Nginx ("engine x") 是一个高性能的 HTTP 和 反向代理 服务器，也是一个 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服务器。 Nginx 是由 Igor Sysoev 为俄罗斯访问量第二的 Rambler.ru 站点开发的，第一个公开版本0.1.0发布于2004年10月4日。其将源代码以类BSD许可证的形式发布，因它的稳定性、丰富的功能集、示例配置文件和低系统资源的消耗而闻名
Keepalivedt做高可用，其高可用，都是站在服务器脚本去说的高可用，而不是服务的角度,也就是说，如果服务器DOWN机或者网络出现故障，高可用是可以实现自动切换的。如果运行的服务，比如Nginx挂掉,这些高可用软件是意识不到的，需要自己写脚本去实现服务的切换
HAProxy是一个使用C语言编写的自由及开放源代码软件[1]，其提供高可用性、负载均衡，以及基于TCP和HTTP的应用程序代理。
HAProxy特别适用于那些负载特大的web站点，这些站点通常又需要会话保持或七层处理。HAProxy运行在当前的硬件上，完全可以支持数以万计的并发连接。并且它的运行模式使得它可以很简单安全的整合进您当前的架构中， 同时可以保护你的web服务器不被暴露到网络上。
HAProxy实现了一种事件驱动, 单一进程模型，此模型支持非常大的并发连接数。多进程或多线程模型受内存限制 、系统调度器限制以及无处不在的锁限制，很少能处理数千并发连接。事件驱动模型因为在有更好的资源和时间管理的用户空间(User-Space) 实现所有这些任务，所以没有这些问题。此模型的弊端是，在多核系统上，这些程序通常扩展性较差。这就是为什么他们必须进行优化以 使每个CPU时间片(Cycle)做更多的工作。
master nginx+keeplive+haproxy 192.168.1.108
master/slave nginx+keeplive+haproxy 192.168.1.103
vip 192.168.1.200
实验环境
centos_6.8(x64)
实验软件
pcre-8.10.tar.gz
nginx-1.1.1.tar.gz
keepalived-1.2.1.tar.gz
haproxy-1.4.8.tar.gz
软件安装
yum install -y gcc gcc-c++* make* cmake* zlib* openssl* popt* nmap* ntp* lrzsz* autoconf* automake* libxml* ncurses* libmcrypt* ipvsadm* libnl-devel* kernel-devel
/etc/rc.d/init.d/ntpd start
ntpdate 服务器IP
clock -w
chkconfig --level 35 ntpd on
tar zxvf pcre-8.10.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.10
./configure
make && make install
tar zxvf nginx-1.1.1.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.1.1
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module
make && make install
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 检查nginx配置
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successfu
如果看到这行提示，证明nginx配置没有错误
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
nginx: [error] invalid PID number "" in "/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload nginx平滑重启
cp /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /etc/init.d/
chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx 启动nginx
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx & 也可以使用这种办法启动nginx
cp /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html /root/
echo > /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html
echo web1 > /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html master端192.168.1.108
tail /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html
web1
echo web2 > /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html slave端192.168.1.103操作
tail /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html
web2
tar zxvf keepalived-1.2.1.tar.gz
cd keepalived-1.2.1
ll /usr/src/kernels/
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 22 root root 4096 May 8 18:01 2.6.32-696.1.1.el6.x86_64
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keeplived
--with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-696.1.1.el6.x86_64
Keepalived configuration
------------------------
Keepalived version : 1.2.1
Compiler : gcc
Compiler flags : -g -O2
Extra Lib : -lpopt -lssl -lcrypto
Use IPVS Framework : Yes
IPVS sync daemon support : Yes
Use VRRP Framework : Yes 3个必须是yes
Use Debug flags : No
make && make install
cp /usr/local/keeplived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/rc.d/init.d/
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived
cp /usr/local/keeplived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
cp /usr/local/keeplived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
cp /usr/local/keeplived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
chmod +x /usr/sbin/keepalived
echo "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" >> /etc/rc.local
echo "/etc/init.d/keepalived start" >> /etc/rc.local 开机启动服务
/etc/init.d/keepalived start
Starting keepalived: [ OK ]
tar zxvf haproxy-1.4.8.tar.gz
cd haproxy-1.4.8
uname -a
Linux centos6 2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue May 10 17:27:01 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
make TARGET=linux26 PREFIX=/usr/local/haproxy
make install PREFIX=/usr/local/haproxy
useradd -s /sbin/nologin haproxy
chown -R haproxy.haproxy /usr/local/haproxy
ll /usr/local/haproxy/
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 3 haproxy haproxy 4096 May 8 16:36 doc
drwxr-xr-x 2 haproxy haproxy 4096 May 8 16:36 sbin
drwxr-xr-x 3 haproxy haproxy 4096 May 8 16:36 share 默认没有.cfg 配置文件
touch /usr/local/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
vim /usr/local/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
global
log 127.0.0.1 local0
maxconn 5120
chroot /usr/local/haproxy
user haproxy
group haproxy
daemon
quiet
nbproc 1
pidfile /usr/local/haproxy/haproxy.pid
debug
defaults
log 127.0.0.1 local3
mode http
option httplog
option httpclose
option dontlognull
#option forwardfor
option redispatch
retries 2
maxconn 2000
balance source
contimeout 5000
clitimeout 50000
srvtimeout 50000
listen web_proxy :8080 web页面配置 nginx默认端口80造成IP冲突 修改为8080
server www1 nginx_master服务器IP:80 weight 5 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 5
server www2 nginx_slave服务器IP:80 weight 5 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 5
listen mysql
bind 0.0.0.0:7306 7306为代理数据库虚拟端口
mode tcp
server mysql 后端数据库IP:3306
mode http
#transparent
stats uri / haproxy-stats
stats realm Haproxy \ statisti
/usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy -f /usr/local/haproxy/haproxy.cfg & 启动服务
pkill haproxy 杀死进程
touch /etc/init.d/haproxy
vim /etc/init.d/haproxy
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
#!/bin/bash
#
# haproxy
#
# chkconfig: 35 85 15
# description: HAProxy is a free, very fast and reliable solution \
# offering high availability, load balancing, and \
# proxying for TCP and HTTP-based applications
# processname: haproxy
# config: /usr/local/haproxy/haproxy.cfg haproxy配置文件目录
# pidfile: /usr/local/haproxy/haproxy.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
config="/usr/local/haproxy/haproxy.cfg" haproxy 配置文件目录
exec="/usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy"
prog=$(basename $exec)
[ -e /etc/sysconfig/$prog ] && . /etc/sysconfig/$prog
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/haproxy
check() {
$exec -c -V -f $config
}
start() {
$exec -c -q -f $config
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
echo "Errors in configuration file, check with $prog check."
return 1
fi
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
# start it up here, usually something like "daemon $exec"
daemon $exec -D -f $config -p /var/run/$prog.pid
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
# stop it here, often "killproc $prog"
killproc $prog
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}
restart() {
$exec -c -q -f $config
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
echo "Errors in configuration file, check with $prog check."
return 1
fi
stop
start
}
reload() {
$exec -c -q -f $config
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
echo "Errors in configuration file, check with $prog check."
return 1
fi
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
$exec -D -f $config -p /var/run/$prog.pid -sf $(cat /var/run/$prog.pid)
retval=$?
echo
return $retval
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
fdr_status() {
status $prog
}
case "$1" in
start|stop|restart|reload)
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
checkconfig)
check
;;
status)
fdr_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
[ ! -f $lockfile ] || restart
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|checkconfig|restart|try-restart|reload|force-reload}"
exit 2
esac
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
chmod +x /etc/init.d/haproxy 使用脚本方式重启服务
ps -aux | grep haporxy
Warning: bad syntax, perhaps a bogus '-'? See /usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/FAQ
haproxy 9165 0.1 0.1 14072 1856 pts/0 S 17:01 0:00 /usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy -f /usr/local/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
root 9167 0.0 0.0 103316 836 pts/0 S+ 17:05 0:00 grep haproxy
netstat -tuplna | grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 11343/nginx
ps -aux | grep nginx
Warning: bad syntax, perhaps a bogus '-'? See /usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/FAQ
root 38686 0.0 0.1 20160 1180 ? Ss 10:48 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nobody 38691 0.0 0.1 20544 1284 ? S 10:49 0:00 nginx: worker process
root 38711 0.0 0.0 103260 836 pts/1 S+ 10:51 0:00 grep nginx
以上所有操作 master端点 和slave端相同
http://服务器IP:8080/haproxy-stats
http://192.168.1.200 刷新，停止master端nginx 刷新看看是不是切换到了slave主机
vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf master端 192.168.1.108配置
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
xxxx@126.com 通告邮箱
}
notification_email_from xxx@126.com
smtp_server smtp.126.com
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id master
}
vrrp_script chk_http_port {
script "/root/chk_nginx.sh"
interval 2
weight 2
}
track_script {
chk_http_port
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 101
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.200 虚拟IP
}
}
vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf slave端 192.168.1.103 配置
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
xxx@126.com 通告邮箱
}
notification_email_from xxxx@126.com
smtp_server smtp.126.com
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id backup
}
vrrp_script chk_http_port {
script "/root/chk_nginx.sh"
interval 2
weight 2
}
track_script {
chk_http_port
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER/BACKUP master为主主模式 backup为主从模式
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 101 主主 主从 模式route_id相同
priority 100/99 主主 100/100优先级相同 主从100/99从优先级比主小
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.200 虚拟IP
}
}
/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived restart
touch chk_nginx.sh
chmod +x chk_nginx.sh
vim chk_nginx.sh
#!/bin/sh
# check nginx server status
NGINX=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
PORT=80
nmap localhost -p $PORT | grep "$PORT/tcp open"
#echo $?
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
$NGINX -s stop
$NGINX
sleep 3
nmap localhost -p $PORT | grep "$PORT/tcp open"
[ $? -ne 0 ] && /etc/init.d/keepalived stop
fi
sh chk_nginx.sh
80/tcp open http
vim /etc/crontab
*/5 * * * * sh /root/root/chk_nginx.sh
service crond restart
vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 修改为1 打开路由转发功能
sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
[root@centos6 ~]# ip a master端192.168.1.108配置
eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:45:17:69 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.108/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.1.200/32 scope global eth0 虚拟ip启动成功
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe45:1769/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@centos6-1 ~]# ip a slave端192.168.1.103配置
eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:3d:5b:1b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.103/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.1.200/24 scope global secondary eth0 虚拟ip启动成功
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe3d:5b1b/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
本文转自 mailfile 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/mailfile/1329362，如需转载请自行联系原作者
