如果你对RPM没有什么好印像的话，我相信原因就是它的过复杂的包依赖关系。
但如果自己动手来编绎RPM包的话，这个问题你可以很愉快的进行控制如果你有一个很好的软件版本控制系统的话，你完全可以把你所有要用的软件包都编绎成RPM， 这样可以提高一些常规软件部署效率，比如apache mysql这样的软件。
本次目标：在新装的一台centos6.4 x86_64位系统上生成根据apache的源码包生成个apache的rpm文件
yum-y install wget -y
yuminstall rpm-build -y
wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/httpd/httpd-2.4.4.tar.bz2
这些文件的下载可以放在一个文档,比如/usr/local/src,本博写的文件是直接下载在/root目录下的
RPM的建立可以直接从Apache httpd源码压缩包中使用以下命令：
rpmbuild-tb httpd-2.4.4.tar.bz2
但是如果下载好httpd的源码包就直接使用这个命令的话是会有如下错误提示的
相应的“开发”被安装在您的构建系统之前建立的RPM包将被要求，rpmbuild的命令会自动计算需要什么的RPM，并列出在您的系统中缺少的任何依赖。这些“开发”包不会被构建完成后，可以安全地删除。
根据上面的提示要安装的包，我们要下载apr 1.4以上的相关的包和distcache的包，在系统自带的包里面的apr的版本太低的。
wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/apr/apr-1.5.0.tar.bz2
wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/apr/apr-util-1.5.3.tar.bz2
如下所示下载好apr的包要是直接用rpmbuild打包也还是不行，还是要安装相关的组件
结和上面关于apr和httpd相关的组件整合在一起安装如下所示：除了freetds的组件，这个组件要从别的源下载的如epel
yum -y install autoconf libtool doxygen expat expat-devel libuuid-develdb4-devel mysql-devel unixODBC-devel postgresql-devel sqlite-devel pcrepcre-devel lua-devel libxml2-devel openldap-devel nss-devel zlib-devel libselinux-develmake
安装“freetds freetds-devel”这个相关的组件的，只是这个包在系统自带的那个包里是没有的，须要用外网的源，比如epel、remi等。这里我就用epel的源
wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
yum -y install freetds freetds-devel
安装好上面相关的组件后就可以使用这个命令“rpmbuild-tb apr-1.5.0.tar.bz2”编译apr的rpm包了。
打包好之后会/root/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/下生成rpm的包的，这里的这个rpmbuild这个目录是我在做第一步的时候使用这个命令时“rpmbuild -tb httpd-2.4.6.tar.bz2”它自动生成的，当然也可以自己建这个目录的及这个目录下面的这几个目录的（BUILD BUILDROOT RPMS SOURCES SPECS SRPMS）
下面就是安装apr的包
rpm–ivh /root/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/apr-1.5.0-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm-ivh /root/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/apr-devel-1.5.0-1.x86_64.rpm
rpmbuild -tb apr-util-1.5.3.tar.bz2
rpm -ivh /root/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/apr-util-* //安装转为rpm包的apr-util的所有的包
最后要安装distcache这个组件：
rpmbuild --rebuild distcache-1.4.5-23.src.rpm //从源码包建立二进制包
rpm -ivh /root/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/distcache-* //安装所有制作好的distcache的rpm的包
所有和httpd制作相关的组件都安装好了，接下来就可以编译httpd的rpm包了
rpmbuild -tb httpd-2.4.4.tar.bz2
httpd的rpm包打包好之后就可以安装了如下所示，不过在安装httpd的rpm包之前要先安装mailcap组件的，不然会提示“
[root@localhost~]# rpm -ivh rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/httpd-2.4.4-1.x86_64.rpm
error: Failed dependencies:
/etc/mime.types is needed by httpd-2.4.4-1.x86_64”
yum install mailcap -y
安装完mailcap组件后再安装下面的httpd的相关的rpm包：
rpm–ivh /root/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/httpd-2.4.4-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm–ivh /root/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/httpd-devel-2.4.4-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm–ivh /root/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/httpd-tools-2.4.4-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh /root/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/httpd-manual-2.4.4-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh /root/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/mod_authnz_ldap-2.4.4-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh /root/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/mod_lua-2.4.4-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh /root/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/mod_proxy_html-2.4.4-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh /root/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/mod_socache_dc-2.4.4-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh /root/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/mod_ssl-2.4.4-1.x86_64.rpm
service httpd start
rpmbuild --help 命令的解释说明如下：
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*使用命令：rpmbuild ·[OPTION]
Build options with [ <specfile> | <tarball> | <sourcepackage> ]:
*建立包的选项有：[ 从文件<specfile>建立 |从 <tarball>包建立 |从 <source package>包建立]
*从文件<specfile>建立
-bp build through %prep (unpack sources and apply patches) from<specfile>
* -bp 从<specfile>文件的%prep段开始建立（解开源码包并打补丁）
-bc build through %build (%prep, then compile) from <specfile>
*-bc 从<specfile>文件的%build
-bi build through %install (%prep,%build, then install) from <specfile>
-bl verify %files section from<specfile>
*检查<specfile>文件的%files段
-ba build source and binary packages from <specfile>
*建立源码和二进制包
-bb build binary package only from<specfile>
*只建立二进制包
-bs build source package only from <specfile>
*只建立源码包
*从 <tarball>包建立
-tp build through %prep (unpack sources and apply patches) from<tarball>
-tc build through %build (%prep, then compile) from <tarball>
-ti build through %install (%prep, %build,then install) from <tarball>
-ta build source and binary packages from <tarball>
*建立源码和二进制包
-tb build binary package only from <tarball>
*只建立二进制包
-ts build source package only from <tarball>
*只建立源码包
*从 <source package>包建立
--rebuild
build binary package from<source package>
*建立二进制包
--recompile
build through %install (%prep,%build, then install) from <source package>
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番外的，整合了一下上面所述的命令的，如下所示：
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以上的apache的源码包就打包成了rpm的包，还是有很多rpm包的。将这些在/root/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/下生成rpm的包或拷贝整个rpmbuild这个目录到别的服务器上，那些相关的组件也还是要安装的，才能安装这些打包好的rpm包的。这样就方便多了，不用编译要等那么长的时间了，步骤如下所示：
wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
yum -y install autoconf libtool doxygen expat expat-devel libuuid-devel db4-develmysql-devel unixODBC-devel postgresql-devel sqlite-devel pcre pcre-devellua-devel libxml2-devel openldap-devel nss-devel zlib-devel libselinux-develmake freetds freetds-devel mailcap
rpm –ivh /root/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/apr-1.5.0-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh /root/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/apr-devel-1.5.0-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh /root/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/apr-util-*
rpm -ivh /root/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/distcache-*
rpm –ivh /root/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/httpd-2.4.4-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm –ivh /root/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/httpd-devel-2.4.4-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm –ivh /root/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/httpd-tools-2.4.4-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh /root/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/httpd-manual-2.4.4-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh /root/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/mod_authnz_ldap-2.4.4-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh /root/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/mod_lua-2.4.4-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh /root/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/mod_proxy_html-2.4.4-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh /root/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/mod_socache_dc-2.4.4-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh /root/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/mod_ssl-2.4.4-1.x86_64.rpm
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本文转自ling118 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/meiling/1340577，如需转载请自行联系原作者
