据存储在NFS服务器上,实现文件的同步。
2、rsync+inotify
该方案是实用量最大,资料最丰富的文件同步方案,rsync主要有基于系统用户和虚拟用户的两种方式,基于系统用户的方式和scp命令功能特性差不多,简单实用,可操作性强。inotify主要用来监控文件的变换,通过两者组合,编写一些简单的脚本,就可以实现文件和目录的实时同步。也是本文重点介绍的内容。
3、rsync+sersync
sersync是基于inotify开发的工具,类似于inotify-tools工具,但是sersync可以记录下被监听目录中发生变化的(包括增加、删除、修改)具体某一个文件或者某一个目录的名字,然后使用rsync同步的时候,只同步发生变化的文件或者目录。
rsync+sersync组合的特点
a、sersync可以记录被监听目录中发生变化的(增,删,改)具体某个文件或目录的名字;
b、rsync在同步时,只同步发生变化的文件或目录(每次发生变化的数据相对整个同步目录数据来说很小,rsync在遍历查找对比文件时,速度很快),因此效率很高。
rsync+sersync和rsync+inotify的选型
1、同步的目录数据量不大时,建议使用rsync+inotify
2、同步的目录数据量很大时(几百G甚至1T以上)文件很多时,建议使用rsync+sersync
4、unison+inotify
Unison是一款跨平台的文件同步工具,不仅支持本地对本地同步,也支持通过SSH、RSH和Socket等网络协议进行同步。更棒的是,Unison支持双向同步操作,你既可以从A同步到B,也可以从B同步到A,这些都不需要额外的设定。
官方文档:
http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~bcpierce/unison//download/releases/stable/unison-2.48.4-manual.html
二、基本环境
操作系统:CentOS 6.9
rsync版本: rsync version 3.0.6 官网:https://rsync.samba.org/
操作系统内核:2.6.32-696.6.3.el6.x86_64
inotify版本:inotify-tools-3.14 下载地址如下:
1
|
http:
//github
.com
/downloads/rvoicilas/inotify-tools/inotify-tools-3
.14.
tar
.gz
|
三、rsync的介绍
1、rsyn的特性
-
可以镜像保存整个目录树和文件系统。
-
可以很容易做到保持原来文件的权限、时间、软硬链接等等。
-
无须特殊权限即可安装。
-
快速:第一次同步时 rsync 会复制全部内容,但在下一次只传输修改过的文件。
-
压缩传输:rsync 在传输数据的过程中可以实行压缩及解压缩操作,因此可以使用更少的带宽。
-
安全:可以使用scp、ssh等方式来传输文件,当然也可以通过直接的socket连接。
-
支持匿名传输,以方便进行网站镜象。
-
选择性保持:符号连接,硬链接,文件属性,权限,时间等
2、rsync与scp的区别
-
scp无法满足大量数据备份,类似windows的复制
-
rsync支持变复制 ,边统计,边比较
3、rsync 数据同步方式
推push:一台主机负责吧数据传送给其他主机,服务器开销很大,比较适合后端服务器少的情况
拉pull: 所有主机定时去找一主机拉数据,可能就会导致数据缓慢
推:目的主机配置为rsync服务器,源主机周期性的使用rsync命令把要同步的目录推过去
拉:源主机配置为rsync服务器,目的主机周期性的使用rsync命令把要同步的目录拉过来
两种方案,rsync都有对应的命令来实现
4、Xinetd管理Rsync工作原理
5、rsync 命令
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
|
rsync
命令和
scp
命令很相似
常用参数:
-a, --archive archive mode 权限保存模式,相当于 -rlptgoD 参数,存档,递归,保持属性等
-r, --recursive 复制所有下面的资料,递归处理
-p, --perms 保留档案权限 ,文件原有属性
-t, --
times
保留时间点,文件原有时间
-g, --group 保留原有属组
-o, --owner 保留档案所有者(root only)
-D, --devices 保留device资讯(root only)
-l, --links 复制所有的连接 ,拷贝连接文件
-z, --compress 压缩模式, 当资料在传送到目的端进行档案压缩. –azP
-H, --hard-links 保留硬链接文件
-A, --acls 保留ACL属性文件,需要配合--perms
-P,-P参数和 --partial --progress 相同.只是为了把参数简单化,表示传进度
--version, 输出
rsync
版本
-
v
, --verbose 复杂的输出信息
-u, --update 仅仅进行更新,也就是跳过已经存在的目标位置,并且文件时间要晚于要备份的文件,不覆盖新的文件
--port=PORT, 定义rsyncd(daemon)要运行的port(预设为tcp 873)
--delete, 删除那些目标位置有的文件而备份源没有的文件
--password-
file
=FILE ,从 FILE 中得到密码
--bwlimit=KBPS, 限制 I
/O
带宽
--filter “-filename”,需要过滤的文件
--exclude=filname,需要过滤的文件
--progress,显示备份过程
帮助文档
[root@localhost
install
]
# rsync --help
rsync
version 3.0.6 protocol version 30
Copyright (C) 1996-2009 by Andrew Tridgell, Wayne Davison, and others.
Web site: http:
//rsync
.samba.org/
Capabilities:
64-bit files, 64-bit inums, 64-bit timestamps, 64-bit long ints,
socketpairs, hardlinks, symlinks, IPv6, batchfiles, inplace,
append, ACLs, xattrs, iconv, symtimes
rsync
comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is
free
software, and you
are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions. See the GNU
General Public Licence
for
details.
rsync
is a
file
transfer program capable of efficient remote update
via a fast differencing algorithm.
Usage:
rsync
[OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... DEST
or
rsync
[OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... [USER@]HOST:DEST
or
rsync
[OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... [USER@]HOST::DEST
or
rsync
[OPTION]... SRC [SRC]...
rsync
:
//
[USER@]HOST[:PORT]
/DEST
or
rsync
[OPTION]... [USER@]HOST:SRC [DEST]
or
rsync
[OPTION]... [USER@]HOST::SRC [DEST]
or
rsync
[OPTION]...
rsync
:
//
[USER@]HOST[:PORT]
/SRC
[DEST]
The
':'
usages connect via remote shell,
while
'::'
&
'rsync://'
usages connect
to an
rsync
daemon, and require SRC or DEST to start with a module name.
Options
-
v
, --verbose increase verbosity
-q, --quiet suppress non-error messages
--no-motd suppress daemon-mode MOTD (see manpage caveat)
-c, --checksum skip based on checksum, not mod-
time
& size
-a, --archive archive mode; equals -rlptgoD (no -H,-A,-X)
--no-OPTION turn off an implied OPTION (e.g. --no-D)
-r, --recursive recurse into directories
-R, --relative use relative path names
--no-implied-
dirs
don't send implied
dirs
with --relative
-b, --backup
make
backups (see --suffix & --backup-
dir
)
--backup-
dir
=DIR
make
backups into hierarchy based
in
DIR
--suffix=SUFFIX
set
backup suffix (default ~ w
/o
--backup-
dir
)
-u, --update skip files that are newer on the receiver
--inplace update destination files
in
-place (SEE MAN PAGE)
--append append data onto shorter files
--append-verify like --append, but with old data
in
file
checksum
-d, --
dirs
transfer directories without recursing
-l, --links copy symlinks as symlinks
-L, --copy-links transform
symlink
into referent
file
/dir
--copy-unsafe-links only
"unsafe"
symlinks are transformed
--safe-links ignore symlinks that point outside the
source
tree
-k, --copy-dirlinks transform
symlink
to a
dir
into referent
dir
-K, --keep-dirlinks treat symlinked
dir
on receiver as
dir
-H, --hard-links preserve hard links
-p, --perms preserve permissions
-E, --executability preserve the
file
's executability
--
chmod
=CHMOD affect
file
and
/or
directory permissions
-A, --acls preserve ACLs (implies --perms)
-X, --xattrs preserve extended attributes
-o, --owner preserve owner (super-user only)
-g, --group preserve group
--devices preserve device files (super-user only)
--copy-devices copy device contents as regular
file
--specials preserve special files
-D same as --devices --specials
-t, --
times
preserve modification
times
-O, --omit-
dir
-
times
omit directories from --
times
--super receiver attempts super-user activities
--fake-super store
/recover
privileged attrs using xattrs
-S, --sparse handle sparse files efficiently
-n, --dry-run perform a trial run with no changes made
-W, --whole-
file
copy files whole (without delta-xfer algorithm)
-x, --one-
file
-system don't cross filesystem boundaries
-B, --block-size=SIZE force a fixed checksum block-size
-e, --rsh=COMMAND specify the remote shell to use
--
rsync
-path=PROGRAM specify the
rsync
to run on the remote machine
--existing skip creating new files on receiver
--ignore-existing skip updating files that already exist on receiver
--remove-
source
-files sender removes synchronized files (non-
dirs
)
--del an
alias
for
--delete-during
--delete delete extraneous files from destination
dirs
--delete-before receiver deletes before transfer, not during
--delete-during receiver deletes during transfer (default)
--delete-delay
find
deletions during, delete after
--delete-after receiver deletes after transfer, not during
--delete-excluded also delete excluded files from destination
dirs
--ignore-errors delete even
if
there are I
/O
errors
--force force deletion of directories even
if
not empty
--max-delete=NUM don't delete
more
than NUM files
--max-size=SIZE don't transfer any
file
larger than SIZE
--min-size=SIZE don't transfer any
file
smaller than SIZE
--partial keep partially transferred files
--partial-
dir
=DIR put a partially transferred
file
into DIR
--delay-updates put all updated files into place at transfer's end
-m, --prune-empty-
dirs
prune empty directory chains from the
file
-list
--numeric-ids don't map uid
/gid
values by user
/group
name
--timeout=SECONDS
set
I
/O
timeout
in
seconds
--contimeout=SECONDS
set
daemon connection timeout
in
seconds
-I, --ignore-
times
don't skip files that match
in
size and mod-
time
--size-only skip files that match
in
size
--modify-window=NUM compare mod-
times
with reduced accuracy
-T, --temp-
dir
=DIR create temporary files
in
directory DIR
-y, --fuzzy
find
similar
file
for
basis
if
no dest
file
--compare-dest=DIR also compare destination files relative to DIR
--copy-dest=DIR ... and include copies of unchanged files
--link-dest=DIR hardlink to files
in
DIR when unchanged
-z, --compress compress
file
data during the transfer
--compress-level=NUM explicitly
set
compression level
--skip-compress=LIST skip compressing files with a suffix
in
LIST
-C, --cvs-exclude auto-ignore files the same way CVS does
-f, --filter=RULE add a
file
-filtering RULE
-F same as --filter=
'dir-merge /.rsync-filter'
repeated: --filter=
'- .rsync-filter'
--exclude=PATTERN exclude files matching PATTERN
--exclude-from=FILE
read
exclude patterns from FILE
--include=PATTERN don't exclude files matching PATTERN
--include-from=FILE
read
include patterns from FILE
--files-from=FILE
read
list of
source
-
file
names from FILE
-0, --from0 all *-from
/filter
files are delimited by 0s
-s, --protect-args no space-splitting; only wildcard special-chars
--address=ADDRESS bind address
for
outgoing socket to daemon
--port=PORT specify double-colon alternate port number
--sockopts=OPTIONS specify custom TCP options
--blocking-io use blocking I
/O
for
the remote shell
--stats give some
file
-transfer stats
-8, --8-bit-output leave high-bit chars unescaped
in
output
-h, --human-readable output numbers
in
a human-readable
format
--progress show progress during transfer
-P same as --partial --progress
-i, --itemize-changes output a change-summary
for
all updates
--out-
format
=FORMAT output updates using the specified FORMAT
--log-
file
=FILE log what we're doing to the specified FILE
--log-
file
-
format
=FMT log updates using the specified FMT
--password-
file
=FILE
read
daemon-access password from FILE
--list-only list the files instead of copying them
--bwlimit=KBPS limit I
/O
bandwidth; KBytes per second
--write-batch=FILE write a batched update to FILE
--only-write-batch=FILE like --write-batch but w
/o
updating destination
--
read
-batch=FILE
read
a batched update from FILE
--protocol=NUM force an older protocol version to be used
--iconv=CONVERT_SPEC request charset conversion of filenames
-4, --ipv4 prefer IPv4
-6, --ipv6 prefer IPv6
--version print version number
(-h) --help show this help (-h works with no other options)
Use
"rsync --daemon --help"
to see the daemon-mode
command
-line options.
Please see the
rsync
(1) and rsyncd.conf(5)
man
pages
for
full documentation.
See http:
//rsync
.samba.org/
for
updates, bug reports, and answers
|
四、服务安装与配置
1、安装rsync
1
|
yum
install
-y
rsync
|
2、基于系统用户的备份
基于系统用户的备份,不需要配置rsyncd服务,这时的rsync和scp非常的类似,测试规划如下:
主机序号 | 主机IP | 备份目录 | 安装软件 | 同步方式 |
1 | 192.168.223.128(数据源服务器) | /data/ | rsync | 主动方式 |
2 | 192.168.223.129(备份存储服务器) | /databack/rsyncback | 一 | 一 |
测试:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
|
主机:192.168.223.128 推送模式
[root@data128 ~]
# cd /data
[root@data128 data]
# l
-
bash
: l:
command
not found
[root@data128 data]
# ls
winner.txt
[root@data128 data]
# ls
winner.txt
[root@data128 data]
# rsy
rsync
rsyslogd
[root@data128 data]
# rsync -azP /data/ root@192.168.223.129:/databack/rsyncback
sending incremental
file
list
./
.
pwd
.lock
0 100% 0.00kB
/s
0:00:00 (xfer
#1, to-check=1/3)
winner.txt
4588 100% 0.00kB
/s
0:00:00 (xfer
#2, to-check=0/3)
sent 659 bytes received 53 bytes 284.80 bytes
/sec
total size is 4588 speedup is 6.44
[root@data128 data]
#
主机:192.168.223.129 主机测试
[root@databack129 ~]
# cd /databack/rsyncback/
[root@databack129 rsyncback]
# ls
winner.txt
[root@databack129 rsyncback]
#
主动获取模式测试:
在192.168.223.128 主机上创建新文件
[root@data128 data]
# touch {1,3,5,7,9,10}.txt
[root@data128 data]
# ls
10.txt 1.txt 3.txt 5.txt 7.txt 9.txt winner.txt
[root@data128 data]
#
主机:192.168.223.129 获取数据
[root@databack129 rsyncback]
# rsync -azP root@192.168.223.128:/data/ ./
receiving incremental
file
list
./
1.txt
0 100% 0.00kB
/s
0:00:00 (xfer
#1, to-check=6/9)
10.txt
0 100% 0.00kB
/s
0:00:00 (xfer
#2, to-check=5/9)
3.txt
0 100% 0.00kB
/s
0:00:00 (xfer
#3, to-check=4/9)
5.txt
0 100% 0.00kB
/s
0:00:00 (xfer
#4, to-check=3/9)
7.txt
0 100% 0.00kB
/s
0:00:00 (xfer
#5, to-check=2/9)
9.txt
0 100% 0.00kB
/s
0:00:00 (xfer
#6, to-check=1/9)
sent 128 bytes received 368 bytes 330.67 bytes
/sec
total size is 4588 speedup is 9.25
|
从命令的执行过程中可以看出这个命令和scp非常相似,在拷贝过程中没有输入密码是因为两个主机之间做了免密码登录,而数据传输过程中也是使用了SSH传输协议。关于SSH免密码登录请自行搜索资料。
2.1 基于系统用户的备份脚本
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
|
#!/bin/bash
rsync
-az --delete root@192.168.223.128:
/data/
/databack/rsyncback/
tar
czvf
rsync
-`
date
+%Y-%m-%d`.
tar
.gz
/databack/rsyncback/
*
执行情况:
[root@databack129 server]
# sh -x rsync.sh
+
rsync
-az --delete root@192.168.223.128:
/data/
/databack/rsyncback/
++
date
+%Y-%m-%d
+
tar
czvf
rsync
-2017-09-16.
tar
.gz
/databack/rsyncback/10
.txt
/databack/rsyncback/1
.txt
/databack/rsyncback/3
.txt
/databack/rsyncback/5
.txt
/databack/rsyncback/7
.txt
/databack/rsyncback/9
.txt
/databack/rsyncback/winner
.txt
tar
: 从成员名中删除开头的“/”
/databack/rsyncback/10
.txt
/databack/rsyncback/1
.txt
/databack/rsyncback/3
.txt
/databack/rsyncback/5
.txt
/databack/rsyncback/7
.txt
/databack/rsyncback/9
.txt
/databack/rsyncback/winner
.txt
[root@databack129 server]
#
[root@databack129 server]
# tar xzvf rsync-2017-09-16.tar.gz
databack
/rsyncback/10
.txt
databack
/rsyncback/1
.txt
databack
/rsyncback/3
.txt
databack
/rsyncback/5
.txt
databack
/rsyncback/7
.txt
databack
/rsyncback/9
.txt
databack
/rsyncback/winner
.txt
[root@databack129 server]
# ls
databack
rsync
-2017-09-16.
tar
.gz
rsync
.sh xtrabackupmysql.sh
[root@databack129 server]
# cd databack/rsyncback/
[root@databack129 rsyncback]
# ls
10.txt 1.txt 3.txt 5.txt 7.txt 9.txt winner.txt
[root@databack129 rsyncback]
#
|
2.2 基于系统用户的实时备份
在实时备份中,我们会选用inotif做文件的监控,安装方式为源码包,需要gcc等安装环境,文件下载等根据上面的地址下载就可以,可以使用wget加地址下载,下面对下载和安装做相关的演示。
数据实时同步规划(rsync+系统用户) | ||||
主机序号 | 主机IP | 备份目录 | 安装软件 | 同步方式 |
1 | 192.168.223.128(数据源服务器) | /data/ | rsync+inotify | 主动方式 |
2 | 192.168.223.129(备份存储服务器) | /databack/rsyncback | 一 | 一 |
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
|
[root@databack129
install
]
# wget http://github.com/downloads/rvoicilas/inotify-tools/inotify-tools-3.14.tar.gz
--2017-09-16 23:35:15-- http:
//github
.com
/downloads/rvoicilas/inotify-tools/inotify-tools-3
.14.
tar
.gz
正在解析主机 github.com... 192.30.255.112, 192.30.255.113
正在连接 github.com|192.30.255.112|:80... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求,正在等待回应... 302 Found
位置:http:
//101
.96.10.63
/github
.com
/downloads/rvoicilas/inotify-tools/inotify-tools-3
.14.
tar
.gz [跟随至新的 URL]
--2017-09-16 23:35:15-- http:
//101
.96.10.63
/github
.com
/downloads/rvoicilas/inotify-tools/inotify-tools-3
.14.
tar
.gz
正在连接 101.96.10.63:80... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求,正在等待回应... 301 Moved Permanently
位置:https:
//github
.com
/downloads/rvoicilas/inotify-tools/inotify-tools-3
.14.
tar
.gz [跟随至新的 URL]
--2017-09-16 23:35:16-- https:
//github
.com
/downloads/rvoicilas/inotify-tools/inotify-tools-3
.14.
tar
.gz
正在连接 github.com|192.30.255.112|:443... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求,正在等待回应... 302 Found
位置:https:
//cloud
.github.com
/downloads/rvoicilas/inotify-tools/inotify-tools-3
.14.
tar
.gz [跟随至新的 URL]
--2017-09-16 23:35:18-- https:
//cloud
.github.com
/downloads/rvoicilas/inotify-tools/inotify-tools-3
.14.
tar
.gz
正在解析主机 cloud.github.com... 54.192.75.93, 54.192.75.223, 54.192.75.185, ...
正在连接 cloud.github.com|54.192.75.93|:443... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求,正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度:358772 (350K) [null]
正在保存至: “inotify-tools-3.14.
tar
.gz”
31% [===============> ] 113,669 36.5K
/s
eta(英国中部时36% [=================> ] 130,053 35.6K
/s
eta(英国中部时45% [======================> ] 162,821 38.5K
/s
eta(英国中部时54% [===========================> ] 195,589 40.9K
/s
eta(英国中部时58% [=============================> ] 211,517 41.3K
/s
eta(英国中部时63% [================================> ] 227,901 33.1K
/s
eta(英国中部时68% [==================================> ] 244,285 28.3K
/s
eta(英国中部时72% [====================================> ] 260,669 28.1K
/s
eta(英国中部时77% [=======================================> ] 277,509 25.6K
/s
eta(英国中部时81% [=========================================> ] 293,893 20.5K
/s
eta(英国中部时86% [===========================================> ] 310,277 20.7K
/s
eta(英国中部时91% [==============================================> ] 326,661 18.2K
/s
eta(英国中部时95% [================================================> ] 343,045 17.9K
/s
eta(英国中部时100%[===================================================>] 358,772 17.6K
/s
eta(英国中部时100%[===================================================>] 358,772 17.6K
/s
in
20s
2017-09-16 23:35:40 (17.6 KB
/s
) - 已保存 “inotify-tools-3.14.
tar
.gz” [358772
/358772
])
编译安装
[root@databack129 inotify-tools-3.14]
# ./configure &&make &&make install
checking
for
a BSD-compatible
install
...
/usr/bin/install
-c
checking whether build environment is sane...
yes
checking
for
a thread-safe
mkdir
-p...
/bin/mkdir
-p
checking
for
gawk
...
gawk
checking whether
make
sets $(MAKE)...
yes
checking whether
make
sets $(MAKE)... (cached)
yes
checking
for
gcc... gcc
checking
for
C compiler default output
file
name... a.out
checking whether the C compiler works...
yes
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking
for
suffix of executables...
checking
for
suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler...
yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g...
yes
checking
for
gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking
for
style of include used by
......
test
-z
"/usr/local/share/man/man1"
||
/bin/mkdir
-p
"/usr/local/share/man/man1"
/usr/bin/install
-c -m 644 inotifywait.1 inotifywatch.1
'/usr/local/share/man/man1'
make
[2]: Leaving directory `
/usr/install/inotify-tools-3
.14
/man
'
make
[1]: Leaving directory `
/usr/install/inotify-tools-3
.14
/man
'
make
[1]: Entering directory `
/usr/install/inotify-tools-3
.14'
make
[2]: Entering directory `
/usr/install/inotify-tools-3
.14'
make
[2]: Nothing to be
done
for
`
install
-
exec
-am'.
make
[2]: Nothing to be
done
for
`
install
-data-am'.
make
[2]: Leaving directory `
/usr/install/inotify-tools-3
.14'
make
[1]: Leaving directory `
/usr/install/inotify-tools-3
.14'
安装成功
将
/usr/local/bin/inotifywait
等 相关命令加入系统环境变量或者通过软链接到
/usr/bin/
[root@databack129 inotify-tools-3.14]
# ln -s /usr/local/bin/* /usr/bin/
[root@databack129 inotify-tools-3.14]
# inotifywait OK成功
|
实时监控备份脚本
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
|
#/bin/bash
LocalPath=
/data/
RemotrHost=root@192.168.223.129:
/databin/
inotifywait -mrq -e modify,delete,create,attrib ${LocalPath} |
while
read
D E F
do
/usr/bin/rsync
-ahqzt --delete ${LocalPath} $RemotrHost
done
|
测试结果:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
|
[root@data128 server]
# sh rsync.sh
另开一个终端
[root@data128 data]
# ls
10.txt 1.txt 3.txt 5.txt 7.txt 9.txt winner.txt
[root@data128 data]
# touch {11,12,13,15}.txt
[root@data128 data]
# echo "rsync+inotify-tool"> {1,3,5}.txt
-
bash
: {1,3,5}.txt: ambiguous redirect
[root@data128 data]
# echo "rsync+inotify-tool"> 1.txt
[root@data128 data]
# echo "rsync+inotify-tool"> 2.txt
[root@data128 data]
#
129主机检查同步情况
[root@databack129 inotify-tools-3.14]
# cd /datab
databack/ databin/
[root@databack129 inotify-tools-3.14]
# cd /databack/rsyncback/
[root@databack129 rsyncback]
# ls
10.txt 11.txt 12.txt 13.txt 15.txt 1.txt 3.txt 5.txt 7.txt 9.txt winner.txt
[root@databack129 rsyncback]
# cat 1.txt
rsync
+inotify-tool
[root@databack129 rsyncback]
# cat 3.txt
[root@databack129 rsyncback]
# cat 5.txt
[root@databack129 rsyncback]
# cat 2.txt
rsync
+inotify-tool
[root@databack129 rsyncback]
#
|
经过验证基于系统的文件实时同步是不存在任何问题的,实现了我们初级的需求与规划,接下可以配置基于rsync用户的文件实时同步服务。
3、基于rsyncd服务的文件实时同步
数据实时同步规划(rsync+rsync用户) | ||||
主机序号 | 主机IP | 备份目录 | 安装软件 | 同步方式 |
1 | 192.168.223.128(数据源服务器) | /data/ | rsync+inotify | 推送 |
2 | 192.168.223.129(备份存储服务器) | /databack/rsyncback | rsyncd | 一 |
192.168.223.128主机需要安装rsync+inotify,我们在测试上面的服务时已经安装,所以不需要再安装,更改相关的配置即可。192.168.223.129需要安装和配置rsyncd,而rsync服务是由xinetd服务管理,所以我们需要安装xinetd服务。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
|
yum
install
xinetd
[root@data128]
# yum install xinetd -y
已加载插件:fastestmirror
设置安装进程
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.163.com
* extras: mirror.lzu.edu.cn
* updates: centos.ustc.edu.cn
包 2:xinetd-2.3.14-40.el6.x86_64 已安装并且是最新版本
无须任何处理
|
启动rsync服务需要更改相关配置
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
|
[root@databack129 rsyncback]
# vi /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
# default: off
# description: The rsync server is a good addition to an ftp server, as it \
# allows crc checksumming etc.
service
rsync
{
disable = no
#将这里的yes更改为no
flags = IPv6
socket_type = stream
wait = no
user = root
server =
/usr/bin/rsync
server_args = --daemon
log_on_failure += USERID
}
启动服务
[root@databack129 rsyncback]
# /etc/init.d/xinetd restart
停止 xinetd: [失败]
正在启动 xinetd: [确定]
或者以下方式
[root@databack129 rsyncback]
# rsync --daemon --config=/etc/rsyncd.conf
Failed to parse config
file
:
/etc/rsyncd
.conf
默认情况下
/etc/rsyncd
.conf该文件不存在需要我们手动去创建
|
创建rsyncd.conf文件 以及其相关介绍
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
|
uid =nobody
#运行进程的身份
gid =nobody
#运行进程的组
address =192.168.223.129
#监听IP
port =873
#监听端口
hosts allow =192.168.223.128
#允许同步客户端的IP地址,可以是网段,或者用*表示所有 192.168.1.0/24或192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0
use chroot =
yes
#是否囚牢,锁定家目录,rsync被黑之后,黑客无法再rsync运行的家目录之外创建文件,选项设置为yes
max connections =5
#最大连接数
pid
file
=
/var/run/rsyncd
.pid
#进程PID,自动生成
lock
file
=
/var/run/rsync
.lock
#指max connectios参数的锁文件
log
file
=
/var/log/rsyncd
.log
#日志文件位置
motd
file
=
/etc/rsyncd
.motd
#客户端登陆之后弹出的消息,需要创建
[databack]
#共享模块名称
path =
/databack/rsyncback
#路径
comment =used
for
web-data root
#描述
readonly
=
yes
#只读方式(只可以下载)
list =
yes
#是否允许查看模块信息
auth
users
= rsyncuser
#备份的用户,和系统用户无关
secrets
file
=
/etc/rsync
.
passwd
#存放用户的密码文件,格式是 用户名:密码
创建提示文件和用户密码
[root@databack129 rsyncback]
# vi /etc/rsync.passwd
rsyncuser:password123
[root@databack129 rsyncback]
# cat /etc/rsync.passwd
rsyncuser:password123
[root@databack129 rsyncback]
# chmod 600 /etc/rsync.passwd #目录权限必须是700或者600,否则的话身份验证会失效,设置rsync user的时候
[root@databack129 rsyncback]
#
启动服务测试:
[root@databack129 rsyncback]
# rsync --daemon --config=/etc/rsyncd.conf
或者
[root@databack129 rsyncback]
# /etc/init.d/xinetd restart
[root@databack129 rsyncback]
# rsync --daemon --config=/etc/rsyncd.conf
[root@databack129 rsyncback]
# netstat -antup | grep :873
tcp 0 0 192.168.223.129:873 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 7299
/rsync
|
测试文件同步服务(192.168.223.128上面推送)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
|
[root@data128 data]
# rsync -azp /data/ rsyncuser@192.168.223.129::databack
Welcome to Backup Server
Password:
#输入密码password123
[root@data128 data]
# ls
10.txt DIR_COLORS init.conf mtab securetty
11.txt DIR_COLORS.256color inittab my.cnf services
12.txt DIR_COLORS.lightbgcolor inputrc my.cnf.rpmnew sestatus.conf
13.txt dracut.conf issue networks shadow
15.txt environment issue.net nsswitch.conf shadow-
1.txt ethers kdump.conf
passwd
shells
2.txt exports krb5.conf
passwd
- statetab
3.txt favicon.png ld.so.cache
printcap
sudo
.conf
5.txt filesystems ld.so.conf profile sudoers
7.txt fstab libaudit.conf protocols
sudo
-ldap.conf
9.txt gai.conf libuser.conf rc sysctl.conf
adjtime group localtime rc.
local
system-release
aliases group- login.defs rc.sysinit system-release-cpe
aliases.db grub.conf logrotate.conf redhat-release virc
asound.conf gshadow magic resolv.conf wgetrc
bashrc gshadow- mailcap rpc winner.txt
centos-release host.conf
man
.config rsyncd.conf xinetd.conf
crypttab hosts mime.types rsyncd.secrets yum.conf
csh.cshrc hosts.allow mke2fs.conf rsyslog.conf
csh.login hosts.deny motd rwtab
192.168.223.129主机上检查推送结果
[root@databack129 rsyncback]
# ls
10.txt DIR_COLORS init.conf mtab securetty
11.txt DIR_COLORS.256color inittab my.cnf services
12.txt DIR_COLORS.lightbgcolor inputrc my.cnf.rpmnew sestatus.conf
13.txt dracut.conf issue networks shadow
15.txt environment issue.net nsswitch.conf shadow-
1.txt ethers kdump.conf
passwd
shells
2.txt exports krb5.conf
passwd
- statetab
3.txt favicon.png ld.so.cache
printcap
sudo
.conf
5.txt filesystems ld.so.conf profile sudoers
7.txt fstab libaudit.conf protocols
sudo
-ldap.conf
9.txt gai.conf libuser.conf rc sysctl.conf
adjtime group localtime rc.
local
system-release
aliases group- login.defs rc.sysinit system-release-cpe
aliases.db grub.conf logrotate.conf redhat-release virc
asound.conf gshadow magic resolv.conf wgetrc
bashrc gshadow- mailcap rpc winner.txt
centos-release host.conf
man
.config rsyncd.conf xinetd.conf
crypttab hosts mime.types rsyncd.secrets yum.conf
csh.cshrc hosts.allow mke2fs.conf rsyslog.conf
csh.login hosts.deny motd rwtab
删除192.168.223.128下
/data
数据
|
实时同步测试
客户端创建密码文件 (192.168.223.128)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
|
[root@data128 data]
# vi /etc/rsync_client.pwd
password123
更改权限
[root@data128 data]
# chmod 600 /etc/rsync_client.pwd
执行以下命令
[root@data128 data]
# rsync -azP --delete --password-file=/etc/rsync_client.pwd /data/ rsyncuser@192.168.223.129::databack
这时候客户端就不需要输入密码了
编写实时监控同步脚本
#/bin/bash
LocalPath=
/data/
RemotrHost=root@192.168.223.129:
/databack/rsyncback/
#inotifywait -mrq -e create,move,delete,modify /data/bin*
inotifywait -mrq -e modify,delete,create,attrib ${LocalPath} |
while
read
D E F
do
rsync
-azP --delete --password-
file
=
/etc/rsync_client
.
pwd
/data/
rsyncuser@192.168.223.129::databack
done
执行脚本
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
|
[root@data128 server]
# sh -x rsyncinotify.sh
另一个中端执行
cp
/etc/
*
/data/
total size is 838095 speedup is 591.88
+
read
D E F
+
rsync
-azP --delete --password-
file
=
/etc/rsync_client
.
pwd
/data/
rsyncuser@192.168.223.129::databack
Welcome to Backup Server
sending incremental
file
list
sent 1408 bytes received 8 bytes 944.00 bytes
/sec
total size is 838095 speedup is 591.88
+
read
D E F
+
rsync
-azP --delete --password-
file
=
/etc/rsync_client
.
pwd
/data/
rsyncuser@192.168.223.129::databack
Welcome to Backup Server
sending incremental
file
list
sent 1408 bytes received 8 bytes 2832.00 bytes
/sec
total size is 838095 speedup is 591.88
+
read
D E F
+
rsync
-azP --delete --password-
file
=
/etc/rsync_client
.
pwd
/data/
rsyncuser@192.168.223.129::databack
|
192.168.223.129 主机的数据情况
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
|
[root@databack129 rsyncback]
# ls
adjtime init.conf protocols
aliases inittab rc
aliases.db inputrc rc.
local
asound.conf issue rc.sysinit
bashrc issue.net redhat-release
centos-release kdump.conf resolv.conf
crypttab krb5.conf rpc
csh.cshrc ld.so.cache rsync_client.
pwd
csh.login ld.so.conf rsyncd.conf
DIR_COLORS libaudit.conf rsyncd.secrets
DIR_COLORS.256color libuser.conf rsyslog.conf
DIR_COLORS.lightbgcolor localtime rwtab
dracut.conf login.defs securetty
environment logrotate.conf services
ethers magic sestatus.conf
exports mailcap shadow
favicon.png
man
.config shadow-
filesystems mime.types shells
fstab mke2fs.conf statetab
gai.conf motd
sudo
.conf
group mtab sudoers
group- my.cnf
sudo
-ldap.conf
grub.conf my.cnf.rpmnew sysctl.conf
gshadow networks system-release
gshadow- nsswitch.conf system-release-cpe
host.conf
passwd
virc
hosts
passwd
- wgetrc
hosts.allow
printcap
xinetd.conf
hosts.deny profile yum.conf
[root@databack129 rsyncback]
# ls |wc
87 87 888
删除同步:
[root@data128 data]
# rm -f ./*
[root@data128 data]
#
[root@databack129 rsyncback]
# ls #结果为空
[root@databack129 rsyncback]
#
|
到这里基础的数据同步基本上做完,但是忽略部分数据以及脚本日志信息还需要继续完善,后期持续完善!
本文转自 tianya1993 51CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/dreamlinux/1965970,如需转载请自行联系原作者