Heartbeat是High-Availability Linux Project (Linux下的高可用性项目)的产物，是一套提供防止业务主机因不可避免的意外性或计划性宕机问题的高可用性软件。Heartbeat可以从Linux-HA 项目Web 站点免费获得，它提供了所有HA （高可用性）系统所需要的基本功能，如启动和停止资源、监测群集中系统的可用性、在群集中的节点间转移共享IP 地址的所有者等。它通过串行线、以太网接口或同时使用两者来监测特定服务（或多个服务）的运行状况。
Heartbeat实现了HA 功能中的核心功能——心跳，将Heartbeat软件同时安装在两台服务器上，用于监视系统的状态，协调主从服务器的工作，维护系统的可用性。它能侦测服务器应用级系统软件、硬件发生的故障，及时地进行错误隔绝、恢复；通过系统监控、服务监控、IP自动迁移等技术实现在整个应用中无单点故障，简单、经济地确保重要的服务持续高可用性。
Heartbeat采用虚拟IP地址映射技术实现主从服务器的切换对客户端透明的功能。
实验环境
centos6.5_x64
master eth0 192.168.1.128
eth1 192.168.1.129
slave eth0 192.168.1.130
eth1 192.168.1.131
vip 192.168.1.200
实验软件
epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
nginx.x86_64
heartbeat.x86_64
软件安装
rpm -ivh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
yum install -y libnet heartbeat* nginx* glib*
vim /etc/hosts
centos6 192.168.1.128 添加两行配置 master/slave相同操作 uname -n名字
centos6-1 192.168.1.130
less /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
centos6 192.168.1.128
centos6-1 192.168.1.130
ssh-keygen -t rsa master/slave 相同操作
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
scp /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.1.128:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
scp /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.1.130:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys ssh信任
scp /root/aa.txt root@192.168.1.128:/root/
aa.txt 100% 0 0.0KB/s 00:00
scp /root/bb.txt root@192.168.1.130:/root/
bb.txt 100% 0 0.0KB/s 00:00
如果使用scp命令没有提示输入密码表示ssh信任成功
service nginx start
chkconfig --level 35 nginx on
cd /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/ master/slave相同操作
cp authkeys ha.cf haresources /etc/ha.d/
vim /etc/ha.d/authkeys
#auth 1
#1 crc
#2 sha1 HI!
#3 md5 Hello! 找到
#auth 1
auth 3
#1 crc
#2 sha1 HI!
3 md5 Hello! 改为 第一种是CRC循环冗余校验，第二种是SHA1哈希算法，第三种是MD3哈希算法
chmod 600 /etc/ha.d/authkeys
vim /etc/ha.d/haresources
centos6 192.168.1.200/24/eth0:0 nginx master端配置
centos6-1 192.168.1.200/24/eth0:0 nginx slave端配置
设定虚拟IP和对应的接口，并且指定启动虚拟IP时启动NGINX服务
vim /etc/ha.d/ha.cf
#debugfile /var/log/ha-debug 找到
debugfile /var/log/ha-debug 改为
touch /var/log/ha-debug
#logfile /var/log/ha-log 找到
logfile /var/log/ha-log 改为 日志文件位置
touch /var/log/ha-log
logfacility local0
#keepalive 2 找到 检查时间间隔
keepalive 2 改为
#deadtime 30 找到 设定死亡时间
deadtime 30 改为
#warntime 10 找到 设定告警时间
warntime 10 改为
#initdead 120 找到 设定初始化时间
initdead 20 改为
#udpport 694 找到
udpport 694 改为 udp端口号
#ucast eth0 192.168.1.2 找到
ucast eth1 192.168.1.131 改为 master端配置 eth1为心跳线ip 192.168.1.131为slave端ip
ucast eth1 192.168.1.129 改为 slave端配置 eth1为心跳线ip 192.168.1.129为master端ip
auto_failback on 找到 启动抢占模式（主在挂了以后重新起来后备会自动切换成备）auto_failback auto_failback on 改为
node centos6 指定负载节点
node centos6-1
#ping 10.10.10.254 找到
ping 192.168.1.101 改为
#respawn hacluster /usr/lib/heartbeat/ipfail 找到
respawn hacluster /usr/lib64/heartbeat/ipfail 改为
chmod 600 /etc/ha.d/ha.cf
service heartbeat start master/slave端相同操作
netstat -tuplna | grep heartbeat
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:56611 0.0.0.0:* 6831/heartbeat: wri
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:694 0.0.0.0:* 6831/heartbeat: wri
ps -ef | grep heartbest
root 8034 8015 0 00:27 pts/0 00:00:00 grep heartbest
tail -f /var/log/ha-log
ip-request-resp(default)[12892]: 2017/10/25_01:25:59 received ip-request-resp 192.168.1.200/24/eth0:0 OK yes
ResourceManager(default)[12915]: 2017/10/25_01:26:00 info: Acquiring resource group: centos6 192.168.1.200/24/eth0:0 nginx
/usr/lib/ocf/resource.d//heartbeat/IPaddr(IPaddr_192.168.1.200)[12943]: 2017/10/25_01:26:00 INFO: Resource is stopped
ResourceManager(default)[12915]: 2017/10/25_01:26:00 info: Running /etc/ha.d/resource.d/IPaddr 192.168.1.200/24/eth0:0 start
IPaddr(IPaddr_192.168.1.200)[13076]: 2017/10/25_01:26:00 INFO: Adding inet address 192.168.1.200/24 with broadcast address 192.168.1.255 to device eth0 (with label eth0:0)
IPaddr(IPaddr_192.168.1.200)[13076]: 2017/10/25_01:26:00 INFO: Bringing device eth0 up
IPaddr(IPaddr_192.168.1.200)[13076]: 2017/10/25_01:26:00 INFO: /usr/libexec/heartbeat/send_arp -i 200 -r 5 -p /var/run/resource-agents/send_arp-192.168.1.200 eth0 192.168.1.200 auto not_used not_used
ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:45:17:73 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.129/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth1
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe45:1773/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:45:17:69 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.128/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.1.200/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global secondary eth0:0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe45:1769/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever master端
ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:3d:5b:1b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.130/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.1.200/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global secondary eth0:0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe3d:5b1b/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:3d:5b:25 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.131/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth1
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe3d:5b25/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever slave端
看到eth0:0 说明配置成功
echo nginx_master > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html master端
echo nginx_slave > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html slave端
nginx -s reload
本文转自 mailfile 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/mailfile/1975846，如需转载请自行联系原作者
