使用Zipkin 和 Brave 实现http(springmvc)服务调用跟踪(一)
Zipkin 是一款开源的分布式实时数据追踪系统(Distributed Tracking System),基于 Google Dapper 的论文设计而来,由 Twitter 公司开发贡献。其主要功能是聚集来自各个异构系统的实时监控数据,用来追踪微服务架构下的系统延时问题。
Brave 是用来装备 Java 程序的类库,提供了面向 Standard Servlet、Spring MVC、Http Client、JAX RS、Jersey、Resteasy 和 MySQL 等接口的装备能力,可以通过编写简单的配置和代码,让基于这些框架构建的应用可以向 Zipkin 报告数据。同时 Brave 也提供了非常简单且标准化的接口,在以上封装无法满足要求的时候可以方便扩展与定制(下篇会讲)。
有关zipkin与Brave的详细介绍:http://www.tuicool.com/articles/f2qAZnZ
客户端发起请求到接收到服务端回应,先后经过四个阶段:客户端/消费者发起请求(cs)、服务端/生产者接收到请求(sr)、服务端/生产者发送应答(ss)和客户端/消费者接收到应答(cr)。Brave为Spring提供的Servlet拦截器(ServletHandlerInterceptor)及Rest(BraveClientHttpRequestInterceptor)模板的拦截器,向zipkin报告监控数据,其中,BraveClientHttpRequestInterceptor负责cs与cr的处理,ServletHandlerInterceptor负责sr与ss的处理。
好,开始实验这两个拦截器的使用,目标是发布两个服务a和b,在a中调用b服务,记录调用的跟踪信息。
git项目地址:https://github.com/blacklau/brave-webmvc-example (forked from openzipkin/brave-webmvc-example ,请忽略README.md说明)
1、pom.xml
- <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
- <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
- <groupId>io.zipkin.brave</groupId>
- <artifactId>brave-webmvc-example</artifactId>
- <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
- <packaging>war</packaging>
- <name>brave-webmvc-examplea</name>
- <description>Example using Brave to trace RPCs from Spring Web MVC</description>
- <url>https://github.com/openzipkin/brave-webmvc-example</url>
- <properties>
- <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
- <spring.version>4.3.3.RELEASE</spring.version>
- <jetty.version>8.1.20.v20160902</jetty.version>
- <brave.version>3.16.0</brave.version>
- <zipkin-reporter.version>0.6.9</zipkin-reporter.version>
- </properties>
- <dependencies>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>junit</groupId>
- <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
- <version>4.10</version>
- <scope>test</scope>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>io.zipkin.brave</groupId>
- <artifactId>brave-core-spring</artifactId>
- <version>${brave.version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>io.zipkin.reporter</groupId>
- <artifactId>zipkin-sender-okhttp3</artifactId>
- <version>${zipkin-reporter.version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>io.zipkin.reporter</groupId>
- <artifactId>zipkin-sender-libthrift</artifactId>
- <version>${zipkin-reporter.version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>io.zipkin.reporter</groupId>
- <artifactId>zipkin-sender-kafka08</artifactId>
- <version>${zipkin-reporter.version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>io.zipkin.brave</groupId>
- <artifactId>brave-spring-web-servlet-interceptor</artifactId>
- <version>${brave.version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>io.zipkin.brave</groupId>
- <artifactId>brave-spring-resttemplate-interceptors</artifactId>
- <version>${brave.version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
- <version>${spring.version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
- <version>${spring.version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
- <version>${spring.version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
- <version>${spring.version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
- <version>${spring.version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
- <artifactId>jetty-server</artifactId>
- <version>${jetty.version}</version>
- <scope>test</scope>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
- <artifactId>jetty-webapp</artifactId>
- <version>${jetty.version}</version>
- <scope>test</scope>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>log4j</groupId>
- <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
- <version>1.2.17</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
- <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
- <version>1.7.21</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
- <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
- <version>1.7.21</version>
- </dependency>
- </dependencies>
- <build>
- <plugins>
- <plugin>
- <inherited>true</inherited>
- <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
- <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
- <version>2.5.1</version>
- <configuration>
- <source>1.6</source>
- <target>1.6</target>
- <optimize>true</optimize>
- <debug>true</debug>
- </configuration>
- </plugin>
- <plugin>
- <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
- <artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
- <version>2.19.1</version>
- <executions>
- <execution>
- <id>integration-test</id>
- <goals>
- <goal>integration-test</goal>
- </goals>
- </execution>
- <execution>
- <id>verify</id>
- <goals>
- <goal>verify</goal>
- </goals>
- </execution>
- </executions>
- </plugin>
- <plugin>
- <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
- <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
- <version>3.0.0</version>
- <configuration>
- <webResources>
- <resource>
- <directory>${basedir}/src/main/webapp</directory>
- <filtering>true</filtering>
- <includes>
- <include>**/index.html</include>
- </includes>
- </resource>
- <resource>
- <directory>${basedir}/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF</directory>
- <filtering>true</filtering>
- <targetPath>WEB-INF</targetPath>
- <includes>
- <include>**/web.xml</include>
- </includes>
- </resource>
- </webResources>
- <packagingExcludes>WEB-INF/lib/servlet-api-*.jar</packagingExcludes>
- </configuration>
- </plugin>
- </plugins>
- </build>
- </project>
2、Brave的初始化及添加拦截器
- <span style="font-size:18px;">package brave.webmvc;
- import com.github.kristofa.brave.Brave;
- import com.github.kristofa.brave.LoggingReporter;
- import com.github.kristofa.brave.http.DefaultSpanNameProvider;
- import com.github.kristofa.brave.http.SpanNameProvider;
- import com.github.kristofa.brave.spring.BraveClientHttpRequestInterceptor;
- import com.github.kristofa.brave.spring.ServletHandlerInterceptor;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
- import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
- import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestInterceptor;
- import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
- import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
- import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
- import zipkin.Span;
- import zipkin.reporter.Reporter;
- import zipkin.reporter.Sender;
- import zipkin.reporter.okhttp3.OkHttpSender;
- /**
- * This adds tracing configuration to any web mvc controllers or rest template clients. This should
- * be configured last.
- */
- @Configuration
- // import as the interceptors are annotation with javax.inject and not automatically wired
- @Import({BraveClientHttpRequestInterceptor.class, ServletHandlerInterceptor.class})
- public class WebTracingConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
- /** 发送器配置 */
- @Bean Sender sender() {
- return OkHttpSender.create("http://127.0.0.1:9411/api/v1/spans");
- //return LibthriftSender.create("127.0.0.1");
- // return KafkaSender.create("127.0.0.1:9092");
- }
- /** 用什么方式显示span信息 */
- @Bean Reporter<Span> reporter() {
- //取消注释,日志打印span信息
- //return new LoggingReporter();
- return AsyncReporter.builder(sender()).build();
- }
- @Bean Brave brave() {
- return new Brave.Builder("brave-webmvc-example").reporter(reporter()).build();
- }
- // span命名提供者,默认为http方法.
- @Bean SpanNameProvider spanNameProvider() {
- return new DefaultSpanNameProvider();
- }
- @Autowired
- private ServletHandlerInterceptor serverInterceptor;
- @Autowired
- private BraveClientHttpRequestInterceptor clientInterceptor;
- @Autowired
- private RestTemplate restTemplate;
- // 添加rest template拦截器
- @PostConstruct
- public void init() {
- List<ClientHttpRequestInterceptor> interceptors =
- new ArrayList<ClientHttpRequestInterceptor>(restTemplate.getInterceptors());
- interceptors.add(clientInterceptor);
- restTemplate.setInterceptors(interceptors);
- }
- // 添加Severlet拦截器
- @Override
- public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
- registry.addInterceptor(serverInterceptor);
- }
- }</span>
3、springmvc的controller,发布a和b两个服务
- <span style="font-size:18px;">package brave.webmvc;
- import java.util.Random;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
- import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
- import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
- @RestController
- @EnableWebMvc
- @Configuration
- public class ExampleController {
- @Bean RestTemplate template() {
- return new RestTemplate();
- }
- @Autowired RestTemplate template;
- @RequestMapping("/a")
- public String a() throws InterruptedException {
- Random random = new Random();
- Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(1000));
- return template.getForObject("http://localhost:8080/brave-webmvc-example/b", String.class);
- }
- @RequestMapping("/b")
- public String b() throws InterruptedException {
- Random random = new Random();
- Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(1000));
- return "b";
- }
- }</span>
4、web.xml配置
- <span style="font-size:18px;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">
- <web-app>
- <display-name>brave webmvc example</display-name>
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
- <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
- <init-param>
- <param-name>contextClass</param-name>
- <param-value>
- org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
- </param-value>
- </init-param>
- <init-param>
- <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
- <!-- Loads the application configuration and resource. Tracing configuration is optional and goes last. -->
- <param-value>
- brave.webmvc.ExampleController
- brave.webmvc.WebTracingConfiguration
- </param-value>
- </init-param>
- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
- </servlet>
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
- <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
- </web-app>
- </span>
5、下载zipkin并运行
下载地址: https://search.maven.org/remote_content?g=io.zipkin.java&a=zipkin-server&v=LATEST&c=exec
运行: java -jar zipkin.jar
6、git上下载项目,maven打war包(打包时,请跳过测试,否则报错)部署到tomcat或在开发环境中运行
访问a服务: http://localhost:8080/brave-webmvc-example/a
打开:http://localhost:9411,查看调用链跟踪信息及耗时
发现Brave提供的拦截器使用的Span的名称是默认的http的请求方法,好像没多大意义,且没有记录请求参数,若调用链中出现bug,不方便bug重现与问题排查,下一篇讲使用Brave的扩展与定制,重写span名称的获取与添加请求参数到跟踪信息中