DRBD (DistributedReplicated Block Device) 是 Linux 平台上的分散式储存系统。其中包含了核心模组，数个使用者空间管理程式及 shell scripts，通常用于高可用性（high availability, HA）丛集。DRBD 类似磁盘阵列的RAID 1（镜像），只不过 RAID 1 是在同一台电脑内，而 DRBD 是透过网络。
DRBD 是以 GPL2 授权散布的自由软件。
实验架构图：
一.高可用集群构建的前提条件
1.主机名互相解析，实现主机名通信
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
172.16.31.10 node1.stu31.com node1
172.16.31.11 node2.stu31.com node2
复制一份到node2：
[root@node1 ~]# scp /etc/hostsroot@172.16.31.11:/etc/hosts
2.节点直接实现ssh无密钥通信
节点1：
[root@node1 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -P""
[root@node1 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@node2
节点2：
[root@node2 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -P""
[root@node2 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@node1
测试ssh无密钥通信：
[root@node2 ~]# date ; ssh node1 'date'
Fri Jan 2 12:34:02 CST 2015
Fri Jan 2 12:34:02 CST 2015
时间同步，上面两个节点的时间是一致的！
二.DRBD软件的安装
1.获取DRBD软件程序，CentOS6.6的内核版本是2.6.32-504
[root@node1 ~]# uname -r
2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64
DRBD已经合并到linux kernel2.6.33及以后内核版本中，这里直接安装管理工具即可，若内核
版本低于2.6.33时请额外安装DRBD内核模块，且与管理工具版本保持一致。
kmod-drbd84-8.4.5-504.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
drbd84-utils-8.9.1-1.el6.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
此软件包是经过编译源码而成，我提供下载，根据附件下载即可：
2.安装软件包，节点1和节点2都需要安装
安装时间将持续很长时间：
[root@node1 ~]# rpm -ivhdrbd84-utils-8.9.1-1.el6.elrepo.x86_64.rpm kmod-drbd84-
8.4.5-504.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning:drbd84-utils-8.9.1-1.el6.elrepo.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature,
key ID baadae52: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:drbd84-utils ########################################### [ 50%]
2:kmod-drbd84 ########################################### [100%]
Working. This may take some time ...
Done.
3.各节点准备存储设备
节点1和节点2都需要操作：
[root@node1 ~]# echo -n -e "n\np\n3\n\n+1G\nw\n"|fdisk /dev/sda
[root@node1 ~]# partx -a /dev/sda
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 1
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 2
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 3
四.配置DRBD
1.DRBD的配置文件：
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/drbd.conf
# You can find an example in /usr/share/doc/drbd.../drbd.conf.example
include "drbd.d/global_common.conf";
include "drbd.d/*.res";
DRBD的所有的控制都是在配置文件/etc/drbd.conf中。通常情况下配置文件包含如下内容：
include"/etc/drbd.d/global_common.conf";
include "/etc/drbd.d/*.res";
通常情况下，/etc/drbd.d/global_common.conf包含global和common的DRBD配置部分，而.res文件都包含一个资源的部分。
在一个单独的drbd.conf文件中配置全部是可以实现的，但是占用的配置很快就会变得混乱，变得难以管理，这也是为什么多文件管理作为首选的原因之一。
无论采用哪种方式，需必须保持在各个集群节点的drbd.conf以及其他的文件完全相同。
2.配置DRBD的全局及通用资源配置文件
[root@node1 drbd.d]# cat global_common.conf
# DRBD is the result of over a decade ofdevelopment by LINBIT.
# In case you need professional servicesfor DRBD or have
# feature requests visithttp://www.linbit.com
global {
#用于统计应用各个版本的信息。当新的版本的drbd被安装就会和http server进行联系
。当然也可以禁用该选项，默认情况下是启用该选项的。
usage-count no;
# minor-count dialog-refresh disable-ip-verification
}
common {
handlers {
# These are EXAMPLE handlersonly.
# They may have severeimplications,
# like hard resetting the nodeunder certain circumstances.
# Be careful when chosing yourpoison.
#一旦节点发生错误就降级
pri-on-incon-degr"/usr/lib/drbd/notify-pri-on-incon-degr.sh;
/usr/lib/drbd/notify-emergency-reboot.sh;echo b > /proc/sysrq-trigger ; reboot -f";
#一旦节点发生脑裂的处理是重启
pri-lost-after-sb"/usr/lib/drbd/notify-pri-lost-after-sb.sh;
/usr/lib/drbd/notify-emergency-reboot.sh;echo b > /proc/sysrq-trigger ; reboot -f";
#一旦本地io错误的处理是关机
local-io-error"/usr/lib/drbd/notify-io-error.sh;
/usr/lib/drbd/notify-emergency-shutdown.sh;echo o > /proc/sysrq-trigger ; halt -f";
# fence-peer"/usr/lib/drbd/crm-fence-peer.sh";
# split-brain"/usr/lib/drbd/notify-split-brain.sh root";
# out-of-sync"/usr/lib/drbd/notify-out-of-sync.sh root";
# before-resync-target"/usr/lib/drbd/snapshot-resync-target-lvm.sh
-p 15 -- -c 16k";
# after-resync-target/usr/lib/drbd/unsnapshot-resync-target-lvm.sh;
}
startup {
# wfc-timeout degr-wfc-timeoutoutdated-wfc-timeout wait-after-sb
}
options {
# cpu-maskon-no-data-accessible
}
disk {
# size on-io-error fencingdisk-barrier disk-flushes
#一旦本地磁盘发生IO错误时的操作:拆除
on-io-error detach;
# disk-drain md-flushesresync-rate resync-after al-extents
# c-plan-ahead c-delay-targetc-fill-target c-max-rate
# c-min-rate disk-timeout
}
net {
# protocol timeoutmax-epoch-size max-buffers unplug-watermark
#资源配饰使用完全同步复制协议（Protocol C），除非另有明确指定；表示
收到远程主机的写入确认后,则认为写入完成.
protocol C;
# connect-int ping-intsndbuf-size rcvbuf-size ko-count
# allow-two-primariescram-hmac-alg shared-secret after-sb-0pri
#设置主备机之间通信使用的信息算法.
cram-hmac-alg "sha1";
#消息摘要认证密钥
shared-secret "password";
# after-sb-1pri after-sb-2prialways-asbp rr-conflict
# ping-timeoutdata-integrity-alg tcp-cork on-congestion
# congestion-fillcongestion-extents csums-alg verify-alg
# use-rle
}
syncer {
#设置主备节点同步时的网络速率最大值,单位是字节.
rate 1000M;
}
}
3.定义节点存储资源配置文件
一个DRBD设备(即:/dev/drbdX),叫做一个"资源"。里面包含一个DRBD设备的主备节点的的ip信息，底层存储设备名称，设备大小，meta信息存放方式，drbd对外提供的设备名等等。
[root@node1 drbd.d]# vim mystore.res
resource mystore {
#每个主机的说明以"on"开头,后面是主机名.在后面的{}中为这个主机的配置.
on node1.stu31.com {
device /dev/drbd0;
disk /dev/sda3;
#设置DRBD的监听端口,用于与另一台主机通信
address 172.16.31.10:7789;
meta-disk internal;
}
on node2.stu31.com {
device /dev/drbd0;
disk /dev/sda3;
address 172.16.31.11:7789;
meta-disk internal;
}
}
配置完成后复制一份到节点2：
[root@node1 drbd.d]# ls
global_common.conf mystore.res
[root@node1 drbd.d]# scp *node2:/etc/drbd.d/
global_common.conf 100% 2105 2.1KB/s 00:00
mystore.res 100% 318 0.3KB/s 00:00
4.创建matadata
在启动DRBD之前,需要分别在两台主机的sda分区上,创建供DRBD记录信息的数据块.分别在两台主机上执行:
[root@node1 drbd.d]# drbdadm create-mdmystore
initializing activity log
NOT initializing bitmap
Writing meta data...
New drbd meta data block successfullycreated.
[root@node2 ~]# drbdadm create-md mystore
initializing activity log
NOT initializing bitmap
Writing meta data...
New drbd meta data block successfullycreated.
5.启动DRBD服务
[root@node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/drbd start
Starting DRBD resources: [
create res: mystore
prepare disk: mystore
adjust disk: mystore
adjust net: mystore
]
..........
***************************************************************
DRBD's startup script waits for the peernode(s) to appear.
- Incase this node was already a degraded cluster before the
rebootthe timeout is 0 seconds. [degr-wfc-timeout]
- Ifthe peer was available before the reboot the timeout will
expire after 0 seconds. [wfc-timeout]
(These values are for resource 'mystore'; 0 sec -> wait forever)
Toabort waiting enter 'yes' [ 21]:
.
[root@node1 ~]#
节点2启动drbd：
[root@node2 ~]# /etc/init.d/drbd start
Starting DRBD resources: [
create res: mystore
prepare disk: mystore
adjust disk: mystore
adjust net: mystore
]
.
6. 查看DRBD的状态，分别在两台主机上执行
[root@node1 ~]# cat /proc/drbd
version: 8.4.5 (api:1/proto:86-101)
GIT-hash:1d360bde0e095d495786eaeb2a1ac76888e4db96 build by root@node1.magedu.com,
2015-01-02 12:06:20
0:cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Secondary ds:Inconsistent/Inconsistent C r-----
ns:0 nr:0 dw:0 dr:0 al:0 bm:0 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:f oos:1059216
对输出的含义解释如下：
ro表示角色信息，第一次启动drbd时，两个drbd节点默认都处于Secondary状态，
ds是磁盘状态信息，“Inconsistent/Inconsisten”，即为“不一致/不一致”状态，表示两个节点的磁盘数据处于不一致状态。
Ns表示网络发送的数据包信息。
Dw是磁盘写信息
Dr是磁盘读信息
7.设置主节点
由于默认没有主次节点之分，因而需要设置两个主机的主次节点，选择需要设置为主节点的主机，然后执行如下
node1为主节点
#强制设置主节点
[root@node1 ~]# drbdadm primary --force mystore
查看同步操作：
[root@node1 ~]# drbd-overview
0:mystore/0 SyncSource Primary/Secondary UpToDate/Inconsistent
[=====>..............] sync'ed: 32.1% (724368/1059216)K
[root@node1 ~]# watch -n1 'cat /proc/drbd'
完成后查看节点状态：
[root@node1 ~]# cat /proc/drbd
version: 8.4.5 (api:1/proto:86-101)
GIT-hash:1d360bde0e095d495786eaeb2a1ac76888e4db96 build by root@node1.magedu.com,
2015-01-02 12:06:20
0:cs:Connected ro:Primary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r-----
ns:1059216 nr:0 dw:0 dr:1059912 al:0 bm:0 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:foos:0
8.格式化存储
[root@node1 ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/drbd0
挂载到一个目录：
[root@node1 ~]# mount /dev/drbd0 /mnt
复制一个文件到mnt：
[root@node1 ~]# cp /etc/issue /mnt
卸载存储：
[root@node1 ~]# umount /mnt
9.切换主节点为备节点，将node2提升为主节点
节点1设置为备节点：
[root@node1 ~]# drbdadm secondary mystore
[root@node1 ~]# drbd-overview
0:mystore/0 Connected Secondary/Secondary UpToDate/UpToDate
提升节点2为主节点：
[root@node2 ~]# drbdadm primary mystore
[root@node2 ~]# drbd-overview
0:mystore/0 Connected Primary/Secondary UpToDate/UpToDate
挂载文件系统，查看文件是否存在：
[root@node2 ~]# mount /dev/drbd0 /mnt
[root@node2 ~]# ls /mnt
issue lost+found
注意：
（1）mount drbd设备以前必须把设备切换到primary状态。
（2）两个节点中，同一时刻只能有一台处于primary状态，另一台处于secondary状态。
（3）处于secondary状态的服务器上不能加载drbd设备。
（4）主备服务器同步的两个分区大小最好相同,这样不至于浪费磁盘空间,因为drbd磁盘镜像相当于网络raid 1。
10.将drbd服务关闭，开机自启动关闭：
节点1：
[root@node1 ~]# service drbd stop
Stopping all DRBD resources: .
[root@node1 ~]# chkconfig drbd off
节点2：
[root@node2 ~]# service drbd stop
Stopping all DRBD resources:
.
[root@node2 ~]# chkconfig drbd off
五.corosync+pacemaker+drbd实现mariadb高可用集群
1.安装corosync和pacemaker软件包:节点1和节点2都安装
# yum install corosync pacemaker -y
2.创建配置文件并配置
[root@node1 ~]# cd /etc/corosync/
[root@node1 corosync]# cpcorosync.conf.example corosync.conf
[root@node1 corosync]# cat corosync.conf
# Please read the corosync.conf.5 manualpage
compatibility: whitetank
totem {
version: 2
# secauth: Enable mutual node authentication. If you choose to
# enable this ("on"), then do remember to create a shared
# secret with "corosync-keygen".
#开启认证
secauth: on
threads: 0
# interface: define at least one interface to communicate
# over. If you define more than one interface stanza, you must
# also set rrp_mode.
interface {
# Rings must be consecutivelynumbered, starting at 0.
ringnumber: 0
# This is normally the*network* address of the
# interface to bind to. Thisensures that you can use
# identical instances of thisconfiguration file
# across all your clusternodes, without having to
# modify this option.
#定义网络地址
bindnetaddr: 172.16.31.0
# However, if you have multiplephysical network
# interfaces configured for thesame subnet, then the
# network address alone is notsufficient to identify
# the interface Corosync shouldbind to. In that case,
# configure the *host* addressof the interface
# instead:
# bindnetaddr: 192.168.1.1
# When selecting a multicastaddress, consider RFC
# 2365 (which, among otherthings, specifies that
# 239.255.x.x addresses areleft to the discretion of
# the network administrator).Do not reuse multicast
# addresses across multipleCorosync clusters sharing
# the same network.
#定义组播地址
mcastaddr: 239.224.131.31
# Corosync uses the port youspecify here for UDP
# messaging, and also theimmediately preceding
# port. Thus if you set this to5405, Corosync sends
# messages over UDP ports 5405and 5404.
#信息传递端口
mcastport: 5405
# Time-to-live for clustercommunication packets. The
# number of hops (routers) thatthis ring will allow
# itself to pass. Note thatmulticast routing must be
# specifically enabled on mostnetwork routers.
ttl: 1
}
}
logging {
# Log the source file and line where messages are being
# generated. When in doubt, leave off. Potentially useful for
# debugging.
fileline: off
# Log to standard error. When in doubt, set to no. Useful when
# running in the foreground (when invoking "corosync -f")
to_stderr: no
# Log to a log file. When set to "no", the "logfile"option
# must not be set.
#定义日志记录存放
to_logfile: yes
logfile: /var/log/cluster/corosync.log
# Log to the system log daemon. When in doubt, set to yes.
#to_syslog: yes
# Log debug messages (very verbose). When in doubt, leave off.
debug: off
# Log messages with time stamps. When in doubt, set to on
# (unless you are only logging to syslog, where double
# timestamps can be annoying).
timestamp: on
logger_subsys {
subsys: AMF
debug: off
}
}
#以插件方式启动pacemaker：
service {
ver: 0
name: pacemaker
}
3.生成认证密钥文件：认证密钥文件需要1024字节，手动写入太麻烦了,我们可以下载程序包来实现写满内存的熵池实现，
[root@node1 corosync]# corosync-keygen
Corosync Cluster Engine Authentication key generator.
Gathering 1024 bits for key from/dev/random.
Press keys on your keyboard to generateentropy.
Press keys on your keyboard to generateentropy (bits = 128).
Press keys on your keyboard to generateentropy (bits = 192).
Press keys on your keyboard to generateentropy (bits = 256).
Press keys on your keyboard to generateentropy (bits = 320).
Press keys on your keyboard to generateentropy (bits = 384).
Press keys on your keyboard to generateentropy (bits = 448).
Press keys on your keyboard to generateentropy (bits = 512).
Press keys on your keyboard to generateentropy (bits = 576).
Press keys on your keyboard to generateentropy (bits = 640).
Press keys on your keyboard to generateentropy (bits = 704).
Press keys on your keyboard to generate entropy(bits = 768).
Press keys on your keyboard to generateentropy (bits = 832).
Press keys on your keyboard to generateentropy (bits = 896).
Press keys on your keyboard to generateentropy (bits = 960).
Writing corosync key to/etc/corosync/authkey.
随便下载神马程序都行！
完成后将配置文件及认证密钥复制一份到节点2：
[root@node1 corosync]# scp authkey corosync.conf node2:/etc/corosync/
authkey 100% 128 0.1KB/s 00:00
corosync.conf 100% 2724 2.7KB/s 00:00
4.启动corosync服务：
[root@node1 corosync]# service corosync start
Starting Corosync Cluster Engine(corosync): [ OK ]
[root@node2 ~]# service corosync start
Starting Corosync Cluster Engine(corosync): [ OK ]
5.查看日志：
查看corosync引擎是否正常启动：
节点1的启动日志：
[root@node1 corosync]# grep -e"Corosync Cluster Engine" -e "configuration file"
/var/log/cluster/corosync.log
Jan 02 14:20:28 corosync [MAIN ] Corosync Cluster Engine ('1.4.7'): startedand
ready to provide service.
Jan 02 14:20:28 corosync [MAIN ] Successfully read main configuration file
'/etc/corosync/corosync.conf'.
节点2的启动日志：
[root@node2 ~]# grep -e "CorosyncCluster Engine" -e "configuration file"
/var/log/cluster/corosync.log
Jan 02 14:20:39 corosync [MAIN ] Corosync Cluster Engine ('1.4.7'): startedand
ready to provide service.
Jan 02 14:20:39 corosync [MAIN ] Successfully read main configuration file
'/etc/corosync/corosync.conf'.
查看关键字TOTEM，初始化成员节点通知是否发出:
[root@node1 corosync]# grep"TOTEM" /var/log/cluster/corosync.log
Jan 02 14:20:28 corosync [TOTEM ]Initializing transport (UDP/IP Multicast).
Jan 02 14:20:28 corosync [TOTEM ]Initializing transmit/receive security:
libtomcrypt SOBER128/SHA1HMAC (mode 0).
Jan 02 14:20:28 corosync [TOTEM ] Thenetwork interface [172.16.31.10] is now up.
Jan 02 14:20:28 corosync [TOTEM ] Aprocessor joined or left the membership and a
new membership was formed.
Jan 02 14:20:37 corosync [TOTEM ] Aprocessor joined or left the membership and a
new membership was formed.
查看监听端口5405是否开启：
[root@node1 ~]# ss -tunl |grep 5405
udp UNCONN 0 0 172.16.31.10:5405 *:*
udp UNCONN 0 0 239.224.131.31:5405 *:*
查看错误日志：
[root@node1 ~]# grep ERROR/var/log/cluster/corosync.log
#警告信息：将pacemaker以插件运行的告警，忽略即可
Jan 02 14:20:28 corosync [pcmk ] ERROR: process_ais_conf: You haveconfigured a
cluster using the Pacemaker plugin for Corosync.The plugin is not supported in this
environment and will be removed very soon.
Jan 02 14:20:28 corosync [pcmk ] ERROR: process_ais_conf: Please see Chapter 8 of
'Clusters from Scratch'(http://www.clusterlabs.org/doc) for details on using
Pacemaker with CMAN
Jan 02 14:20:52 [6260] node1.stu31.com pengine: notice: process_pe_message:
Configuration ERRORs found during PE processing. Please run "crm_verify -L" to
identify issues.
Jan 02 14:20:52 [6260] node1.stu31.com pengine: notice: process_pe_message:
Configuration ERRORs found during PE processing. Please run "crm_verify -L" to
identify issues.
[root@node1 ~]# crm_verify -L -V
#无stonith设备的警告信息，可以忽略
error: unpack_resources: Resource start-up disabled since no STONITH
resources have been defined
error: unpack_resources: Either configure some or disable STONITH with the
stonith-enabled option
error: unpack_resources: NOTE:Clusters with shared data need STONITH to
ensure data integrity
Errors found during check: config not valid
六.集群配置工具安装：crmsh软件安装
1.配置yum源：我这里存在一个完整的yum源服务器
[root@node1 yum.repos.d]# vimcentos6.6.repo
[base]
name=CentOS $releasever $basearch on localserver 172.16.0.1
baseurl=http://172.16.0.1/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.6-$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
[extra]
name=CentOS $releasever $basearch extras
baseurl=http://172.16.0.1/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
[epel]
name=Fedora EPEL for CentOS$releasever$basearch on local server 172.16.0.1
baseurl=http://172.16.0.1/fedora-epel/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
[corosync2]
name=corosync2
baseurl=ftp://172.16.0.1/pub/Sources/6.x86_64/corosync/
gpgcheck=0
复制一份到节点2：
[root@node1 ~]# scp /etc/yum.repos.d/centos6.6.reponode2:/etc/yum.repos.d/
centos6.6.repo 100% 521 0.5KB/s 00:00
2.安装crmsh软件，2各节点都安装
# yum install -y crmsh
# rpm -qa crmsh
crmsh-2.1-1.6.x86_64
3.去除上面的stonith设备警告错误：
[root@node1 ~]# crm
crm(live)# configure
crm(live)configure# propertystonith-enabled=false
crm(live)configure# verify
#双节点需要仲裁，或者忽略(会造成集群分裂）
crm(live)configure# propertyno-quorum-policy=ignore
crm(live)configure# verify
crm(live)configure# commit
crm(live)configure# show
node node1.stu31.com
node node2.stu31.com
property cib-bootstrap-options: \
dc-version=1.1.11-97629de \
cluster-infrastructure="classic openais (with plugin)" \
expected-quorum-votes=2 \
stonith-enabled=false \
no-quorum-policy=ignore
无错误信息输出了：
[root@node1 ~]# crm_verify -L -V
[root@node1 ~]#
七.将DRBD定义为集群服务
1.按照集群服务的要求，首先确保两个节点上的drbd服务已经停止，且不会随系统启动而自动启动：
[root@node1 ~]# drbd-overview
0:mystore/0 Unconfigured . .
[root@node1 ~]# chkconfig --list drbd
drbd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
2.配置drbd为集群资源：
提供drbd的RA目前由OCF归类为linbit，其路径为/usr/lib/ocf/resource.d/linbit/drbd。我们可以使用如下命令来查看此RA及RA的meta信息：
[root@node1 ~]# crm ra classes
lsb
ocf / heartbeat linbit pacemaker
service
stonith
[root@node1 ~]# crm ra list ocf linbit
drbd
下面命令可以查看详细信息
[root@node1 ~]# crm ra info ocf:linbit:drbd
输出内容略
drbd需要同时运行在两个节点上，但只能有一个节点（primary/secondary模型）是Master，而另一个节点为Slave；因此，它是一种比较特殊的集群资源，其资源类型为多态（Multi-state）clone类型，即主机节点有Master和Slave之分，且要求服务刚启动时两个节点都处于slave状态。
开始定义集群资源：
[root@node1 ~]# crm configure
crm(live)configure# primitive mydrbdocf:linbit:drbd params drbd_resource="mystore"
op monitor role=Slave interval=20stimeout=20s op monitor role=Master interval=10s
timeout=20s op start timeout=240s op stoptimeout=100s
crm(live)configure# verify
将集群资源设置为主从模式：
crm(live)configure# ms ms_mydrbd mydrbdmeta master-max="1" master-node-max="1"
clone-max="2"clone-node-max="1" notify="true"
crm(live)configure# verify
crm(live)configure# show
node node1.stu31.com
node node2.stu31.com
primitive mydrbd ocf:linbit:drbd \
params drbd_resource=mystore \
op monitor role=Slave interval=20s timeout=20s \
op monitor role=Master interval=10s timeout=20s \
op start timeout=240s interval=0 \
op stop timeout=100s interval=0
ms ms_mydrbd mydrbd \
meta master-max=1 master-node-max=1 clone-max=2 clone-node-max=1notify=true
property cib-bootstrap-options: \
dc-version=1.1.11-97629de \
cluster-infrastructure="classic openais (with plugin)" \
expected-quorum-votes=2 \
stonith-enabled=false \
no-quorum-policy=ignore
crm(live)configure# commit
crm(live)configure# cd
crm(live)# status
Last updated: Sat Jan 3 11:22:54 2015
Last change: Sat Jan 3 11:22:50 2015
Stack: classic openais (with plugin)
Current DC: node1.stu31.com - partitionwith quorum
Version: 1.1.11-97629de
2 Nodes configured, 2 expected votes
2 Resources configured
Online: [ node1.stu31.com node2.stu31.com ]
Master/Slave Set: ms_mydrbd [mydrbd]
Masters: [ node2.stu31.com ]
Slaves: [ node1.stu31.com ]
#master-max：有几个主资源master-node-max: 1个节点上最多运行的主资源
#clone-max：有几个克隆资源clone-node-max:1个节点上最多运行的克隆资源
#主从资源也是克隆资源的一种的，只不过它有主从关系
查看drbd的主从状态：
[root@node1 ~]# drbd-overview
0:mystore/0 Connected Secondary/Primary UpToDate/UpToDate
[root@node2 ~]# drbd-overview
0:mystore/0 Connected Primary/Secondary UpToDate/UpToDate
将node2降级成从节点并上线：
[root@node2 ~]# crm node standby
[root@node2 ~]# drbd-overview
0:mystore/0 Unconfigured . .
[root@node2 ~]# crm node online
[root@node2 ~]# drbd-overview
0:mystore/0 Connected Secondary/Primary UpToDate/UpToDate
那么node1就成为主节点了：
[root@node1 ~]# drbd-overview
0:mystore/0 Connected Primary/Secondary UpToDate/UpToDate
3.定义DRBD存储自动挂载，主节点在哪里，存储就在哪里，需要定义约束
crm(live)# configure
crm(live)configure# primitive myfsocf:heartbeat:Filesystem params device=/dev/drbd0
directory=/mydata fstype="ext4"op monitor interval=20s timeout=40s op start
timeout=60s op stop timeout=60s
crm(live)configure# verify
#定义协同约束，主节点在哪里启动，存储就跟随主节点
crm(live)configure# colocation myfs_with_ms_mydrbd_masterinf: myfs ms_mydrbd:Master
#定义顺序约束，主角色提升完成后才启动存储
crm(live)configure# orderms_mydrbd_master_before_myfs inf: ms_mydrbd:promote
myfs:start
crm(live)configure# verify
crm(live)configure# commit
crm(live)configure# cd
crm(live)# status
Last updated: Sat Jan 3 11:34:23 2015
Last change: Sat Jan 3 11:34:12 2015
Stack: classic openais (with plugin)
Current DC: node1.stu31.com - partitionwith quorum
Version: 1.1.11-97629de
2 Nodes configured, 2 expected votes
3 Resources configured
Online: [ node1.stu31.com node2.stu31.com ]
Master/Slave Set: ms_mydrbd [mydrbd]
Masters: [ node1.stu31.com ]
Slaves: [ node2.stu31.com ]
myfs (ocf::heartbeat:Filesystem): Started node1.stu31.com
可以知道主节点是node1，存储也是挂载在节点1上的。
查看挂载的目录：文件存在，挂载成功
[root@node1 ~]# ls /mydata
issue lost+found
主从资源，文件系统挂载都完成了，下面就开始安装mariadb数据库了！
八.安装mariadb数据库
1.初始化安装mariadb必须在主节点进行：
创建用户mysql管理数据库及配置数据存储目录权限为mysql，两个节点都需要创建用户
# groupadd -r -g 306 mysql
# useradd -r -g 306 -u 306 mysql
获取mariadb的二进制安装包：
mariadb-10.0.10-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
解压至/usr/local目录中：
[root@node1 ~]# tar xfmariadb-10.0.10-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
创建软链接：
[root@node1 ~]# cd /usr/local
[root@node1 local]# ln -svmariadb-10.0.10-linux-x86_64/ mysql
在挂载的DRBD存储上创建数据库数据存放目录：
# chown -R mysql:mysql /mydata/
进入安装目录：
[root@node1 local]# cd mysql
[root@node1 mysql]# pwd
/usr/local/mysql
[root@node1 mysql]# chown -R root:mysql ./*
初始化安装mariadb：
[root@node1 mysql]#scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data
安装完成后查看数据存放目录：
[root@node1 mysql]# ls /mydata/data/
aria_log.00000001 ibdata1 ib_logfile1 performance_schema
aria_log_control ib_logfile0 mysql test
安装成功！
mariadb配置文件的存放，如果我们希望一个节点的配置文件更改后，备节点同步更新，那么配置文件需要存放在drbd存储上是最合适的！
[root@node1 mysql]# mkdir /mydata/mysql/
[root@node1 mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /mydata/mysql/
[root@node1 mysql]# cp support-files/my-large.cnf /mydata/mysql/my.cnf
[root@node1 mysql]# vim /mydata/mysql/my.cnf
[mysqld]
port = 3306
datadir = /mydata/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 256M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 256
sort_buffer_size = 1M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_size= 16M
# Try number of CPU's*2 forthread_concurrency
thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_file_per_table = on
skip_name_resolve = on
在本地创建软链接指向配置文件目录：
[root@node1 ~]# ln -sv /mydata/mysql/etc/mysql
`/etc/mysql' -> `/mydata/mysql'
服务脚本的创建：
[root@node1 mysql]# cpsupport-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@node1 mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld
启动服务测试：
[root@node1 mysql]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL. [ OK ]
登录mysql创建数据库：
[root@node1 mysql]#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 4
Server version: 10.0.10-MariaDB-log MariaDBServer
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, SkySQL Aband others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' toclear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> create databasetestdb;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> \q
Bye
停止mysql服务器：
[root@node1 mysql]# service mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL.. [ OK ]
2.节点2也要配置mariadb
切换node1为从节点：
[root@node1 ~]# crm node standby
[root@node1 ~]# crm status
Last updated: Sat Jan 3 12:21:38 2015
Last change: Sat Jan 3 12:21:34 2015
Stack: classic openais (with plugin)
Current DC: node1.stu31.com - partitionwith quorum
Version: 1.1.11-97629de
2 Nodes configured, 2 expected votes
3 Resources configured
Node node1.stu31.com: standby
Online: [ node2.stu31.com ]
Master/Slave Set: ms_mydrbd [mydrbd]
Masters: [ node2.stu31.com ]
Stopped: [ node1.stu31.com ]
myfs (ocf::heartbeat:Filesystem): Started node2.stu31.com
让node1从节点上线：
[root@node1 ~]# crm node online
[root@node1 ~]# crm status
Last updated: Sat Jan 3 12:21:52 2015
Last change: Sat Jan 3 12:21:48 2015
Stack: classic openais (with plugin)
Current DC: node1.stu31.com - partitionwith quorum
Version: 1.1.11-97629de
2 Nodes configured, 2 expected votes
3 Resources configured
Online: [ node1.stu31.com node2.stu31.com ]
Master/Slave Set: ms_mydrbd [mydrbd]
Masters: [ node2.stu31.com ]
Slaves: [ node1.stu31.com ]
myfs (ocf::heartbeat:Filesystem): Started node2.stu31.com
mariadb程序包解压：
[root@node2 ~]# tar xfmariadb-10.0.10-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
[root@node2 ~]# cd /usr/local
[root@node2 local]# ln -sv mariadb-10.0.10-linux-x86_64/mysql
`mysql' ->`mariadb-10.0.10-linux-x86_64/'
[root@node2 local]# cd mysql
[root@node2 mysql]# chown -R root:mysql ./*
不需要初始化安装了！
查看节点2的存储挂载完成与否：
[root@node2 local]# ls /mydata/data/
aria_log.00000001 ib_logfile1 mysql-bin.index testdb
aria_log_control multi-master.info mysql-bin.state
ibdata1 mysql performance_schema
ib_logfile0 mysql-bin.000001 test
成功挂载：
只需要服务脚本了：
[root@node2 mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@node2 mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@node2 mysql]# chkconfig mysqld off
创建软链接将存储的配置文件定位到/etc/下，方便mysql启动：
[root@node2 ~]# ln -sv /mydata/mysql//etc/mysql
`/etc/mysql' -> `/mydata/mysql/'
启动mysqld服务：
[root@node2 ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL... [ OK ]
[root@node2 ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 4
Server version: 10.0.10-MariaDB-log MariaDBServer
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, SkySQL Aband others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' toclear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| testdb |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.04 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to'root'@'172.16.%.%' identified by 'oracle';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> \q
Bye
可以看出数据库是有testdb的！！！
同步过来了！我们授权一下远程客户端可以登录！
两个节点都安装好了mariadb，
九.定义mariadb数据库集群服务资源
[root@node2 ~]# crm
crm(live)# configure
#定义数据库集群的VIP
crm(live)configure# primitive myipocf:heartbeat:IPaddr params ip="172.16.31.166" op
monitor interval=10s timeout=20s
crm(live)configure# verify
#定义数据库集群的服务资源mysqld
crm(live)configure# primitive myserverlsb:mysqld op monitor interval=20s
timeout=20s
crm(live)configure# verify
#将资源加入资源组，进行结合资源在一起
crm(live)configure# group myservice myipms_mydrbd:Master myfs myserver
ERROR: myservice refers to missing objectms_mydrbd:Master
INFO: resource references incolocation:myfs_with_ms_mydrbd_master updated
INFO: resource references inorder:ms_mydrbd_master_before_myfs updated
#定义资源顺序约束，启动好myfs资源后再启动myserver资源：
crm(live)configure# ordermyfs_before_myserver inf: myfs:start myserver:start
crm(live)configure# verify
#所有都定义完成后就提交！可能mysql服务启动有点慢，等一下即可！
crm(live)configure# commit
crm(live)configure# cd
crm(live)# status
Last updated: Sat Jan 3 13:42:13 2015
Last change: Sat Jan 3 13:41:48 2015
Stack: classic openais (with plugin)
Current DC: node1.stu31.com - partitionwith quorum
Version: 1.1.11-97629de
2 Nodes configured, 2 expected votes
5 Resources configured
Online: [ node1.stu31.com node2.stu31.com ]
Master/Slave Set: ms_mydrbd [mydrbd]
Masters: [ node2.stu31.com ]
Slaves: [ node1.stu31.com ]
Resource Group: myservice
myip (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr): Started node2.stu31.com
myfs (ocf::heartbeat:Filesystem): Started node2.stu31.com
myserver (lsb:mysqld): Started node2.stu31.com
启动完成后，我们在远程客户端上连接数据库进行测试：
[root@nfs ~]# mysql -h 172.16.31.166 -uroot -poracle
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.5.5-10.0.10-MariaDB-logMariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or itsaffiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of OracleCorporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarksof their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' toclear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| testdb |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.05 sec)
mysql> use testdb
Database changed
mysql> create table t1 (id int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.18 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_testdb |
+------------------+
| t1 |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> \q
Bye
将节点2切换为备节点，让node1成为主节点：
[root@node2 ~]# crm node standby
输入切换指令后我们监控node1转换成主节点的过程：
查看节点1的集群状态信息：
[root@node1 ~]# crm status
Last updated: Sat Jan 3 13:59:38 2015
Last change: Sat Jan 3 13:48:49 2015
Stack: classic openais (with plugin)
Current DC: node1.stu31.com - partitionwith quorum
Version: 1.1.11-97629de
2 Nodes configured, 2 expected votes
5 Resources configured
Node node2.stu31.com: standby
Online: [ node1.stu31.com ]
Master/Slave Set: ms_mydrbd [mydrbd]
Masters: [ node1.stu31.com ]
Stopped: [ node2.stu31.com ]
Resource Group: myservice
myip (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr): Started node1.stu31.com
myfs (ocf::heartbeat:Filesystem): Started node1.stu31.com
myserver (lsb:mysqld): Started node1.stu31.com
再次远程连接数据库测试：
[root@nfs ~]# mysql -h 172.16.31.166 -uroot -poracle
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.5.5-10.0.10-MariaDB-logMariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or itsaffiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of OracleCorporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarksof their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' toclear the current input statement.
mysql> use testdb;
Reading table information for completion oftable and column names
You can turn off this feature to get aquicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_testdb |
+------------------+
| t1 |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> \q
Bye
测试成功，同步完成！
至此，corosync+pacemaker+crmsh+DRBD实现数据库服务器高可用性集群的搭建就完成了！！！
