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RHEL7
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RHEL6
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文件系统
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XFS
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EXT4
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内核版本
|
3.10.x-x系列
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2.6.x-x系列
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内核名称
|
Maipo
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Santiago
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发布时间
|
2014-06-09（3.10.0-123）
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2010-11-09（2.6.32-71）
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进程名称
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systemd
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init
|
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运行级别
|
runlevel0.target->poweroff.target
runlevel1.target->rescue.target
runlevel2.target->multi-user.target
runlevel3.target->multi-user.target
runlevel4.target->multi-user.target
runlevel5.target->graphical.target
runlevel6.target->reboot.target
/etc/systemd/system/default.target
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runlevel0
runlevel1
runlevel2
runlevel3
runlevel4
runlevel5
runlevel6
/etc/inittab
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|
主机名称
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/etc/hostname
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/etc/sysconfig/network
|
|
最大文件
|
500TB
|
16TB
|
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检查工具
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xfs.repair
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e2fsck
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启动工具
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GRUB2
|
GRUB0.97
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服务启动
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Systemd
|
Upstart
|
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服务管理
|
systemctl enable xxx.service
systemctl start xxx.service
systemctl stop xxx.service
systemctl restart xxx.service
兼容chkconfig，service命令
|
service enable xxx.service
service stop xxx.service
service start xxx.service
chkconfig --level 3 5 nfs on
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|
防火墙
|
Firewalld兼容Iptables
|
Iptables
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网络绑定
|
Team Driver
|
Bonding
|
|
网络时间
|
Chrony，ntpd
|
ntpd
|
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NFS版本
|
NFS4.1 支持NFSv3，NFSv4.0，NFSv4.1客户端
|
NFS4
|
|
集群管理工具
|
Pacemaker
|
Rgmanager
|
|
负载均衡工具
|
Keepalived，HAProxy
|
Rgmanager
|
|
桌面环境
|
GNOME3,KDE4.10
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GNOME2
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|
数据库
|
MariaDB
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MySQL
|
|
RHEL7和RHEL6的管理命令和配置文件的变化
|
|
订阅信息
|
RHEL7
|
RHEL6
|
|
订阅信息工具
|
subscription-manager identity
|
/etc/sysconfig/rhn/systemid
subscription-manager identity
|
|
配置订阅信息
|
subscription-manager rhn_register
|
rhn_register rhnreg_ks subscription-manager identity
|
|
基本配置
|
RHEL7
|
RHEL6
|
|
GUI配置工具
|
gnome-control-center
|
system-config-*
|
|
网络配置工具
|
nmcli nmtui nm-connection-editor
|
system-config-network
|
|
语言配置工具
|
localectl
|
system-config-language
|
|
时间配置工具
|
timedatectl date
|
system-config-date date
|
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时间同步
|
ntpdate /etc/chrony.conf
|
ntpdate /etc/ntp.conf
|
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键盘配置
|
localectl
|
system-config-keyboard
|
|
服务管理
|
RHEL7
|
RHEL6
|
|
服务列表
|
systemctl -at service
ls /{usr/lib,etc}/systemd/system/*.service
|
chkconfig
ls /etc/init.d/
|
|
服务启动
|
systemctl start name.service
|
service name start
|
|
服务停止
|
systemctl stop name.service
|
service name stop
|
|
服务查看
|
systemctl status name.service
|
service name status
|
|
服务重启
|
systemctl restart name.service
|
service name restart
|
|
服务开机自启
|
systemctl enable name.service
|
chkconfig name on
|
|
服务开机不自启
|
systemctl disable name.service
|
chkconfig name off
|
|
添加服务
|
systemctl daemon-reload
|
achkconfig --add
|
|
服务列表查看
|
systemctl -t service --state=active
|
service --status-all
|
|
查看运行级别
|
systemctl get-default
|
runlevel
|
|
修改运行级别
|
systemctl isolate name.target
init runlevel
|
init runlevel
|
|
日志文件
|
/etc/rsyslog.conf
/etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf
/var/log/journal/
/etc/systemd/journald.conf
|
/etc/rsyslog.conf
|
|
查看日志文件
|
/var/log/
|
/var/log/journalctl
|
|
内核硬件
|
RHEL7
|
RHEL6
|
|
启动提示符
|
append rd.break or init=/bin/bash to kernel cmdline
|
append 1 or s or init=/bin/bash to kernel cmdline
|
|
关闭系统
|
systemctl shutdown
|
shutdown
|
|
关闭电源
|
systemctl poweroff
|
poweroff
|
|
挂起系统
|
systemctl halt
|
halt
|
|
重启系统
|
systemctl reboot
|
reboot
|
|
修改运行级别
|
systemctl set-default
|
/etc/inittab
|
|
配置GRUB
|
/etc/default/grub
grub2-mkconfig
grub-set-default
|
/boot/grub/grub.conf
|
|
软件管理
|
RHEL7
|
RHEL6
|
|
安装软件包
|
yum install
yum group install
|
yum install
yum groupinstall
|
|
查看软件包
|
yum info
yum group info
|
yum info
yum groupinfo
|
|
文件系统
|
RHEL7
|
RHEL6
|
|
建立文件系统
|
fdisk parted gdisk
|
fdisk parted
|
|
LVM管理
|
vgextend lvextend xfs_growfs
|
vgextend lvextend resize2fs
|
|
网络接口配置
|
RHEL7
|
RHEL6
|
|
配置名称
|
/etc/hosts
/etc/resolv.conf
nmcli conmod
|
/etc/hosts
/etc/resolv.conf
|
|
主机名称配置
|
/etc/hostname
hostnamectl
nmcli
|
/etc/sysconfig/network
|
|
Ip地址配置
|
ip addr
nmcli dev
show
teamdctl
brctl
bridge
|
ip add
ifconfig
brctl
|
|
配置防火墙
|
firewall-cmd
firewall-config
|
iptables&ip6tables
/etc/sysconfig/ip*tables
system-config-firewall
|
|
查看端口命令
|
ss
lsof
|
netstat
ss
lsof
|
