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一、requests模块GET请求
1.
无参实例
import
requests
ret
=
requests.get(
'http://www.autohome.com.cn/news/'
)
ret.encoding
=
'gbk'
#改成中文编码
print
(ret.url)
#打印url
print
(ret.text)
#打印文本
2.
有参实例
import
requests
params_dic
=
{
'hostid'
:
'10107'
,
'elementid'
:
'23'
,
'screen'
:
'1'
,
'name'
:
'10.28.142.240'
}
ret
=
requests.get(url
=
'http://zabbix.test.com/screens.php'
, params
=
params_dic)
print
(ret.url)
print
(ret.text)
二、requests模块POST请求
1.post
基本用法
import
requests
data
=
{
'hostid'
:
'10107'
,
'elementid'
:
'23'
,
'screen'
:
'1'
,
'name'
:
'10.28.142.240'
}
ret
=
requests.post(' data
=
data)
print
(ret.text)
2.post
传数据
import
requests
from
bs4
import
BeautifulSoup
url
=
'http://zabbix.kuaikuaidai.com:8888/index.php'
ret
=
requests.get(url)
soup
=
BeautifulSoup(ret.text,
'html.parser'
)
tag
=
soup.find(attrs
=
{
'name'
:
'sid'
})
sid
=
tag.attrs[
'value'
]
tag1
=
soup.find(attrs
=
{
'name'
:
'form_refresh'
})
form_refresh
=
tag1.attrs[
'value'
]
data
=
{
'sid'
: sid,
'form_refresh'
: form_refresh,
'name'
:
'admin'
,
'password'
:
'kkdai123'
,
'autologin'
:
'1'
,
'enter'
:
'Sign in'
}
headers
=
{
'content-type'
:
'text/html'
}
zabbix_ret
=
requests.post(url,data
=
data, headers
=
headers)
print
(zabbix_ret.status_code)
print
(zabbix_ret.text)
3.
其他请求
requests.get(url, params
=
None
,
*
*
kwargs)
requests.post(url, data
=
None
, json
=
None
,
*
*
kwargs)
requests.put(url, data
=
None
,
*
*
kwargs)
requests.head(url,
*
*
kwargs)
requests.delete(url,
*
*
kwargs)
requests.patch(url, data
=
None
,
*
*
kwargs)
requests.options(url,
*
*
kwargs)
注: 以上方法都是通过requests.request(method, url,
*
*
kwargs)构建
三、BeautifulSoup模块解析html文档
#获取汽车之家新闻页面
auto_home
=
requests.get(url
=
'http://www.autohome.com.cn/news/'
)
auto_home.encoding
=
'gbk'
auto_home_news
=
auto_home.text
soup
=
BeautifulSoup(auto_home_news,
'html.parser'
)
#返回文档结构对象
tag
=
soup.find(name
=
'h3'
)
#找到第一个h3标签
print
(tag.name)
#打印标签名
1.name
标签
tag
=
soup.find(name
=
'h3'
)
name
=
tag.name
tag.name
=
'h4'
#设置name
2.attr
标签属性
print
(tag.attrs)
#获取标签属性
tag.attrs[
'id'
]
=
'123'
#设置标签属性
3.children
所有子标签
tag
=
soup.find(name
=
'body'
)
v
=
tag.children
print
(v)
4.descendants
所有子孙标签
tag
=
soup.find(name
=
'body'
)
v
=
tag.descendants
print
(v)
5.clear
清空所有子孙标签
tag
=
soup.find(name
=
'body'
)
tag.clear()
print
(tag)
6.decompose
递归删除所有标签
tag
=
soup.find(name
=
'body'
)
tag.decompose()
print
(tag)
7.extract
递归删除所有标签并返回删除的标签
tag
=
soup.find(name
=
'body'
)
v
=
tag.extract()
print
(v)
8.decode
,转换为字符串（含当前标签）；decode_contents（不含当前标签）
tag
=
soup.find(name
=
'body'
)
v
=
tag.decode()
v1
=
tag.decode_contents()
print
(v)
9.encode
,转换为字节（含当前标签）；encode_contents（不含当前标签）
tag
=
soup.find(name
=
'body'
)
v
=
tag.encode()
v1
=
tag.encode_contents()
print
(v)
10.find
获取匹配的第一个标签
tag
=
soup.find(name
=
'body'
)
11.find_all
获取匹配的所有标签
tag
=
soup.find_all(name
=
'h3'
)
12.has_attr
判断标签是否有某个属性
tag
=
soup.find(name
=
'h3'
)
v
=
tag.has_attr(
'id'
)
print
(v)
13.get_text
获取标签文本内容
tag
=
soup.find(name
=
'h3'
)
v
=
tag.get_text()
print
(v)
14.is_empty_element
,是否是空标签(是否可以是空)或者自闭合标签
# tag = soup.find('br')
# v = tag.is_empty_element
# print(v)
15.
当前的关联标签
# soup.next
# soup.next_element
# soup.next_elements
# soup.next_sibling
# soup.next_siblings
#
# tag.previous
# tag.previous_element
# tag.previous_elements
# tag.previous_sibling
# tag.previous_siblings
#
# tag.parent
# tag.parents
16.
查找某标签的关联标签
# tag.find_next(...)
# tag.find_all_next(...)
# tag.find_next_sibling(...)
# tag.find_next_siblings(...)
# tag.find_previous(...)
# tag.find_all_previous(...)
# tag.find_previous_sibling(...)
# tag.find_previous_siblings(...)
# tag.find_parent(...)
# tag.find_parents(...)
# 参数同find_all
17.string
获取修改标签内容
tag
=
soup.find(name
=
'h3'
)
tag.string
=
'new content'
#设置标签内容
v
=
tag.string
print
(v)
18.append
在当前标签内部追加一个标签
# tag = soup.find('body')
# tag.append(soup.find('a'))
# print(soup)
#
# from bs4.element import Tag
# obj = Tag(name='i',attrs={'id': 'it'})
# obj.string = '我是一个新来的'
# tag = soup.find('body')
# tag.append(obj)
# print(soup)
19.insert
在当前标签内部指定位置插入一个标签
# from bs4.element import Tag
# obj = Tag(name='i', attrs={'id': 'it'})
# obj.string = '我是一个新来的'
# tag = soup.find('body')
# tag.insert(2, obj)
# print(soup)
登录抽屉新热榜点赞
方法一
import
requests
i1
=
requests.get(url
=
'http://dig.chouti.com/'
)
i1_cookies
=
i1.cookies.get_dict()
#print(i1_cookies)
i2
=
requests.post(
url
=
"http://dig.chouti.com/login"
,
data
=
{
'phone'
:
'86xxxxxxxxx'
,
'password'
:
'xxxxxxx'
,
'oneMonth'
: "",
},
cookies
=
i1_cookies
)
gpsd
=
i1_cookies[
'gpsd'
]
i3
=
requests.post(
url
=
"http://dig.chouti.com/link/vote?linksId=14723416"
,
cookies
=
{
'gpsd'
: gpsd}
)
print
(i3.text)
方法二
import
requests
headers
=
{
"Host"
:
"dig.chouti.com"
,
"Referer"
:
"http://dig.chouti.com/"
,
'User-Agent'
:
'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:53.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/53.0'
,
'X-Requested-With'
:
'XMLHttpRequest'
}
session
=
requests.Session()
i1
=
session.get(url
=
"http://dig.chouti.com/"
,headers
=
headers)
i2
=
session.post(
url
=
"http://dig.chouti.com/login"
,
data
=
{
'phone'
:
"8615726697022"
,
'password'
:
'xxxxxxx'
,
'oneMonth'
: ""
},
headers
=
headers
)
i3
=
session.post(
url
=
"http://dig.chouti.com/link/vote?linksId=14723416"
,headers
=
headers
)
print
(i3.text)
登录github账号显示项目列表
import
requests
from
bs4
import
BeautifulSoup
i1
=
requests.get(
'https://github.com/login'
)
soup1
=
BeautifulSoup(i1.text, features
=
'lxml'
)
tag
=
soup1.find(name
=
'input'
, attrs
=
{
'name'
:
'authenticity_token'
})
authenticity_token
=
tag.get(
'value'
)
c1
=
i1.cookies.get_dict()
i1.close()
form_data
=
{
"authenticity_token"
: authenticity_token,
'utf8'
: "",
'commit'
:
"Sign in"
,
'login'
:
'758109577@qq.com'
,
'password'
:
'xxxxxxxx'
}
i2
=
requests.post(
'https://github.com/session'
, data
=
form_data, cookies
=
c1)
c2
=
i2.cookies.get_dict()
c1.update(c2)
i3
=
requests.get(
'https://github.com/settings/repositories'
, cookies
=
c1)
soup3
=
BeautifulSoup(i3.text, features
=
'lxml'
)
list_group
=
soup3.find(name
=
'div'
,
class_
=
'listgroup'
)
from
bs4.element
import
Tag
for
child
in
list_group.children:
if
isinstance
(child, Tag):
project_tag
=
child.find(name
=
'a'
,
class_
=
'mr-1'
)
size_tag
=
child.find(name
=
'small'
)
temp
=
"项目: %s(%s); 项目路径: %s"
%
(project_tag.get(
'href'
), size_tag.string, project_tag.string, )
print
(temp)
方法二
import
requests
from
bs4
import
BeautifulSoup
session
=
requests.Session()
i1
=
session.get(
'https://github.com/login'
)
soup1
=
BeautifulSoup(i1.text,features
=
'lxml'
)
tag
=
soup1.find(name
=
'input'
, attrs
=
{
'name'
:
'authenticity_token'
})
authenticity_token
=
tag.get(
'value'
)
c1
=
i1.cookies.get_dict()
i1.close()
form_data
=
{
"authenticity_token"
: authenticity_token,
'utf8'
: "",
'commit'
:
"Sign in"
,
'login'
:
'758109577@qq.com'
,
'password'
:
'xxxxxxxxxx'
}
i2
=
session.post(
'https://github.com/session'
, data
=
form_data)
c2
=
i2.cookies.get_dict()
c1.update(c2)
i3
=
session.get(
'https://github.com/settings/repositories'
)
soup3
=
BeautifulSoup(i3.text, features
=
'lxml'
)
list_group
=
soup3.find(name
=
'div'
,
class_
=
'listgroup'
)
from
bs4.element
import
Tag
for
child
in
list_group.children:
if
isinstance
(child, Tag):
project_tag
=
child.find(name
=
'a'
,
class_
=
'mr-1'
)
size_tag
=
child.find(name
=
'small'
)
temp
=
"项目: %s(%s); 项目路径: %s"
%
(project_tag.get(
'href'
), size_tag.string, project_tag.string, )
print
(temp)
知乎登录
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import
time
import
requests
from
bs4
import
BeautifulSoup
session
=
requests.Session()
i1
=
session.get(
url
=
'https://www.zhihu.com/#signin'
,
headers
=
{
'User-Agent'
:
'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36'
,
}
)
soup1
=
BeautifulSoup(i1.text,
'lxml'
)
xsrf_tag
=
soup1.find(name
=
'input'
, attrs
=
{
'name'
:
'_xsrf'
})
xsrf
=
xsrf_tag.get(
'value'
)
current_time
=
time.time()
i2
=
session.get(
url
=
'https://www.zhihu.com/captcha.gif'
,
params
=
{
'r'
: current_time,
'type'
:
'login'
},
headers
=
{
'User-Agent'
:
'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36'
,
})
with
open
(
'zhihu.gif'
,
'wb'
) as f:
f.write(i2.content)
captcha
=
input
(
'请打开zhihu.gif文件，查看并输入验证码：'
)
form_data
=
{
"_xsrf"
: xsrf,
'password'
:
'xxxxxx'
,
"captcha"
: captcha,
'email'
:
'7xxxxx@qq.com'
}
i3
=
session.post(
url
=
'https://www.zhihu.com/login/email'
,
data
=
form_data,
headers
=
{
'User-Agent'
:
'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36'
,
}
)
i4
=
session.get(
url
=
'https://www.zhihu.com/settings/profile'
,
headers
=
{
'User-Agent'
:
'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36'
,
}
)
soup4
=
BeautifulSoup(i4.text,
'lxml'
)
tag
=
soup4.find(
id
=
'rename-section'
)
nick_name
=
tag.find(
'span'
,
class_
=
'name'
).string
print
(nick_name)
|
本文转自小白的希望 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/haoyonghui/1972754
，如需转载请自行联系原作者
