由于目前线上的两台NFS服务器，一台为主，一台为备。主到备的数据同步，靠rsync来做。由于数据偏重于图片业务，并且还是千万级的碎图片。在目前的业务框架下，NFS服务是存在单点的，并且数据的同步也不能做完全实时性，从而导致不能确保一致性。因此，出于对业务在线率和数据安全的保障，目前需要一套新的架构来解决 NFS 服务单点和数据实时同步的问题。
然后，就没有然后了。
下面是一个丑到爆的新方案架构图，已经在公司测试环境的部署，并且进行了不完全充分的测试。
架构拓扑：
简单描述：
两台 NFS 服务器，通过 em1 网卡与内网的其他业务服务器进行通信，em2网卡主要负责两台 NFS 服务器之间心跳通信，em3网卡主要负责drbd数据同步的传输。
前面的2台图片服务器通过 NFS 集群提供出来的一个VIP 192.168.0.219 来使用 NFS 集群服务。
一、项目基础设施及信息介绍
1、设备信息
现有的两台 NFS 存储服务器的硬件配置信息： CPU： Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2609 0 @ 2.40GHz MEM： 16G Raid： RAID 1 Disk： SSD 200G x 2 网卡：集成的 4 个千兆网卡 Link is up at 1000 Mbps, full duplex 前端两台静态图片服务器硬件配置信息： 略
2、网络
浮动 VIP : 192.168.0.219 # 漂浮在M1和M2上，负责对外提供服务 现有的两台 NFS 存储服务器的网络配置信息： 主机名：M1.redhat.sx em1：192.168.0.210 内网 em2：172.16.0.210 心跳线 em3：172.16.100.210 DRBD千兆数据传输 主机名：M2.redhat.sx em1：192.168.0.211 内网 em2：172.16.0.211 心跳线 em3：172.16.100.211 DRBD千兆数据传输
3、系统环境
内核版本：2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64 系统版本：CentOS 6.5 系统位数：x86_64 防火墙规则清空 selinux关闭
4、软件版本
heartbeat-3.0.4-2.el6.x86_64 drbd-8.4.3 rpcbind-0.2.0-11.el6.x86_64 nfs-utils-1.2.3-54.el6.x86_64
二、基础服务配置
这里仅以 M1 服务的配置为例，M2 服务器配置与此相同。
1、配置时间同步
M1端：
[root@M1 ~]# ntpdate pool.ntp.org 12 Nov 14:45:15 ntpdate[27898]: adjust time server 42.96.167.209 offset 0.044720 sec
M2端：
[root@M2 ~]# ntpdate pool.ntp.org 12 Nov 14:45:06 ntpdate[24447]: adjust time server 42.96.167.209 offset 0.063174 sec
2、配置/etc/hosts文件
M1端：
[root@M1 ~]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 192.168.0.210 M1.redhat.sx 192.168.0.211 M2.redhat.sx
M2端：
[root@M2 ~]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 192.168.0.210 M1.redhat.sx 192.168.0.211 M2.redhat.sx
3、增加主机间路由
首先先验证 M1 和 M2 的服务器 IP 是否合乎规划
M1端：
[root@M1 ~]# ifconfig|egrep 'Link encap|inet addr' # 验证现有 IP 信息 em1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr B8:CA:3A:F1:00:2F inet addr:192.168.0.210 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 em2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr B8:CA:3A:F1:00:30 inet addr:172.16.0.210 Bcast:172.16.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 em3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr B8:CA:3A:F1:00:31 inet addr:172.16.100.210 Bcast:172.16.100.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
M2端：
[root@M2 ~]# ifconfig|egrep 'Link encap|inet addr' em1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr B8:CA:3A:F1:DE:37 inet addr:192.168.0.211 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 em2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr B8:CA:3A:F1:DE:38 inet addr:172.16.0.211 Bcast:172.16.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 em3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr B8:CA:3A:F1:DE:39 inet addr:172.16.100.211 Bcast:172.16.100.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
查看现有路由，然后增加相应的心跳线和drbd数据传输线路的端到端的静态路由条目。目的是为了让心跳检测和数据同步不受干扰。
M1端：
[root@M1 network-scripts]# route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 172.16.100.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 em3 172.16.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 em2 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 em1 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0 0 em1 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1003 0 0 em2 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1004 0 0 em3 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 em1 [root@M1 network-scripts]# /sbin/route add -host 172.16.0.211 dev em2 [root@M1 network-scripts]# /sbin/route add -host 172.16.100.211 dev em3 [root@M1 network-scripts]# echo '/sbin/route add -host 172.16.0.211 dev em2' >> /etc/rc.local [root@M1 network-scripts]# echo '/sbin/route add -host 172.16.100.211 dev em3' >> /etc/rc.local [root@M1 network-scripts]# tail -2 /etc/rc.local /sbin/route add -host 172.16.0.211 dev em1 /sbin/route add -host 172.16.100.211 dev em1 [root@M1 network-scripts]# route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 172.16.0.211 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 em2 172.16.100.211 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 em3 172.16.100.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 em3 172.16.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 em2 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 em1 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0 0 em1 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1003 0 0 em2 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1004 0 0 em3 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 em1 [root@M1 network-scripts]# traceroute 172.16.0.211 traceroute to 172.16.0.211 (172.16.0.211), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 172.16.0.211 (172.16.0.211) 0.820 ms 0.846 ms 0.928 ms [root@M1 network-scripts]# traceroute 172.16.100.211 traceroute to 172.16.100.211 (172.16.100.211), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 172.16.100.211 (172.16.100.211) 0.291 ms 0.273 ms 0.257 ms
M2端：
[root@M2 network-scripts]# route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 172.16.100.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 em3 172.16.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 em2 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 em1 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0 0 em1 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1003 0 0 em2 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1004 0 0 em3 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 em1 [root@M2 network-scripts]# /sbin/route add -host 172.16.0.210 dev em2 [root@M2 network-scripts]# /sbin/route add -host 172.16.100.210 dev em3 [root@M2 network-scripts]# echo '/sbin/route add -host 172.16.0.210 dev em2' >> /etc/rc.local [root@M2 network-scripts]# echo '/sbin/route add -host 172.16.100.210 dev em3' >> /etc/rc.local [root@M2 network-scripts]# tail -2 /etc/rc.local /sbin/route add -host 172.16.0.210 dev em1 /sbin/route add -host 172.16.100.210 dev em1 [root@M2 network-scripts]# route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 172.16.0.210 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 em2 172.16.100.210 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 em3 172.16.100.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 em3 172.16.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 em2 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 em1 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0 0 em1 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1003 0 0 em2 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1004 0 0 em3 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 em1 [root@M2 network-scripts]# traceroute 172.16.0.210 traceroute to 172.16.0.210 (172.16.0.210), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 172.16.0.210 (172.16.0.210) 0.816 ms 0.843 ms 0.922 ms [root@M2 network-scripts]# traceroute 172.16.100.210 traceroute to 172.16.100.210 (172.16.100.210), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 172.16.100.210 (172.16.100.210) 0.256 ms 0.232 ms 0.215 ms
三、部署 heartbeat 服务
此处仅演示 M1 服务端的安装，M2 的不做复述。
1、安装heartbeat软件
[root@M1 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ [root@M1 yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo [root@M1 yum.repos.d]# rpm -Uvh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm [root@M1 yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's@#baseurl@baseurl@g' * [root@M1 yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's@mirrorlist@#mirrorlist@g' * [root@M1 yum.repos.d]# yum install heartbeat -y # 该命令有时可能需要执行2次
2、配置heartbeat服务
[root@M1 yum.repos.d]# cd /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/ [root@M1 heartbeat-3.0.4]# ll |egrep 'ha.cf|authkeys|haresources' -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 645 Dec 3 2013 authkeys # heartbeat服务的认证文件 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 10502 Dec 3 2013 ha.cf # heartbeat服务主配置文件 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5905 Dec 3 2013 haresources # heartbeat资源文件 [root@M1 heartbeat-3.0.4]# cp ha.cf authkeys haresources /etc/ha.d/ [root@M1 heartbeat-3.0.4]# cd /etc/ha.d/ [root@M1 ha.d]# ls authkeys ha.cf harc haresources rc.d README.config resource.d shellfuncs
注意：主备节点两端的配置文件(ha.cf,authkeys,haresource)完全相同，下面是各个节点的文件内容
针对heartbeat的配置，主要就是修改ha.cf、authkeys、haresources这三个文件，下面我列出这三个文件的配置信息，大家仅作参考！
a、ha.cf 文件
[root@M1 ~]# cat /etc/ha.d/ha.cf debugfile /var/log/ha-debug logfile /var/log/ha-log logfacility local0 keepalive 2 deadtime 10 warntime 6 #initdead 120 udpport 694 #bcast em2 mcast em2 225.0.0.192 694 1 0 auto_failback on respawn hacluster /usr/lib64/heartbeat/ipfail node M1.redhat.sx node M2.redhat.sx ping 192.168.0.1
b、authkeys 文件
[root@M1 ha.d]# cat authkeys auth 1 # 采用何种加密方式 1 crc # 无加密 #2 sha1 HI! # 启用sha1的加密方式 #3 md5 Hello! # 采用md5的加密方式 [root@M1 ha.d]# chmod 600 authkeys # 该文件必须设置为600权限，不然heartbeat启动会报错
c、haresources 文件
[root@M1 ha.d]# cat haresources M1.redhat.sx IPaddr::192.168.0.219/24/em1 #NFS IPaddr::192.168.0.219/24/em1 drbddisk::data Filesystem::/dev/drbd0::/data::ext4 rpcbind nfsd
注意：这个里的nfsd并不是heartbeat自带的，需要自己编写。
针对该脚本的编写需要满足一下需求：
1、有可执行权限
2、必须存放在/etc/ha.d/resource.d或/etc/init.d目录下
3、必须有start、stop这两个功能
具体脚本信息，下文会写。
4、启动heartbeat
[root@M1 ha.d]# /etc/init.d/heartbeat start Starting High-Availability services: INFO: Resource is stopped Done. [root@M1 ha.d]# chkconfig heartbeat off
说明：关闭开机自启动。当服务重启时，需要人工去启动。
5、测试heartbeat
在此步测试之前，请先在 M2 上操作如上步骤！
a、正常状态
[root@M1 ha.d]# ip a|grep em1 2: em1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000 inet 192.168.0.210/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global em1 inet 192.168.0.219/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global secondary em1 # 之前在heartbeat资源文件中定义的 VIP [root@M2 ha.d]# ip a|grep em1 2: em1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000 inet 192.168.0.211/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global em1
说明：M1主节点拥有vip地址，M2节点没有。
b、模拟主节点宕机后的状态
[root@M1 ha.d]# /etc/init.d/heartbeat stop Stopping High-Availability services: Done. [root@M1 ha.d]# ip a|grep em1 2: em1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000 inet 192.168.0.210/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global em1 [root@M2 ha.d]# ip a|grep em1 2: em1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000 inet 192.168.0.211/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global em1 inet 192.168.0.219/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global secondary em1
说明：M1宕机后，VIP地址漂移到M2节点上，M2节点成为主节点
c、模拟主节点故障恢复后的状态
[root@M1 ha.d]# /etc/init.d/heartbeat start Starting High-Availability services: INFO: Resource is stopped Done. [root@M1 ha.d]# ip a|grep em1 2: em1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000 inet 192.168.0.210/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global em1 inet 192.168.0.219/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global secondary em1
说明：M1节点恢复之后，又抢占回了VIP资源
四、DRBD安装部署
1、新添加（初始）硬盘
过程略
2、安装drbd
针对drbd的安装，我们不仅可以使用yum的方式，还可以使用编译安装的方式。由于我在操作的时候，无法从当前yum源取得drbd的rpm包，因此我就采用了编译的安装方式。
[root@M1 ~]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ kernel-devel kernel-headers flex make [root@M1 ~]# cd /usr/local/src [root@M1 src]# wget http://oss.linbit.com/drbd/8.4/drbd-8.4.3.tar.gz [root@M1 src]# tar zxf drbd-8.4.3.tar.gz [root@M1 src]# cd drbd-8.4.3 [root@M1 ha.d]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/drbd --with-km --with-heartbeat [root@M1 ha.d]# make KDIR=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64/ [root@M1 ha.d]# make install [root@M1 ha.d]# mkdir -p /usr/local/drbd/var/run/drbd [root@M1 ha.d]# cp /usr/local/drbd/etc/rc.d/init.d/drbd /etc/init.d/ [root@M1 ha.d]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/drbd [root@M1 ha.d]# modprobe drbd # 执行命令加载drbd模块到内核 [root@M1 ha.d]# lsmod|grep drbd # 检查drbd是否被正确的加载到内核 drbd 310236 3 libcrc32c 1246 1 drbd
3、配置DRBD
有关DRBD涉及到的配置文件主要是global_common.conf和用户自定义的资源文件（当然，该资源文件可以写到global_common.conf中）。
注意：M1和M2这两个主备节点的以下配置文件完全一样
[root@M1 ~]# cat /usr/local/drbd/etc/drbd.d/global_common.conf global { usage-count no; } common { protocol C; disk { on-io-error detach; # 配置I/O错误处理策略为分离 no-disk-flushes; no-md-flushes; } net { cram-hmac-alg "sha1"; # 设置加密算法 shared-secret "allendrbd"; # 设置加密密钥 sndbuf-size 512k; max-buffers 8000; unplug-watermark 1024; max-epoch-size 8000; after-sb-0pri disconnect; after-sb-1pri disconnect; after-sb-2pri disconnect; rr-conflict disconnect; } syncer { rate 1024M; # 设置主备节点同步时的网络速率 al-extents 517; } } [root@M1 ~]# cat /usr/local/drbd/etc/drbd.d/drbd.res resource drbd { # 定义一个drbd的资源名 on M1.redhat.sx { # 主机说明以on开头，后面跟主机名称 device /dev/drbd0; # drbd设备名称 disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_drbd; # drbd0 使用的是逻辑卷/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_drbd address 172.16.100.210:7789; # 设置DRBD监听地址与端口 meta-disk internal; # 设置元数据盘为内部模式 } on M2.redhat.sx { device /dev/drbd0; disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_drbd; address 172.16.100.211:7789; meta-disk internal; } }
4、初始化meta分区
[root@M1 drbd]# drbdadm create-md drbd Writing meta data... initializing activity log NOT initializing bitmap New drbd meta data block successfully created.
5、启动drbd服务
此处，我们可以看下M1 和M2 启动drbd服务前后，drbd设备发生的变化
M1端：
[root@M1 drbd]# cat /proc/drbd # 启动前 drbd 设备信息 version: 8.4.3 (api:1/proto:86-101) GIT-hash: 89a294209144b68adb3ee85a73221f964d3ee515 build by root@M1.redhat.sx, 2014-11-11 16:20:26 [root@M1 drbd]# drbdadm up all # 启动drbd，这里也可以使用脚本去启动 [root@M1 drbd]# cat /proc/drbd # 启动后 drbd 设备信息 version: 8.4.3 (api:1/proto:86-101) GIT-hash: 89a294209144b68adb3ee85a73221f964d3ee515 build by root@M1.redhat.sx, 2014-11-11 16:20:26 0: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Secondary ds:Inconsistent/Inconsistent C r----- ns:0 nr:0 dw:0 dr:0 al:0 bm:0 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:133615596
M2端：
[root@M2 ~]# cat /proc/drbd version: 8.4.3 (api:1/proto:86-101) GIT-hash: 89a294209144b68adb3ee85a73221f964d3ee515 build by root@M2.redhat.sx, 2014-11-11 16:25:08 [root@M2 ~]# drbdadm up all [root@M2 ~]# cat /proc/drbd version: 8.4.3 (api:1/proto:86-101) GIT-hash: 89a294209144b68adb3ee85a73221f964d3ee515 build by root@M2.redhat.sx, 2014-11-11 16:25:08 0: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Secondary ds:Inconsistent/Inconsistent C r----- ns:0 nr:0 dw:0 dr:0 al:0 bm:0 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:133615596
6、初始化设备同步,并确立主节点（覆盖备节点，保持数据一致）
M1端：
[root@M1 drbd]# drbdadm -- --overwrite-data-of-peer primary drbd [root@M1 drbd]# cat /proc/drbd version: 8.4.3 (api:1/proto:86-101) GIT-hash: 89a294209144b68adb3ee85a73221f964d3ee515 build by root@M1.redhat.sx, 2014-11-11 16:20:26 0: cs:SyncSource ro:Primary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/Inconsistent C r---n- ns:140132 nr:0 dw:0 dr:144024 al:0 bm:8 lo:0 pe:17 ua:26 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:133477612 [>....................] sync'ed: 0.2% (130348/130480)M finish: 0:16:07 speed: 137,984 (137,984) K/sec
M2端：
[root@M2 ~]# cat /proc/drbd version: 8.4.3 (api:1/proto:86-101) GIT-hash: 89a294209144b68adb3ee85a73221f964d3ee515 build by root@M2.redhat.sx, 2014-11-11 16:25:08 0: cs:SyncTarget ro:Secondary/Primary ds:Inconsistent/UpToDate C r----- ns:0 nr:461440 dw:461312 dr:0 al:0 bm:28 lo:2 pe:75 ua:1 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:133154284 [>....................] sync'ed: 0.4% (130032/130480)M finish: 0:19:13 speed: 115,328 (115,328) want: 102,400 K/sec
同步完毕之后状态：
M1端：
[root@M1 ~]# cat /proc/drbd version: 8.4.3 (api:1/proto:86-101) GIT-hash: 89a294209144b68adb3ee85a73221f964d3ee515 build by root@M1.redhat.sx, 2014-11-11 16:20:26 0: cs:Connected ro:Primary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r----- ns:133615596 nr:0 dw:0 dr:133616260 al:0 bm:8156 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:0
M2端：
[root@M2 ~]# cat /proc/drbd version: 8.4.3 (api:1/proto:86-101) GIT-hash: 89a294209144b68adb3ee85a73221f964d3ee515 build by root@M2.redhat.sx, 2014-11-11 16:25:08 0: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Primary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r----- ns:0 nr:133615596 dw:133615596 dr:0 al:0 bm:8156 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:0
7、挂载drbd分区到data数据目录
[root@M1 drbd]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/drbd0 mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 8355840 inodes, 33403899 blocks 1670194 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296 1020 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 21 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. [root@M1 drbd]# mount /dev/drbd0 /data/ [root@M1 drbd]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 50G 5.6G 42G 12% / tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 477M 46M 406M 11% /boot /dev/drbd0 126G 60M 119G 1% /data
8、测试主节点写入，备节点是否能同步
M1端：
[root@M1 drbd]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/data/test bs=1G count=1 1+0 records in 1+0 records out 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 1.26333 s, 850 MB/s [root@M1 drbd]# cat /proc/drbd version: 8.4.3 (api:1/proto:86-101) GIT-hash: 89a294209144b68adb3ee85a73221f964d3ee515 build by root@M1.redhat.sx, 2014-11-11 16:20:26 0: cs:Connected ro:Primary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r----- ns:135840788 nr:0 dw:2225192 dr:133617369 al:619 bm:8156 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:0 [root@M1 drbd]# umount /data/ [root@M1 drbd]# drbdadm down drbd # 关闭名字为drbd的资源
M2端：
[root@M2 ~]# cat /proc/drbd # 主节点关闭资源之后，查看备节点的信息，可以看到主节点的角色已经变为UnKnown version: 8.4.3 (api:1/proto:86-101) GIT-hash: 89a294209144b68adb3ee85a73221f964d3ee515 build by root@M2.redhat.sx, 2014-11-11 16:25:08 0: cs:WFConnection ro:Secondary/Unknown ds:UpToDate/DUnknown C r----- ns:0 nr:136889524 dw:136889524 dr:0 al:0 bm:8156 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:0 [root@M2 ~]# drbdadm primary drbd # 确立自己的角色为primary，即主节点 [root@M2 ~]# mount /dev/drbd0 /data [root@M2 ~]# cd /data [root@M2 data]# ls # 发现数据还在 lost+found test [root@M2 data]# du -sh test 1.1G test [root@M2 data]# cat /proc/drbd # 查看当前 drbd 设备信息 version: 8.4.3 (api:1/proto:86-101) GIT-hash: 89a294209144b68adb3ee85a73221f964d3ee515 build by root@M2.redhat.sx, 2014-11-11 16:25:08 0: cs:WFConnection ro:Primary/Unknown ds:UpToDate/DUnknown C r----- ns:0 nr:136889524 dw:136889548 dr:1045 al:3 bm:8156 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:24
五、NFS安装部署
该操作依旧仅以M1为例，M2操作亦如此。
1、安装nfs
[root@M1 drbd]# yum install nfs-utils rpcbind -y [root@M2 ~]# yum install nfs-utils rpcbind -y
2、配置 nfs 共享目录
[root@M1 drbd]# cat /etc/exports /data 192.168.0.0/24(rw,sync,no_root_squash,anonuid=0,anongid=0) [root@M2 ~]# cat /etc/exports /data 192.168.0.0/24(rw,sync,no_root_squash,anonuid=0,anongid=0)
3、启动 rpcbind 和 nfs 服务
[root@M1 drbd]# /etc/init.d/rpcbind start;chkconfig rpcbind off [root@M1 drbd]# /etc/init.d/nfs start;chkconfig nfs off Starting NFS services: [ OK ] Starting NFS quotas: [ OK ] Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ] Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ] Starting RPC idmapd: [ OK ] [root@M2 drbd]# /etc/init.d/rpcbind start;chkconfig rpcbind off [root@M2 drbd]# /etc/init.d/nfs start;chkconfig nfs off Starting NFS services: [ OK ] Starting NFS quotas: [ OK ] Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ] Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ] Starting RPC idmapd: [ OK ]192
4、测试 nfs
[root@C1 ~] # mount -t nfs -o noatime,nodiratime 192.168.0.219:/data /xxxxx/ [root@C1 ~] # df -h|grep data 192.168.0.219:/data 126G 1.1G 118G 1% /data [root@C1 ~] # cd /data [root@C1 data] # ls lost+found test [root@C1 data] # echo 'nolinux' >> nihao [root@C1 data] # ls lost+found nihao test [root@C1 data] # cat nihao nolinux
六、整合Heartbeat、DRBD和NFS服务
注意，一下修改的heartbeat的文件和脚本都需要在M1和M2上保持相同配置！
1、修改 heartbeat 资源定义文件
修改heartbeat的资源定义文件，添加对drbd服务、磁盘挂载、nfs服务的自动管理，修改结果如下：
[root@M1 ~]# cat /etc/ha.d/haresources M1.redhat.sx IPaddr::192.168.0.219/24/em1 drbddisk::drbd Filesystem::/dev/drbd0::/data::ext4 nfsd
这里需要注意的是，配置文件中使用的IPaddr、drbddisk都是存在于/etc/ha.d/resource.d/目录下的，该目录下自带了很多服务管理脚本，来提供给heartbeat服务调用。而后面的nfsd，默认heartbeat是不带的，这里附上该脚本。
[root@M1 /]# vim /etc/ha.d/resource.d/nfsd #!/bin/bash # case $1 in start) /etc/init.d/nfs restart ;; stop) for proc in rpc.mountd rpc.rquotad nfsd nfsd do killall -9 $proc done ;; esac [root@M1 /]# chmod 755 /etc/ha.d/resource.d/nfsd
虽然，系统自带了nfs的启动脚本，但是在 heartbeat 调用时无法彻底杀死 nfs 进程，因此才需要我们自己编写启动脚本。
2、重启heartbeat，启动 NFS 高可用
一下操作，最好按顺序！
[root@M1 ~]# /etc/init.d/heartbeat stop Stopping High-Availability services: Done. [root@M2 ~]# /etc/init.d/heartbeat stop Stopping High-Availability services: Done. [root@M1 ~]# /etc/init.d/heartbeat start Starting High-Availability services: INFO: Resource is stopped Done. [root@M2 ~]# /etc/init.d/heartbeat start Starting High-Availability services: INFO: Resource is stopped Done. [root@M1 ~]# ip a|grep em1 2: em1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000 inet 192.168.0.210/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global em1 inet 192.168.0.219/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global secondary em1 [root@M2 ~]# ip a |grep em1 2: em1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000 inet 192.168.0.211/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global em1 [root@M1 ~]# cat /proc/drbd version: 8.4.3 (api:1/proto:86-101) GIT-hash: 89a294209144b68adb3ee85a73221f964d3ee515 build by root@M1.redhat.sx, 2014-11-11 16:20:26 0: cs:Connected ro:Primary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r----- ns:24936 nr:13016 dw:37920 dr:17307 al:15 bm:5 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:0 [root@M2 ~]# cat /proc/drbd version: 8.4.3 (api:1/proto:86-101) GIT-hash: 89a294209144b68adb3ee85a73221f964d3ee515 build by root@M2.redhat.sx, 2014-11-11 16:25:08 0: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Primary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r----- ns:84 nr:24 dw:37896 dr:10589 al:14 bm:5 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:0 C1 端挂载测试： [root@C1 ~] # mount 192.168.0.219:/data /data [root@C1 ~] # df -h |grep data 192.168.0.219:/data 126G 60M 119G 1% /data
OK，可以看出C1客户端能够通过VIP成功挂载NFS高可用存储共享出来的NFS服务。
3、测试
这里，将进行对NFS高可用集群进行测试，看遇到故障之后，是否服务能够正常切换。
a、测试关闭heartbeat服务后，nfs服务是否正常
M1端heartbeat服务宕前，M1端状态：
[root@M1 ~]# ip a|grep em1 2: em1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000 inet 192.168.0.210/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global em1 inet 192.168.0.219/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global secondary em1 [root@M1 ~]# cat /proc/drbd version: 8.4.3 (api:1/proto:86-101) GIT-hash: 89a294209144b68adb3ee85a73221f964d3ee515 build by root@M1.redhat.sx, 2014-11-11 16:20:26 0: cs:Connected ro:Primary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r----- ns:8803768 nr:3736832 dw:12540596 dr:5252 al:2578 bm:1 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:0
M1端heartbeat服务宕前，M2端状态：
[root@M2 ~]# ip a|grep em1 2: em1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000 inet 192.168.0.211/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global em1 [root@M2 ~]# cat /proc/drbd version: 8.4.3 (api:1/proto:86-101) GIT-hash: 89a294209144b68adb3ee85a73221f964d3ee515 build by root@M2.redhat.sx, 2014-11-11 16:25:08 0: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Primary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r----- ns:4014352 nr:11417156 dw:15431508 dr:5941 al:1168 bm:1 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:0
宕掉M1端heartbeat服务：
[root@M1 ~]# /etc/init.d/heartbeat stop Stopping High-Availability services: Done.
M1端heartbeat服务宕后，M1端状态：
[root@M1 ~]# ip a|grep em1 2: em1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000 inet 192.168.0.210/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global em1 [root@M1 ~]# cat /proc/drbd version: 8.4.3 (api:1/proto:86-101) GIT-hash: 89a294209144b68adb3ee85a73221f964d3ee515 build by root@M1.redhat.sx, 2014-11-11 16:20:26 0: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Primary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r----- ns:11417152 nr:4014300 dw:15431448 dr:7037 al:3221 bm:1 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:0
M1端heartbeat服务宕后，M2端状态：
[root@M2 ~]# ip a|grep em1 2: em1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000 inet 192.168.0.211/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global em1 inet 192.168.0.219/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global secondary em1 [root@M2 ~]# cat /proc/drbd version: 8.4.3 (api:1/proto:86-101) GIT-hash: 89a294209144b68adb3ee85a73221f964d3ee515 build by root@M2.redhat.sx, 2014-11-11 16:25:08 0: cs:Connected ro:Primary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r----- ns:4014300 nr:11417152 dw:15431452 dr:5941 al:1168 bm:1 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:0
恢复M1端的heartbeat服务，看M2是否回切
恢复M1端heartbeat服务：
[root@M1 ~]# /etc/init.d/heartbeat start Starting High-Availability services: INFO: Resource is stopped Done.
M1端heartbeat服务恢复后，M1端状态：
[root@M1 ~]# ip a|grep em1 2: em1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000 inet 192.168.0.210/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global em1 inet 192.168.0.219/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global secondary em1 [root@M1 ~]# cat /proc/drbd version: 8.4.3 (api:1/proto:86-101) GIT-hash: 89a294209144b68adb3ee85a73221f964d3ee515 build by root@M1.redhat.sx, 2014-11-11 16:20:26 0: cs:Connected ro:Primary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r----- ns:11417156 nr:4014352 dw:15431504 dr:7874 al:3221 bm:1 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:0
M1端heartbeat服务恢复后，M2端状态：
[root@M2 ~]# ip a|grep em1 2: em1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000 inet 192.168.0.211/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global em1 [root@M2 ~]# cat /proc/drbd version: 8.4.3 (api:1/proto:86-101) GIT-hash: 89a294209144b68adb3ee85a73221f964d3ee515 build by root@M2.redhat.sx, 2014-11-11 16:25:08 0: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Primary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r----- ns:4014352 nr:11417156 dw:15431508 dr:5941 al:1168 bm:1 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:0
C1端针对NFS切换的受影响效果分析：
[root@C1 ~] # for i in `seq 1 10000`;do dd if=/dev/zero of=/data/test$i bs=10M count=1;stat /data/test$i|grep 'Access: 2014';done # 这里仅仅截取部分输出 1+0 records in 1+0 records out 10485760 bytes (10 MB) copied, 15.1816 s, 691 kB/s Access: 2014-11-12 23:26:15.945546803 +0800 1+0 records in 1+0 records out 10485760 bytes (10 MB) copied, 0.20511 s, 51.1 MB/s Access: 2014-11-12 23:28:11.687931979 +0800 1+0 records in 1+0 records out 10485760 bytes (10 MB) copied, 0.20316 s, 51.6 MB/s Access: 2014-11-12 23:28:11.900936657 +0800
注意：目测，NFS必须需要2分钟的延迟。测试了很多方法，这个问题目前尚未解决！
b、测试关闭心跳线之外的网络后，nfs服务是否正常
M1端em1网口宕前，M1端状态：
[root@M1 ~]# ip a|grep em1 2: em1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000 inet 192.168.0.210/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global em1 inet 192.168.0.219/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global secondary em1 [root@M1 ~]# cat /proc/drbd version: 8.4.3 (api:1/proto:86-101) GIT-hash: 89a294209144b68adb3ee85a73221f964d3ee515 build by root@M1.redhat.sx, 2014-11-11 16:20:26 0: cs:Connected ro:Primary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r----- ns:11417156 nr:4014352 dw:15431504 dr:7874 al:3221 bm:1 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:0
宕掉M1端的em1网口：
[root@M1 ~]# ifdown em1
M1端em1网口宕后，M1端状态：（在M2端上通过心跳线，SSH到M1端）
[root@M1 ~]# ip a|grep em1 2: em1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state DOWN qlen 1000 [root@M1 ~]# cat /proc/drbd version: 8.4.3 (api:1/proto:86-101) GIT-hash: 89a294209144b68adb3ee85a73221f964d3ee515 build by root@M1.redhat.sx, 2014-11-11 16:20:26 0: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Primary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r----- ns:11993288 nr:4024660 dw:16017944 dr:8890 al:3222 bm:1 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:0
M1端em1网口宕后，M2端状态：
[root@M2 ~]# ip a|grep em1 2: em1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000 inet 192.168.0.211/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global em1 inet 192.168.0.219/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global secondary em1 [root@M2 ~]# cat /proc/drbd version: 8.4.3 (api:1/proto:86-101) GIT-hash: 89a294209144b68adb3ee85a73221f964d3ee515 build by root@M2.redhat.sx, 2014-11-11 16:25:08 0: cs:Connected ro:Primary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r----- ns:4024620 nr:11993288 dw:16017908 dr:7090 al:1171 bm:1 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:0
恢复M1端的em1网口：
[root@M1 ~]# ifup em1
恢复M1端的em1网口，M1端状态：
[root@M1 ~]# ip a |grep em1 2: em1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000 inet 192.168.0.210/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global em1 inet 192.168.0.219/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global secondary em1 [root@M1 ~]# cat /proc/drbd version: 8.4.3 (api:1/proto:86-101) GIT-hash: 89a294209144b68adb3ee85a73221f964d3ee515 build by root@M1.redhat.sx, 2014-11-11 16:20:26 0: cs:Connected ro:Primary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r----- ns:11993292 nr:4024680 dw:16017968 dr:9727 al:3222 bm:1 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:0
恢复M1端的em1网口，M2端状态：
[root@M2 ~]# ip a|grep em1 2: em1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000 inet 192.168.0.211/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global em1 [root@M2 ~]# cat /proc/drbd version: 8.4.3 (api:1/proto:86-101) GIT-hash: 89a294209144b68adb3ee85a73221f964d3ee515 build by root@M2.redhat.sx, 2014-11-11 16:25:08 0: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Primary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r----- ns:4024680 nr:11993292 dw:16017972 dr:7102 al:1171 bm:1 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:d oos:0
有关heartbeat和keepalived的脑裂问题，此处不做描述，后面另起文章去写。
以上文章是前一段公司存储改造时，我写的方案，此处分享给大家。
后来在测试过程中，由于NFS是靠RPC机制来进行通信的，受RPCBIND机制的影响，导致NFS服务端切换之后，NFS的客户端会受到1-2分的延迟。在NFS客户端频繁写入的情况下时间可能会更久，在NFS客户端无写入时，依旧需要一分钟多。因此，后来弃用了这种架构。不知道51的博友们，是如何解决NFS服务端切换导致NFS挂载客户端延时这个问题的呢？
本文转自 326647452 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/svsky/1670851，如需转载请自行联系原作者
