一、SCL
1、SCL是什么
SCL项目主页：https://www.softwarecollections.org/
SCL(Software Collections)可以让你在同一个操作系统上安装和使用多个版本的软件，而不会影响整个系统的安装包。
SCL为社区的以下需求而设计：
创建和使用软件集合生产系统、概念验证系统、开发测试平台。SCL目前已经支持Fedora和RHEL(衍生版本如CentOS也包含在内)。
SCL的创建就是为了给RHEL/CentOS用户提供一种以方便、安全地安装和使用应用程序和运行时环境的多个(而且可能是更新的)版本的方式，同时避免把系统搞乱。与之相对的是第三方源，它们可能会在已安装的包之间引起冲突。
现有软件选集：
现在有以下软件选集可供CentOS 6.5或以上版本应用
Ruby 1.9.3 (ruby193)
Python 2.7 (python27)
Python 3.3 (python33)
PHP 5.4 (php54)
Perl 5.16.3 (perl516)
Node.js 0.10 (nodejs010)
MariaDB 5.5 (mariadb55)
MySQL 5.5 (mysql55)
PostgreSQL 9.2 (postgresql92)
更多的软件集可参看这里：https://www.softwarecollections.org/en/scls/
2、安装SCL
在CentOS下使用 SCL，需要安装CentOS Software Collections。它是CentOS Extras软件库的一部份，并可通过以下指命进行安装
Centos 7：
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[root@Node3 ~]
# yum install centos-release-scl
Dependencies Resolved
===================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===================================================================================================================================
Installing:
centos-release-scl noarch 10:7-3.el6.centos extras 12 k
Installing
for
dependencies:
centos-release-scl-rh noarch 2-3.el6.centos extras 12 k
Transaction Summary
===================================================================================================================================
Install 2 Package(s)
[root@Node3 yum.repos.d]
# rpm -ql centos-release-scl
/etc/pki/rpm-gpg
/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-SCLo
/etc/yum
.repos.d
/CentOS-SCLo-scl
.repo
/usr/share/doc/centos-release-scl/GPL
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Centos 6：
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[root@Python ~]
# yum install centos-release-SCL
Dependencies Resolved
============================================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
============================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
centos-release-scl-rh noarch 2-3.el6.centos extras 12 k
Transaction Summary
============================================================================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package(s)
[root@Python yum.repos.d]
# rpm -ql centos-release-scl-rh
/etc/pki/rpm-gpg
/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-SCLo
/etc/yum
.repos.d
/CentOS-SCLo-scl-rh
.repo
/usr/share/doc/centos-release-scl-rh/GPL
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注意：Centos6和Centos7的包名是区分大小写的！
二、SCL的设置及启用
1、要启用和运行SCL中的应用，你还需要安装下列包：
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[root@Python ~]
# yum install scl-utils scl-utils-build
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2、SCL的设置及启用
SCL设置步骤非常简单
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[root@Python ~]
# scl --help
usage: scl <action> [<collection>...] <
command
>
or: scl -l|--list [<collection>...]
or: scl register <path>
or: scl deregister <collection> [--force]
Options:
-l, --list list installed Software Collections or packages
that belong to them
-h, --help display this help and
exit
Actions:
enable
calls
enable
script from Software Collection
(enables a Software Collection)
<SCL script name> calls arbitrary script from a Software Collection
Use
'-'
as <
command
> to
read
the
command
from standard input.
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启用一个已经安装的SCL包
需要在每个命令中使用scl命令显式启用它(即想在哪条命令中使用SCL中的包，就得通过scl命令执行该命令)
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$ scl
enable
<scl-package-name> <
command
>
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如果想在启用的包时执行多条命令，你可以像下面那样创建一个启用SCL的bash会话
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$ scl
enable
<scl-package-name>
bash
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三、SCL使用实例：CentOS下安装高版本GCC
有时编译需要用到4.8以上版本的GCC,由于CentOS源没有提供高版本的GCC rpm包，这时就不能通过yum方式安装。通常的解决方案就是通过编译安装高版本的GCC（需要很长时间）。
这里介绍一个更好用、更简单的方法来升级系统GCC。
查看旧版本的GCC相关包：
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[root@Python ~]
# rpm -qa|grep gcc
libgcc-4.4.7-18.el6.x86_64
gcc-4.4.7-18.el6.x86_64
gcc-c++-4.4.7-18.el6.x86_64
gcc-gfortran-4.4.7-18.el6.x86_64
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安装GCC 5：
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[root@Python ~]
# yum list|grep devtoolset|grep gcc
Repository epel is listed
more
than once
in
the configuration
Repository epel-debuginfo is listed
more
than once
in
the configuration
Repository epel-
source
is listed
more
than once
in
the configuration
devtoolset-3-gcc.x86_64 4.9.2-6.2.el6 centos-sclo-rh
devtoolset-3-gcc-c++.x86_64 4.9.2-6.2.el6 centos-sclo-rh
devtoolset-3-gcc-gfortran.x86_64 4.9.2-6.2.el6 centos-sclo-rh
devtoolset-3-gcc-plugin-devel.x86_64 4.9.2-6.2.el6 centos-sclo-rh
devtoolset-4-gcc.x86_64 5.3.1-6.1.el6 centos-sclo-rh
devtoolset-4-gcc-c++.x86_64 5.3.1-6.1.el6 centos-sclo-rh
devtoolset-4-gcc-gdb-plugin.x86_64 5.3.1-6.1.el6 centos-sclo-rh
devtoolset-4-gcc-gfortran.x86_64 5.3.1-6.1.el6 centos-sclo-rh
devtoolset-4-gcc-plugin-devel.x86_64 5.3.1-6.1.el6 centos-sclo-rh
devtoolset-4-libgccjit.x86_64 5.3.1-6.1.el6 centos-sclo-rh
devtoolset-4-libgccjit-devel.x86_64 5.3.1-6.1.el6 centos-sclo-rh
devtoolset-4-libgccjit-docs.x86_64 5.3.1-6.1.el6 centos-sclo-rh
devtoolset-6-gcc.x86_64 6.2.1-3.1.el6 centos-sclo-rh
devtoolset-6-gcc-c++.x86_64 6.2.1-3.1.el6 centos-sclo-rh
devtoolset-6-gcc-gdb-plugin.x86_64 6.2.1-3.1.el6 centos-sclo-rh
devtoolset-6-gcc-gfortran.x86_64 6.2.1-3.1.el6 centos-sclo-rh
devtoolset-6-gcc-plugin-devel.x86_64 6.2.1-3.1.el6 centos-sclo-rh
devtoolset-6-libgccjit.x86_64 6.2.1-3.1.el6 centos-sclo-rh
devtoolset-6-libgccjit-devel.x86_64 6.2.1-3.1.el6 centos-sclo-rh
devtoolset-6-libgccjit-docs.x86_64 6.2.1-3.1.el6 centos-sclo-rh
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在centos6.5上安装devtoolset-3会报错，4和6的版本不会。
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[root@Python ~]
# yum install devtoolset-4-gcc devtoolset-4-gcc-c++ devtoolset-4-gcc-gfortran
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安装后：
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[root@Python ~]
# rpm -qa|grep gcc
devtoolset-4-gcc-5.3.1-6.1.el6.x86_64
libgcc-4.4.7-18.el6.x86_64
gcc-4.4.7-18.el6.x86_64
gcc-c++-4.4.7-18.el6.x86_64
devtoolset-4-gcc-c++-5.3.1-6.1.el6.x86_64
gcc-gfortran-4.4.7-18.el6.x86_64
devtoolset-4-gcc-gfortran-5.3.1-6.1.el6.x86_64
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启用高版本的GCC：
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[root@Python ~]
# gcc --version
gcc (GCC) 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18)
Copyright (C) 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is
free
software; see the
source
for
copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even
for
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
[root@Python ~]
# scl -l
devtoolset-4
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启用SCL的方法：
1） scl enable 软件包名 bash
启用一个新的shell
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[root@Python ~]
# scl enable devtoolset-4 bash # 进入一个新shell
[root@Python ~]
# gcc --version
gcc (GCC) 5.3.1 20160406 (Red Hat 5.3.1-6)
Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is
free
software; see the
source
for
copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even
for
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
[root@Python ~]
# c++ --version
c++ (GCC) 5.3.1 20160406 (Red Hat 5.3.1-6)
Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is
free
software; see the
source
for
copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even
for
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
[root@Python ~]
# g++ --version
g++ (GCC) 5.3.1 20160406 (Red Hat 5.3.1-6)
Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is
free
software; see the
source
for
copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even
for
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
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2 ）source /opt/rh/devtoolset-4/enable
在当前shell中生效
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[root@Python ~]
# source /opt/rh/devtoolset-4/enable
[root@Python ~]
# gcc --version
gcc (GCC) 5.3.1 20160406 (Red Hat 5.3.1-6)
Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is
free
software; see the
source
for
copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even
for
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
[root@Python ~]
# c++ --version
c++ (GCC) 5.3.1 20160406 (Red Hat 5.3.1-6)
Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is
free
software; see the
source
for
copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even
for
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
[root@Python ~]
# g++ --version
g++ (GCC) 5.3.1 20160406 (Red Hat 5.3.1-6)
Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is
free
software; see the
source
for
copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even
for
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
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如果我们需要开机设置GCC 5：
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[root@Python ~]
# echo "source /opt/rh/devtoolset-4/enable" > /etc/profile.d/RK.sh
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注意：
通过devtoolset安装的gcc因为没有libstdc++包，没有生成libstdc++库文件，编译或运行程序时可能会遇到
类似 /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6: version `GLIBCXX_3.4.21' not found 的问题
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[root@Python ~]
# rpm -qa|grep libstdc++ # 没有devtoolset-4-libstdc包
libstdc++-4.4.7-18.el6.x86_64
libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-18.el6.x86_64
devtoolset-4-libstdc++-devel-5.3.1-6.1.el6.x86_64
[root@Python ~]
# rpm -ql devtoolset-4-libstdc++-devel|grep libstdc++.so
[root@Python ~]
# rpm -ql libstdc++-devel|grep libstdc++.so
[root@Python ~]
# rpm -ql libstdc++|grep libstdc++.so
/usr/lib64/libstdc
++.so.6
/usr/lib64/libstdc
++.so.6.0.13
[root@Python ~]
# ls -l `rpm -ql libstdc++|grep libstdc++.so`
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 Jun 7 06:46
/usr/lib64/libstdc
++.so.6 -> libstdc++.so.6.0.13
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 987096 Mar 21 12:04
/usr/lib64/libstdc
++.so.6.0.13
[root@Python ~]
# find / -name "libstdc++*"
/root/libstdc
++-5.3.1-6.fc22.x86_64.rpm
/opt/rh/devtoolset-4/root/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/5
.3.1
/libstdc
++_nonshared.a
/opt/rh/devtoolset-4/root/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/5
.3.1
/libstdc
++.so
/opt/rh/devtoolset-4/root/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/5
.3.1
/32/libstdc
++_nonshared.a
/opt/rh/devtoolset-4/root/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/5
.3.1
/32/libstdc
++.so
/opt/rh/devtoolset-4/root/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/5
.3.1
/32/libstdc
++fs.a
/opt/rh/devtoolset-4/root/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/5
.3.1
/32/libstdc
++.a
/opt/rh/devtoolset-4/root/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/5
.3.1
/libstdc
++fs.a
/opt/rh/devtoolset-4/root/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/5
.3.1
/libstdc
++.a
/usr/lib64/libstdc
++.so.6
/usr/lib64/libstdc
++.so.6.0.13
/usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib64/libstdc
++.so.6.0.13-gdb.py
/usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib64/libstdc
++.so.6.0.13-gdb.pyo
/usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib64/libstdc
++.so.6.0.13-gdb.pyc
/usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib/libstdc
++.so.6.0.13-gdb.py
/usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib/libstdc
++.so.6.0.13-gdb.pyo
/usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib/libstdc
++.so.6.0.13-gdb.pyc
/usr/share/doc/libstdc
++-devel-4.4.7
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4
.4.4
/libstdc
++.so
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4
.4.4
/32/libstdc
++.so
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4
.4.4
/32/libstdc
++.a
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4
.4.4
/libstdc
++.a
/usr/lib/vmware-tools/lib64/libstdc
++.so.6
/usr/lib/vmware-tools/lib64/libstdc
++.so.6
/libstdc
++.so.6
/usr/lib/vmware-tools/lib32/libstdc
++.so.6
/usr/lib/vmware-tools/lib32/libstdc
++.so.6
/libstdc
++.so.6
# devtoolset安装的gcc还是调用老的libstdc++动态库
[root@Python ~]
# vim /opt/rh/devtoolset-4/root/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/5.3.1/libstdc++.so
[root@Python ~]
# vim /opt/rh/devtoolset-4/root/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/5.3.1/32/libstdc++.so
[root@Python ~]
# strings /opt/rh/devtoolset-4/root/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/5.3.1/32/libstdc++.so
/* GNU ld script
Use the shared library, but some functions are only
in
the static library, so try that secondarily. */
OUTPUT_FORMAT(elf32-i386)
INPUT (
/usr/lib/libstdc
++.so.6 -lstdc++_nonshared )
[root@Python ~]
# strings /opt/rh/devtoolset-4/root/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/5.3.1/libstdc++.so
/* GNU ld script
Use the shared library, but some functions are only
in
the static library, so try that secondarily. */
OUTPUT_FORMAT(elf64-x86-64)
INPUT (
/usr/lib64/libstdc
++.so.6 -lstdc++_nonshared )
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详见：http://xiexiaojun.blog.51cto.com/2305291/1934746
本文转自xiexiaojun51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/xiexiaojun/1934716 ，如需转载请自行联系原作者
